View source for Khri ma lod

{{Infobox royalty
| name              = Khri ma lod<br>{{nobold|{{bo-textonly|ཁྲི་མ་ལོད}}}}
| title             = Tsenmo
| image             = 
| caption           = 
| succession        = Empress regent of Tibet
| reign             = 675 – 689 (first regency)
| coronation        =
| predecessor       = [[Mangsong Mangtsen]] (as emperor)
| successor         = [[Tridu Songtsen]] (as emperor)

| reign1             = 704 – 712 (second regency)
| predecessor1       = [[Tridu Songtsen]] (as emperor)
| successor1         = [[Me Agtsom]] (as emperor)

| full name         = Khri ma lod

| father            = 
| mother            = 
|spouse          = [[Mangsong Mangtsen]]
|issue           = [[Tridu Songtsen]]
| birth_date        = 
| birth_place       = 
| death_date        = 712
| death_place       =
| date of burial    =
| place of burial   = 
}}
{{ Infobox Tibetan-Chinese
| t    = འབྲོ་ཟ་ཁྲི་མ་ལོད
| w    = vbro za khri ma lod
| ipa  = 
| z    = 
| thdl = dro za tri ma lö
| e    = 
| tc   = 
| s    = 
| p    = 
}}
Empress '''Khri ma lod''' (or '''Thrimalö''') was an empress consort and twice regent of Tibet. She was empress consort by marriage to emperor [[Mangsong Mangtsen]]. She was the ruler of the [[Tibetan empire]] twice: in 675-689 during the minority of her son emperor [[Tridu Songtsen]], and in 704-712 during the minority of her grandson emperor [[Me Agtsom|Gyältsugru]]. Her title as regent was ''tsenmo'' (the female equivalent of ''tsenpo'', the Tibetan title most frequently translated as emperor).

==Life==
Khri ma lod was married to emperor [[Mangsong Mangtsen]] (''Trimang Löntsen''' or ''Khri-mang-slon-rtsan''). The emperor died in the winter of 676-677, and in the same year she gave birth to the emperor's son [[Tridu Songtsen]] (''Khri 'dus-srong btsan'' or ''Khri-'dus-srong-rtsan'').<ref name="Beckwith1987">{{cite book | last=Beckwith |first= Christopher I. |title=The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia|year=1987 |publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-02469-3}} pp. 14, 48, 50.</ref>

The [[Zhangzhung]] revolted early in her son's reign. She shared power with the Gar (''Mgar'') clan. When her son Tridu campaigned in the northeast 700-4 CE, she resumed her administrative regency at home.<ref name="Petech">{{cite journal | author=Petech, Luciano | year=1988 |title=The Succession to the Tibetan Throne in 704-5 | journal=Orientalia Iosephi Tucci Memoriae Dicata, Serie Orientale Roma |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages= 1080–1087}}</ref>

Khri ma lod's grandson [[Me Agtsom|Gyältsugru]] (''Rgyal-gtsug-ru'') was born in 704 to her daughter-in-law Chimza Tsunmotog (''mChims-bza' bTsan-ma Thog-thog-sten''), Princess of Chim.<ref>''Ancient Tibet: Research materials from the Yeshe De Project'', pp. 238, 242. 1986. Dharma Publishing, California. {{ISBN|0-89800-146-3}}.</ref> Upon the death of Tridu Songtsen that year, his elder son [[Lha Balpo]] (''Lha Bal-pho'') briefly succeeded him before Khri ma lod dethroned him at Pong Lag-rang in favor of the infant Gyältsugru.<ref name="Petech" /><ref>{{cite book | author=Beckwith, C. I. |chapter=The Revolt of 755 in Tibet |pages= 1–14 | title=Weiner Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, Nos. 10-11, Proceedings of the Csoma de Kőrös Symposium Held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13–19 September 1981 | editor=Ernst Steinkellner and Helmut Tauscher | volume= 1-2 | location=Vienna |year= 1983}}</ref>

Khri ma lod had arranged for a royal marriage of Gyältsugru to a Chinese princess. The [[Princess Jincheng]] (金城公主, Tibetan: Kyimshang Kongjo) arrived in 710, but it is somewhat unclear whether she married the seven-year-old Gyältsugru<ref>{{cite journal | author=Zuiho Yamaguchi | year=1996 | title=The Fiction of King Dar-ma's persecution of Buddhism| journal= De Dunhuang au Japon: Études chinoises et bouddhiques offertes à Michel Soymié | location=Geneva | publisher=Librarie Droz S.A.}}, 232</ref> or the deposed Lha Balpo.<ref>Beckwith 1983: 276.</ref>

Khri ma lod died in 712. Gyältsugru was then officially enthroned with the royal name Tride Tsuktsän.<ref name="Petech" /> Khri ma lod remains the only woman in Tibetan history to rule Tibet.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Tibet_Heads.htm Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership]
*[http://studybuddhism.com/web/en/archives/e-books/unpublished_manuscripts/historical_interaction/pt1/history_cultures_05.html The Historical Interaction between the Buddhist and Islamic Cultures before the Mongol Empire]
{{Emperors of Tibet}}

[[Category:712 deaths]]
[[Category:7th-century Tibetan people]]
[[Category:8th-century Tibetan people]]
[[Category:7th-century women regents]]
[[Category:8th-century women regents]]
[[Category:7th-century empresses consort]]
[[Category:Empresses consort of Tibet]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhists]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:7th-century regents]]
[[Category:8th-century regents]]