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{{Short description|Occupation of unused land or derelict buildings without the permission of the owner}} |
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[[File:GUY_orthographic.svg|Guyana on the globe|alt=refer to caption|thumb|right]] |
[[File:GUY_orthographic.svg|Guyana on the globe|alt=refer to caption|thumb|right]] |
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'''Squatting in Guyana''' is the occupation of unused land or derelict buildings without the permission of the owner. Squatting has been used as a means to find housing by people displaced by conflict in the 1960s and by internal migrants from the 1980s onwards. In 2015, there were estimated to be over 100,000 squatters across the country. The government announced the National Squatter Regularisation Commission (NSRC) and the State Land Resettlement Commission in 2020, in the following year it allied with [[UN-Habitat]] to create the Guyana Strategy for Informal Settlements Upgrading and Prevention (GSISUP) which aims to regularize all [[informal settlements]] by 2030. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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Conflict in [[Guyana]] in the 1960s led to people [[squatting]] in racially demarcated [[informal settlements]]. When the government ceased to provide housing in the 1980s, people |
Conflict in [[Guyana]] in the 1960s led to people [[squatting]] in racially demarcated [[informal settlements]]. When the government ceased to provide housing in the 1980s, people started squatting again, mostly around [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]].<ref name="Self-help">{{cite book |editor-last1=Potter |editor-first1=Robert B. |editor-last2=Conway |editor-first2=Dennis |last1=Peake |first1=Linda |title=Self-help Housing, the Poor, and the State in the Caribbean |publisher=University of Tennessee Press |isbn=978-0-87049-963-0 |page=129 |year=1997 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_Ph6qCwLS8C |language=en |chapter=Declines and Revivals in Housing Policy in Guyana |access-date=2021-03-22 |archive-date=2021-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323111915/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Self_help_Housing_the_Poor_and_the_State/r_Ph6qCwLS8C |url-status=live }}</ref> At the [[Met-en-Meerzorg]] settlement, four-room houses were constructed with walls made from zinc or wood. As of 1997, there was no running water and there had been electricity since 1994.<ref name="Self-help" /> [[Plastic City, Guyana|Plastic City]] at [[Vreed en Hoop]] was occupied in the early 1990s with people living in wooden houses next to the ocean.<ref name="Stabroek">{{cite news |last1=Meusa |first1=Shamar |title=Plastic City residents still living in rough conditions |url=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2019/01/28/news/guyana/plastic-city-residents-still-living-in-rough-conditions/ |access-date=23 March 2021 |work=Stabroek News |date=28 January 2019 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323111936/https://www.stabroeknews.com/2019/01/28/news/guyana/plastic-city-residents-still-living-in-rough-conditions/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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A study by the Land Tenure Centre of the [[University of Wisconsin]] published in 2001 stated that knowing exactly how much squatting was happening was difficult because of the varied ways in which people illegally accessed land, such as exploitation of administrative loopholes, staying on land after leases had ended, incrementally taking more land than was originally owned, as well as the conventional form of occupying unused property. Land invasions were most frequent on former co-operative farms or beside railways and reserves.<ref name="Lemel">{{cite journal |last1=Lemel |first1=Harold |title=Patterns of Tenure Insecurity in Guyana |journal=Land Tenure Center Working Paper 43 |date=2001 |page=24}}</ref> |
A study by the Land Tenure Centre of the [[University of Wisconsin]] published in 2001 stated that knowing exactly how much squatting was happening was difficult because of the varied ways in which people illegally accessed land, such as exploitation of administrative loopholes, staying on land after leases had ended, incrementally taking more land than was originally owned, as well as the conventional form of occupying unused property. Land invasions were most frequent on former co-operative farms or beside railways and reserves.<ref name="Lemel">{{cite journal |last1=Lemel |first1=Harold |title=Patterns of Tenure Insecurity in Guyana |journal=Land Tenure Center Working Paper 43 |date=2001 |page=24}}</ref> |
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Since the late 2000s, the Ministry of Public Works has been planning to expand the [[Cheddi Jagan International Airport]] and therefore wanted to relocate squatters. By 2015, squatters were still being cleared.<ref name="MoPW">{{cite web |title=STATEMENT: Renewed squatting on CJIA's lands |url=https://mopw.gov.gy/posts/statement-renewed-squatting-cjias-lands |website=Ministry of Public Works |access-date=22 March 2021 |language=en |date=14 April 2015}}</ref> That year it was estimated that 27,570 families (over 100,000) people were squatting across the country.<ref name="UNH" /> |
Since the late 2000s, the Ministry of Public Works has been planning to expand the [[Cheddi Jagan International Airport]] and therefore wanted to relocate squatters. By 2015, squatters were still being cleared.<ref name="MoPW">{{cite web |title=STATEMENT: Renewed squatting on CJIA's lands |url=https://mopw.gov.gy/posts/statement-renewed-squatting-cjias-lands |website=Ministry of Public Works |access-date=22 March 2021 |language=en |date=14 April 2015 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323111920/https://mopw.gov.gy/posts/statement-renewed-squatting-cjias-lands |url-status=live }}</ref> That year it was estimated that 27,570 families (over 100,000) people were squatting across the country.<ref name="UNH" /> |
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From 2019 onwards, the issue of people squatting sugar plantations in the [[Essequibo Islands-West Demerara]] region became a controversial issue.<ref name="KN">{{cite news |last1=Dial |first1=Pat |title=Squatting |
From 2019 onwards, the issue of people squatting sugar plantations in the [[Essequibo Islands-West Demerara]] region became a controversial issue.<ref name="KN">{{cite news |last1=Dial |first1=Pat |title=Squatting – A malady to be eradicated |url=https://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2019/11/17/squatting-a-malady-to-be-eradicated/ |access-date=23 March 2021 |work=Kaieteur News |date=17 November 2019 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323111920/https://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2019/11/17/squatting-a-malady-to-be-eradicated/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="GC">{{cite news |last1=Dyal |first1=Pat |title=Revisiting the scourge of squatting |url=https://guyanachronicle.com/2020/11/22/revisiting-the-scourge-of-squatting/ |access-date=23 March 2021 |work=Guyana Chronicle |date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323111920/https://guyanachronicle.com/2020/11/22/revisiting-the-scourge-of-squatting/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same area there were also squatters on the Herstelling sea dam.<ref name="NRG">{{cite news |title=Authorities to address squatting on Herstelling sea dam |url=https://newsroom.gy/2020/11/17/authorities-to-address-squatting-on-herstelling-sea-dam/ |access-date=23 March 2021 |work=News Room Guyana |date=17 November 2020 |archive-date=5 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205055034/https://newsroom.gy/2020/11/17/authorities-to-address-squatting-on-herstelling-sea-dam/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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== Regularization plans == |
== Regularization plans == |
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[[File:Tapakuma Red Village - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Little Red Village near Lake Tapakuma. Little Red Village is a reallocation project for people living in shanty towns.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/04/06/news/guyana/little-red-village-is-one-year-old/ |title=Little Red Village is one year old |website=Stabroek News|access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref>]] |
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The Ministry of Housing and Water said in 2005 that it would regularize 165 squatted settlements by the following year.<ref name="IMF-97">{{cite news |title=Guyana: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Progress Report 2005 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2006/cr06364.pdf |work=IMF |date=2006 |page=97}}</ref> Between 2015 and 2020, the country was ruled by a coalition of [[A Partnership for National Unity]] (APNU) and [[Alliance for Change (Guyana)|Alliance for Change]] (AFC). ''The Guyana Times |
The Ministry of Housing and Water said in 2005 that it would regularize 165 squatted settlements by the following year.<ref name="IMF-97">{{cite news |title=Guyana: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Progress Report 2005 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2006/cr06364.pdf |work=IMF |date=2006 |page=97 |access-date=2021-03-22 |archive-date=2021-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310234943/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2006/cr06364.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Between 2015 and 2020, the country was ruled by a coalition of [[A Partnership for National Unity]] (APNU) and [[Alliance for Change (Guyana)|Alliance for Change]] (AFC). ''The Guyana Times'' then accused the Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission of giving land to APNU and AFC members.<ref name="GT-Land">{{cite news |title=Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission fleeced Guyana between 2015 and 2020 |url=https://guyanatimesgy.com/guyana-lands-and-survey-commission-fleeced-guyana-between-2015-and-2020/ |access-date=23 March 2021 |work=Guyana Times |date=21 October 2020 |archive-date=16 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116093530/https://guyanatimesgy.com/guyana-lands-and-survey-commission-fleeced-guyana-between-2015-and-2020/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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President [[David A. Granger]] announced in 2020 that the government would set up a National Squatter Regularisation Commission (NSRC) and a State Land Resettlement Commission. He said there were 178 informal settlements when his party came to power and he wanted to legalize them all.<ref name="GNA">{{cite news |title="I have a plan…" |url=https://guyananewsagency.com/2020-election/i-have-a-plan/ |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=Guyana News Agency |date=9 February 2020}}</ref> The following year the government announced it was teaming up with [[UN- |
President [[David A. Granger]] announced in 2020 that the government would set up a National Squatter Regularisation Commission (NSRC) and a State Land Resettlement Commission. He said there were 178 informal settlements when his party came to power and he wanted to legalize them all.<ref name="GNA">{{cite news |title="I have a plan…" |url=https://guyananewsagency.com/2020-election/i-have-a-plan/ |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=Guyana News Agency |date=9 February 2020}}</ref> Residents of Plastic City welcomed the initiative.<ref name="DPI">{{cite news |last1=Rodney |first1=Alexis |title=Plastic City residents welcome President's squatter resettlement plan |url=https://dpi.gov.gy/plastic-city-residents-welcome-presidents-squatter-resettlement-plan/ |access-date=23 March 2021 |work=Department of Public Information |date=7 February 2020 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129131655/https://dpi.gov.gy/plastic-city-residents-welcome-presidents-squatter-resettlement-plan/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The following year the government announced it was teaming up with [[UN-Habitat]] to make the Guyana Strategy for Informal Settlements Upgrading and Prevention (GSISUP), which plans to regularize all squatted areas by 2030.<ref name="UNH">{{cite news |last1=Staff writer |title=UN, Guyana collaborate to eradicate squatting by 2030 |url=https://guyanatimesgy.com/un-guyana-collaborates-to-eradicate-squatting-by-2030/ |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=Guyana Times |date=5 February 2021 |archive-date=21 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221105406/https://guyanatimesgy.com/un-guyana-collaborates-to-eradicate-squatting-by-2030/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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* [[Squatting in Suriname]] |
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* [[Plastic City, Guyana|Plastic City]] |
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* Tiger Bay |
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* [[Onderneeming]] |
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* [[Vreed en Hoop]] |
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* https://guyanachronicle.com/2020/11/22/revisiting-the-scourge-of-squatting/ |
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* http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2018/jun/21/guyana-government-wary-venezuelan-immigrants/ |
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* https://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2019/11/17/squatting-a-malady-to-be-eradicated/ |
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* https://guyanatimesgy.com/the-success-squatters/ |
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* https://newsroom.gy/2020/11/17/authorities-to-address-squatting-on-herstelling-sea-dam/ |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Guyana topics}} |
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{{Squatting}} |
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[[Category:20th century in Guyana]] |
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[[Category:21st century in Guyana]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:31, 22 March 2023
Squatting in Guyana is the occupation of unused land or derelict buildings without the permission of the owner. Squatting has been used as a means to find housing by people displaced by conflict in the 1960s and by internal migrants from the 1980s onwards. In 2015, there were estimated to be over 100,000 squatters across the country. The government announced the National Squatter Regularisation Commission (NSRC) and the State Land Resettlement Commission in 2020, in the following year it allied with UN-Habitat to create the Guyana Strategy for Informal Settlements Upgrading and Prevention (GSISUP) which aims to regularize all informal settlements by 2030.
History
[edit]Conflict in Guyana in the 1960s led to people squatting in racially demarcated informal settlements. When the government ceased to provide housing in the 1980s, people started squatting again, mostly around Georgetown.[1] At the Met-en-Meerzorg settlement, four-room houses were constructed with walls made from zinc or wood. As of 1997, there was no running water and there had been electricity since 1994.[1] Plastic City at Vreed en Hoop was occupied in the early 1990s with people living in wooden houses next to the ocean.[2]
A study by the Land Tenure Centre of the University of Wisconsin published in 2001 stated that knowing exactly how much squatting was happening was difficult because of the varied ways in which people illegally accessed land, such as exploitation of administrative loopholes, staying on land after leases had ended, incrementally taking more land than was originally owned, as well as the conventional form of occupying unused property. Land invasions were most frequent on former co-operative farms or beside railways and reserves.[3]
Since the late 2000s, the Ministry of Public Works has been planning to expand the Cheddi Jagan International Airport and therefore wanted to relocate squatters. By 2015, squatters were still being cleared.[4] That year it was estimated that 27,570 families (over 100,000) people were squatting across the country.[5]
From 2019 onwards, the issue of people squatting sugar plantations in the Essequibo Islands-West Demerara region became a controversial issue.[6][7] In the same area there were also squatters on the Herstelling sea dam.[8]
Regularization plans
[edit]
The Ministry of Housing and Water said in 2005 that it would regularize 165 squatted settlements by the following year.[10] Between 2015 and 2020, the country was ruled by a coalition of A Partnership for National Unity (APNU) and Alliance for Change (AFC). The Guyana Times then accused the Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission of giving land to APNU and AFC members.[11]
President David A. Granger announced in 2020 that the government would set up a National Squatter Regularisation Commission (NSRC) and a State Land Resettlement Commission. He said there were 178 informal settlements when his party came to power and he wanted to legalize them all.[12] Residents of Plastic City welcomed the initiative.[13] The following year the government announced it was teaming up with UN-Habitat to make the Guyana Strategy for Informal Settlements Upgrading and Prevention (GSISUP), which plans to regularize all squatted areas by 2030.[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Peake, Linda (1997). "Declines and Revivals in Housing Policy in Guyana". In Potter, Robert B.; Conway, Dennis (eds.). Self-help Housing, the Poor, and the State in the Caribbean. University of Tennessee Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-87049-963-0. Archived from the original on 2021-03-23. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
- ^ Meusa, Shamar (28 January 2019). "Plastic City residents still living in rough conditions". Stabroek News. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ Lemel, Harold (2001). "Patterns of Tenure Insecurity in Guyana". Land Tenure Center Working Paper 43: 24.
- ^ "STATEMENT: Renewed squatting on CJIA's lands". Ministry of Public Works. 14 April 2015. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ a b Staff writer (5 February 2021). "UN, Guyana collaborate to eradicate squatting by 2030". Guyana Times. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ Dial, Pat (17 November 2019). "Squatting – A malady to be eradicated". Kaieteur News. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ Dyal, Pat (22 November 2020). "Revisiting the scourge of squatting". Guyana Chronicle. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Authorities to address squatting on Herstelling sea dam". News Room Guyana. 17 November 2020. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Little Red Village is one year old". Stabroek News. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
- ^ "Guyana: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Progress Report 2005" (PDF). IMF. 2006. p. 97. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-10. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
- ^ "Guyana Lands and Surveys Commission fleeced Guyana between 2015 and 2020". Guyana Times. 21 October 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ ""I have a plan…"". Guyana News Agency. 9 February 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ Rodney, Alexis (7 February 2020). "Plastic City residents welcome President's squatter resettlement plan". Department of Public Information. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
