Cape Evans: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Headland in Antarctica}} |
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| image_name= File:Scott's hut at Cape Evans.jpg |
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| image_caption = Scott's Hut at Cape Evans |
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| map = Antarctica |
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| lon_min = 24 |
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| location = [[Antarctica]] |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|77|38|S|166|24|E|source:GNIS|display=it|name=Cape Evans}} |
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| marksize = 10 |
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| AlternativeMap = Antarctica relief location map.jpg |
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| label = Cape Evans |
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| caption = Location of '''Cape Evans'''<br />[[Antarctica]] |
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| country = Antarctica |
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| treaty_system = [[Antarctic Treaty System]] |
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'''Cape Evans''' ({{Coord|77|38|S|166|24|E|source:GNIS|name=Cape Evans}}) is a rocky cape on the west side of [[Ross Island]], [[Antarctica]], forming the north side of the entrance to [[Erebus Bay]].{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=227}} |
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{{TOC limit|2}} |
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[[File:Scott's hut at Cape Evans.jpg|thumb|right|Scott's Hut at Cape Evans]] |
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'''Cape Evans''' is a rocky cape on the west side of [[Ross Island]], [[Antarctica]], forming the north side of the entrance to [[Erebus Bay]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The cape was discovered by the [[British National Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04]], under [[Robert Falcon Scott]], who named it the "[[Skua]]ry" after the birds. Scott's second expedition, the [[British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13]], built its headquarters here, renaming the cape for [[Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans|Lieutenant Edward Evans]], [[Royal Navy]], second in command of the expedition. |
The cape was discovered by the [[British National Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04]], under [[Robert Falcon Scott]], who named it the "[[Skua]]ry" after the birds. Scott's second expedition, the [[British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13]], built its headquarters here, renaming the cape for [[Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans|Lieutenant Edward Evans]], [[Royal Navy]], second in command of the expedition.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=227}} |
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Scott's headquarters building still exists and is known as [[Scott's Hut]].{{sfn|Langner|2007|p=120}} |
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==Historic sites and monuments== |
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== Geography == |
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Scott's Hut has been designated a [[Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica|Historic Site or Monument]] (HSM 16), following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the [[Antarctic Treaty System|Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting]].<ref name=ats>{{cite web |url= http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM35/WW/atcm35_ww003_e.pdf|title= List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)|access-date=2013-10-27 |publisher=Antarctic Treaty Secretariat |year=2012}}</ref> |
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A number of features on or around Cape Evans have been charted and individually named by various Antarctic expeditions. |
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A cross on Windvane Hill, Cape Evans, was erected by the Ross Sea Party, led by [[Aeneas Mackintosh|Captain Aeneas Mackintosh]], of [[Ernest Shackleton|Sir Ernest Shackleton's]] [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]] of 1914–1917, in memory of three members of the party who died in the vicinity in 1916: [[Arnold Spencer-Smith]], [[Aeneas Mackintosh]] and [[Victor Hayward]]. The cross has been designated a [[Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica|Historic Site or Monument]] (HSM 17), following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the [[Antarctic Treaty System|Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting]].<ref name=ats/> |
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Three lakes - Skua Lake, Algal Lake, and Island Lake - are located on the cape. Skua Lake was named by the second British Antarctic Expedition because of the nearby skua [[rookery]].<ref name=gnis-SL>{{cite gnis | type = antarid | id=13993 | name=Skua Lake | accessdate=2020-05-28|links=off}}</ref> Midway between Skua Lake and Island Lake is a small, roughly circular meltwater [[lake]] called Algal Lake. It was named by [[United States Antarctic Research Program]] biologists David T. Mason, Charles R. Goldman and Brian J.B. Wood Jr., who studied the lake in the 1961–62 and 1962–63 seasons. The name derives from the striking mat of [[Cyanobacteria|blue-green algal]] remains around the leeward edge of the lake.<ref name=gnis-AL>{{cite gnis | type = antarid | id=264 | name=Algal Lake | accessdate=2020-05-28|links=off}}</ref> The final lake is Island Lake, which was apparently also named by members of the second British Antarctic Expedition.<ref name=gnis-IL>{{cite gnis | type = antarid | id = 7390| name = Island Lake | accessdate=2020-05-28|links=off}}</ref> |
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The whole site is protected as [[Antarctic Specially Protected Area]] (ASPA) No.155 largely because of its historic significance as one of the principal sites of early human activity in Antarctica.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ats.aq/documents/recatt/Att396_e.pdf|title= Cape Evans, Ross Island |access-date=2013-06-12 |work=Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 155: Measure 12, Annex |publisher=Antarctic Treaty Secretariat |year=2008}}</ref> |
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===Historic sites and monuments=== |
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==Lakes== |
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[[File:Ross Island Map USGS 250k.png|thumb|Cape Evans in southwest]] |
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===Skua Lake=== |
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{{coord|77|38|S|166|25|E}}. |
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A small lake close northwest of Island Lake at Cape Evans. |
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Named by the British Antarctic Expedition (1910–13) because of the nearby skua rookery.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=683}} |
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===Algal Lake=== |
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{{coord|77|38|S|166|25|E}}. |
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A small, roughly circular meltwater lake about midway between Skua Lake and Island Lake. |
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Named by USARP biologists David T. Mason, Charles R. Goldman and Brian J.B. Wood, Jr., who studied the lake in the 1961–62 and 1962-63 seasons. |
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The name derives from the striking mat of blue-green algal remains around the leeward edge of the lake.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=12}} |
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===Island Lake=== |
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{{coord|77|38|S|166|26|E}}. |
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A lake lying southeast of Skua Lake at Cape Evans. |
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It appears that the descriptive name was given by members of the British Antarctic Expedition (1910–13), who built their winter quarters hut at Cape Evans.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=364}} |
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==Other features== |
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Features around Cape Evans include North Bay, South Bay, Cape Evans Hut, Tryggve Point, Turks Head Bay, Turks Head, Inaccessible Island, Tent Island, Dellbridge Island, Little Razorback Island and Big Razorback Island.{{sfn|Ross Island USGS}} |
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===North Bay=== |
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{{coord|77|38|S|166|23|E}}. |
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A small bay on the north side of Cape Evans. |
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Named by members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=532}} |
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===Windvane Hill=== |
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[[File:Memorial Cross at Cape Evans.jpg|thumb|right|Memorial cross at Cape Evans]] |
[[File:Memorial Cross at Cape Evans.jpg|thumb|right|Memorial cross at Cape Evans]] |
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{{coord|77|38|S|166|24|E}}. |
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Scott's Hut has been designated a [[Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica|Historic Site or Monument]] (HSM 16), following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the [[Antarctic Treaty System|Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting]].<ref name=ats>{{cite web |url= http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM35/WW/atcm35_ww003_e.pdf|title= List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)|accessdate=2013-10-27 |work= |first= |last= |publisher=Antarctic Treaty Secretariat |year=2012}}</ref> |
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Small hill just northeast of the extremity of Cape Evans. |
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So named by the British Antarctic Expedition (1910–13) because an anemometer station was established on this site.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=819}} |
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===South Bay=== |
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A cross on Wind Vane Hill, Cape Evans, was erected by the Ross Sea Party, led by [[Aeneas Mackintosh|Captain Aeneas Mackintosh]], of [[Ernest Shackleton|Sir Ernest Shackleton's]] [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]] of 1914–1917, in memory of three members of the party who died in the vicinity in 1916: [[Arnold Spencer-Smith]], [[Aeneas Mackintosh]] and [[Victor Hayward]]. The cross has been designated a [[Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica|Historic Site or Monument]] (HSM 17), following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the [[Antarctic Treaty System|Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting]].<ref name=ats/> |
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{{coord|77|38|S|166|25|E}}. |
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A small bay on the south side of Cape Evans. |
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Named by members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=696}} |
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===The Ramp=== |
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The whole site is protected as [[Antarctic Specially Protected Area]] (ASPA) No.155 largely because of its historic significance as one of the principal sites of early human activity in Antarctica.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ats.aq/documents/recatt/Att396_e.pdf|title= Cape Evans, Ross Island |accessdate=2013-06-12 |work=Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 155: Measure 12, Annex |first= |last= |publisher=Antarctic Treaty Secretariat |year=2008}}</ref> |
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{{coord|-77.63202|166.429595}}. |
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A steep rocky slope {{convert|0.5|nmi}} inland from Cape Evans. The slope is {{convert|0.5|nmi}} long and rises to {{convert|50|m}}. |
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Descriptively named by the British Antarctic Expedition (BrAE), 1910-13.{{sfn|The Ramp USGS}} |
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===Pakaru Icefalls=== |
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{{coord|-77.630333|166.741909}}. |
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Icefalls between Cape Evans and Turks Head on the southwest shore of Ross Island. |
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The feature comprises a very irregular and broken glacial area to the north of Turks Head Ridge with ice descending to Erebus Bay. Descriptively named, Pakaru being a Maori word meaning "broken."{{sfn|Pakaru Icefalls USGS}} |
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===Tryggve Point=== |
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{{coord|77|39|S|166|42|E}}. |
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A point {{convert|1|nmi}} northwest of Turks Head. |
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First charted by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, under Scott, who named it for Tryggve Gran, Norwegian ski expert with the expedition.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=762}} |
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===Turks Head=== |
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{{coord|77|40|S|166|46|E}}. |
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A precipitous black headland over {{convert|200|m}} high, {{convert|5|nmi}} east-southeast of Cape Evans. |
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Discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–04) and so named because of its resemblance to a head swathed in a turban.{{sfn|Alberts|1995|p=764}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==Sources== |
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== External links == |
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{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFPakaru_Icefalls_USGS|CITEREFThe_Ramp_USGS}} |
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* [http://www.spitsbergen-svalbard.com/photos-panoramas-videos-and-webcams/antarctic-panoramas/ross-sea-cape-evans.html Cape Evans Panoramas] – panoramic photographs of Scott's hut at Cape Evans |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*{{citation|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/fedgov/70039167/report.pdf |accessdate=2024-01-30 |edition=2 |
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|editor-last=Alberts |title=Geographic Names of the Antarctic |editor-first=Fred G. |
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|publisher=[[United States Board on Geographic Names]]|year=1995}} {{Include-USGov |agency=United States Board on Geographic Names}} |
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*{{citation |location=London |publisher=Haus Publishing |ISBN=1-905791-08-9 |
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|last=Langner |first=Rainer |translator=Beech, Timothy |year=2007 |title=Scott and Amundsen: Duel in the Ice}} |
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*{{cite gnis2 |type=antarid |id=17735 |
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|name=Pakaru Icefalls}} |
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*{{citation |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RossIslandMap.jpg |accessdate=2024-01-30 |
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|title=Ross Island |publisher=USGS: United States Geological Survey |ref={{harvid|Ross Island USGS}} }} |
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*{{cite gnis2 |type=antarid |id=17943 |
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|name=The Ramp}} |
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{{refend}} |
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{{Include-USGov |agency=United States Geological Survey}} |
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{{ |
{{Ross Island}} |
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{{Portal bar|Geography}} |
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{{Antarctica}} |
{{Antarctica}} |
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{{Antarctic Specially Protected Areas}} |
{{Antarctic Specially Protected Areas}} |
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{{Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica|state=collapsed}} |
{{Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica|state=collapsed}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Coord|77|38|S|166|24|E|source:GNIS|display=title}} |
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[[Category:Headlands of Ross Island|Evans, Cape]] |
[[Category:Headlands of Ross Island|Evans, Cape]] |
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[[Category:Antarctic Specially Protected Areas]] |
[[Category:Antarctic Specially Protected Areas]] |
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[[Category:Historic Sites and Monuments of Antarctica]] |
[[Category:Historic Sites and Monuments of Antarctica]] |
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{{RossIsland-geo-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 15:39, 14 February 2024
 Scott's Hut at Cape Evans | |
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| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Antarctica |
| Coordinates | 77°38′S 166°24′E / 77.633°S 166.400°E |
| Administration | |
Antarctica | |
| Administered under the Antarctic Treaty System | |
Cape Evans (77°38′S 166°24′E / 77.633°S 166.400°E) is a rocky cape on the west side of Ross Island, Antarctica, forming the north side of the entrance to Erebus Bay.[1]
History
[edit]The cape was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition, 1901–04, under Robert Falcon Scott, who named it the "Skuary" after the birds. Scott's second expedition, the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, built its headquarters here, renaming the cape for Lieutenant Edward Evans, Royal Navy, second in command of the expedition.[1] Scott's headquarters building still exists and is known as Scott's Hut.[2]
Historic sites and monuments
[edit]Scott's Hut has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 16), following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.[3]
A cross on Windvane Hill, Cape Evans, was erected by the Ross Sea Party, led by Captain Aeneas Mackintosh, of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917, in memory of three members of the party who died in the vicinity in 1916: Arnold Spencer-Smith, Aeneas Mackintosh and Victor Hayward. The cross has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 17), following a proposal by New Zealand and the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.[3]
The whole site is protected as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.155 largely because of its historic significance as one of the principal sites of early human activity in Antarctica.[4]
Lakes
[edit]
Skua Lake
[edit]77°38′S 166°25′E / 77.633°S 166.417°E. A small lake close northwest of Island Lake at Cape Evans. Named by the British Antarctic Expedition (1910–13) because of the nearby skua rookery.[5]
Algal Lake
[edit]77°38′S 166°25′E / 77.633°S 166.417°E. A small, roughly circular meltwater lake about midway between Skua Lake and Island Lake. Named by USARP biologists David T. Mason, Charles R. Goldman and Brian J.B. Wood, Jr., who studied the lake in the 1961–62 and 1962-63 seasons. The name derives from the striking mat of blue-green algal remains around the leeward edge of the lake.[6]
Island Lake
[edit]77°38′S 166°26′E / 77.633°S 166.433°E. A lake lying southeast of Skua Lake at Cape Evans. It appears that the descriptive name was given by members of the British Antarctic Expedition (1910–13), who built their winter quarters hut at Cape Evans.[7]
Other features
[edit]Features around Cape Evans include North Bay, South Bay, Cape Evans Hut, Tryggve Point, Turks Head Bay, Turks Head, Inaccessible Island, Tent Island, Dellbridge Island, Little Razorback Island and Big Razorback Island.[8]
North Bay
[edit]77°38′S 166°23′E / 77.633°S 166.383°E. A small bay on the north side of Cape Evans. Named by members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13.[9]
Windvane Hill
[edit]
77°38′S 166°24′E / 77.633°S 166.400°E. Small hill just northeast of the extremity of Cape Evans. So named by the British Antarctic Expedition (1910–13) because an anemometer station was established on this site.[10]
South Bay
[edit]77°38′S 166°25′E / 77.633°S 166.417°E. A small bay on the south side of Cape Evans. Named by members of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13.[11]
The Ramp
[edit]77°37′55″S 166°25′47″E / 77.63202°S 166.429595°E. A steep rocky slope 0.5 nautical miles (0.93 km; 0.58 mi) inland from Cape Evans. The slope is 0.5 nautical miles (0.93 km; 0.58 mi) long and rises to 50 metres (160 ft). Descriptively named by the British Antarctic Expedition (BrAE), 1910-13.[12]
Pakaru Icefalls
[edit]77°37′49″S 166°44′31″E / 77.630333°S 166.741909°E. Icefalls between Cape Evans and Turks Head on the southwest shore of Ross Island. The feature comprises a very irregular and broken glacial area to the north of Turks Head Ridge with ice descending to Erebus Bay. Descriptively named, Pakaru being a Maori word meaning "broken."[13]
Tryggve Point
[edit]77°39′S 166°42′E / 77.650°S 166.700°E. A point 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) northwest of Turks Head. First charted by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13, under Scott, who named it for Tryggve Gran, Norwegian ski expert with the expedition.[14]
Turks Head
[edit]77°40′S 166°46′E / 77.667°S 166.767°E. A precipitous black headland over 200 metres (660 ft) high, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) east-southeast of Cape Evans. Discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–04) and so named because of its resemblance to a head swathed in a turban.[15]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Alberts 1995, p. 227.
- ^ Langner 2007, p. 120.
- ^ a b "List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)" (PDF). Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
- ^ "Cape Evans, Ross Island" (PDF). Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 155: Measure 12, Annex. Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2008. Retrieved 2013-06-12.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 683.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 12.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 364.
- ^ Ross Island USGS.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 532.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 819.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 696.
- ^ The Ramp USGS.
- ^ Pakaru Icefalls USGS.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 762.
- ^ Alberts 1995, p. 764.
Sources
[edit]- Alberts, Fred G., ed. (1995), Geographic Names of the Antarctic (PDF) (2 ed.), United States Board on Geographic Names, retrieved 2024-01-30
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Board on Geographic Names. - Langner, Rainer (2007), Scott and Amundsen: Duel in the Ice, translated by Beech, Timothy, London: Haus Publishing, ISBN 1-905791-08-9
- "Pakaru Icefalls", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior
- Ross Island, USGS: United States Geological Survey, retrieved 2024-01-30
- "The Ramp", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey.
