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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Short description|American pilot and wing walker}}
{{Short description|American pilot wing walker (1899–1981)}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = <!-- defaults to article title when left blank -->
| name = <!-- defaults to article title when left blank -->
| image = Gladys Ingle in 1923.png
| image = Gladys Ingle in 1923.png
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption = Gladys Ingle in 1923
| caption = Ingle in 1923
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1899|03|28}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1899|03|28}}
| birth_place = [[Walla Walla, Washington]] US
| birth_place = [[Walla Walla, Washington]], US
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1981|10|27|1899|03|28}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1981|10|27|1899|03|28}}
| death_place = [[Arroyo Grande, California]] US
| death_place = [[Arroyo Grande, California]], US
| nationality = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| nationality = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| other_names =
| other_names =
| occupation = {{plainlist|
| occupation = {{flatlist|
*[[Pilot]]
*Pilot
*[[Wing walker]]}}
*[[wing walker]]}}
| years_active =
| years_active =
| known_for = [[Wing walking]]
| known_for = [[Wing walking]]
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}}
}}


'''Gladys Ingle''' (March 28, 1899 - October 27, 1981) was a [[Aircraft pilot|pilot]], a [[wing walker]] and a member of the aerial stunt team, [[The Thirteen Black Flying Cats]].
'''Gladys Ingle''' (March 28, 1899 &ndash; October 27, 1981) was an American pilot, a [[wing walker]] and a member of the aerial stunt team the [[13 Black Cats]].


Ingle was the fourth female pilot from the United States. She began performing jumps from balloons for the [[C.P.O. Aerial Circus]] in 1921. By 1922 she began doing stunts involving airplanes. Through her performances in the 1920s and 1930s, she became world-renowned for her [[stunts]] and wing walking.
Ingle was the fourth licensed woman pilot from the United States.<ref name=Obituary/> She began performing jumps from balloons for the C.P.O. Aerial Circus in 1921. By 1922, she had begun doing stunts involving airplanes. Through her performances in the 1920s and 1930s, she became world-renowned for her [[aerobatics]] and wing walking.


==Early life==
==Early life==
On March 28, 1899, Gladys Ingle was born in [[Walla Walla, Washington]]. She had two brothers and one sister.<ref name=Obituary>{{cite news |author=<!--no byline--> |date=4 November 1981 |title=Gladys Ingle |publisher=Times-Press-Recorder |page=18 |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-press-recorder-gladys-ingle/128109954/ |access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref> In 1929, she said as a child growing up in [[Oregon]] she walked on fences and created [[stilts]] so tall that she had to mount them from the roof of her home. She then began racing motorcycles before moving to [[Southern California]].<ref name=Ballard>{{cite news |last=Ballard |first=Peggy |date=24 July 1929 |title=Clouds Her Playground |publisher=Los Angeles Evening Post-Record |via=Newspapers.com |page=1 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/los-angeles-evening-post-record-gladys-i/90773929/ |access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref>
On March 28, 1899, Gladys Ingle was born in [[Walla Walla, Washington]]. She had two brothers and one sister.<ref name=Obituary>{{cite news |author=<!--no byline--> |date=November 4, 1981 |title=Gladys Ingle |newspaper=Times-Press-Recorder |page=18 |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-press-recorder-gladys-ingle/128109954/ |access-date=July 12, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713025554/https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-press-recorder-gladys-ingle/128109954/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023}}</ref> In 1929, she said as a child growing up in [[Oregon]] she walked on fences and created [[stilts]] so tall that she had to mount them from the roof of her home. She then began racing motorcycles, before moving to [[Southern California]].<ref name=Ballard>{{cite news |last=Ballard |first=Peggy |date=July 24, 1929 |title=Clouds Her Playground |newspaper=Los Angeles Evening Post-Record |via=Newspapers.com |page=1 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/los-angeles-evening-post-record-gladys-i/90773929/ |access-date=July 12, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713025551/https://www.newspapers.com/article/los-angeles-evening-post-record-gladys-i/90773929/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
[[File:Gladys Ingle mid-air tire change.mpg|thumb|Gladys Ingle changing a tire in mid-air]]
[[File:Gladys Ingle mid-air tire change.mpg|thumb|Gladys Ingle changing a wheel in mid-air]]
Ingle was only the fourth woman to earn a pilot license.<ref name=Obituary/> In 1921, she and her sister Ann both performed as members of the [[C.P.O. Aerial Circus]] parachuting out of balloons. In 1922, she performed her first stunt involving an airplane when she and her sister performed an airplane parachute race jumping from separate planes.<ref name=Ann>{{cite news |author=<!--no byline--> |date=6 January 1922 |title=Ann and Gladys Ingle Will Race in Separate Airplanes Here Sunday |publisher=San Pedro Daily Pilot |via=Newspapers.com |page=2 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-pilot-gladys-ingle/128115391/ |access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref>
Ingle was the fourth woman to earn a pilot license. In 1921, she and her sister Ann both performed as members of the C.P.O. Aerial Circus, parachuting out of balloons. In 1922, she performed her first stunt involving an airplane when she and her sister performed an airplane parachute race jumping from separate planes.<ref name=Ann>{{cite news |author=<!--no byline--> |date=January 6, 1922 |title=Ann and Gladys Ingle Will Race in Separate Airplanes Here Sunday |newspaper=San Pedro Daily Pilot |via=Newspapers.com |page=2 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-pilot-gladys-ingle/128115391/ |access-date=July 12, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713025550/https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-pilot-gladys-ingle/128115391/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023}}</ref>


[[File:Gladys Ingle is preparing to "change" from Bon MacDougall's Jenny to Art Goebel's aircraft.jpg|thumb|Gladys Ingle is preparing to move from Bon MacDougall's Jenny to Art Goebel's aircraft mid-air]]
[[File:Gladys Ingle is preparing to "change" from Bon MacDougall's Jenny to Art Goebel's aircraft.jpg|thumb|Gladys Ingle is preparing to move from Bon MacDougall's Jenny to Art Goebel's aircraft mid-air]]


Gladys Ingle became the only female member of [[The Thirteen Black Flying Cats]].<ref name=Obituary/> She performed in aerial stunts during the 1920s and 1930s.<ref name=Stunts>{{cite news |author=<!--no byline--> |date=14 October 1922 |title=Complete program for Fair Announced by the Bulletin |publisher=The Bulletin |via=Newspapers.com |number=225 |page=1 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bulletin-gladys-ingle-stunts/128111191/ |access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=Ballard/> She was renowned for her [[stunts]] and [[wing walking]].<ref name=Obituary/> Some of her stunts included moving from plane to plane in mid-air, and flying on the wing of a plane while it passed under a bridge.<ref name=Obituary/> One of Ingle's stunts involved changing a tire in mid-air.<ref name=Obituary/><ref name=Daredevil>{{cite news |author=<!--no byline--> |date=7 October 1926 |title=Daredevil Girl in Thrilling Stunt |publisher=The Fresno Morning Republican |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-fresno-morning-republican-gladys-ing/115794794/ |access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref> In 1926, she saved stunt pilot [[Art Goebel]] by replacing a tire that fell off his plane during a stunt. Ingle strapped a spare wheel on her back and went up on the wing of a stunt plane. In mid-air, she moved onto the wing of Goebel's plane. She then installed the wheel and Goebel made a safe landing.<ref name=Daredevil/><ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Peter C. |year=2022 |title=Barnstormers, Wing-Walking and Flying Circuses |publisher=Pen & Sword Air World |location=Great Britain |isbn=9781526794185 |oclc=1267686970}}</ref> In another stunt, she also shot arrows at targets while wing walking. When asked if she ever got scared, she said: "Nothing to it at all, nothing to it." She claimed to have been involved in several forced landings and plane crashes.<ref name=Ballard/> One of her most daring stunts was to stand on the wing of an aircraft while it "looped the loop".<ref name=loop>{{cite news |author=<!--no byline--> |date=20 October 1923 |title=Tract Plans Air Thrill Sunday |publisher=Los Angeles Evening Express |via=Newspapers.com |page=31 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/los-angeles-evening-express-gladys-ingle/128115766/ |access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref>
Gladys Ingle became the only female member of the 13 Black Cats.<ref name=Obituary/> She performed in aerial stunts during the 1920s and 1930s.<ref name=Stunts>{{cite news |author=<!--no byline--> |date=October 14, 1922 |title=Complete program for Fair Announced by the Bulletin |newspaper=The Bulletin |via=Newspapers.com |number=225 |page=1 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bulletin-gladys-ingle-stunts/128111191/ |access-date=July 12, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713025556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bulletin-gladys-ingle-stunts/128111191/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023}}</ref><ref name=Ballard/> She was renowned for her [[stunts]] and [[wing walking]].<ref name=Obituary/> Some of her stunts included moving from plane to plane in mid-air, and flying on the wing of a plane while it passed under a bridge.<ref name=Obituary/> One of Ingle's stunts involved replacing a wheel in mid-air.<ref name=Obituary/><ref name=Daredevil>{{cite news |author=<!--no byline--> |date=October 7, 1926 |title=Daredevil Girl in Thrilling Stunt |newspaper=The Fresno Morning Republican |via=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-fresno-morning-republican-gladys-ing/115794794/ |access-date=July 12, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713025552/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-fresno-morning-republican-gladys-ing/115794794/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023}}</ref> A wheel would conveniently fall off an airplane. Ingle would strap a spare wheel on her back and rendezvous with the "stricken" plane. In mid-air, she would climb to the top of the upper wing of the second plane and transfer to the bottom wing of the plane in distress. She would then climb down to the landing gear and install the wheel.<ref name=Daredevil/><ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Peter C. |year=2022 |title=Barnstormers, Wing-Walking and Flying Circuses |publisher=Pen & Sword Air World |location=Great Britain |isbn=9781526794185 |oclc=1267686970}}</ref> This was filmed on at least one occasion.


In another stunt, she would shoot arrows at targets while wing walking. When asked if she ever got scared, she said, "Nothing to it at all, nothing to it." She claimed to have been involved in several forced landings and plane crashes.<ref name=Ballard/> One of her most daring stunts was to stand on the wing of an aircraft while it "looped the loop".<ref name=loop>{{cite news |author=<!--no byline--> |date=October 20, 1923 |title=Tract Plans Air Thrill Sunday |newspaper=Los Angeles Evening Express |via=Newspapers.com |page=31 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/los-angeles-evening-express-gladys-ingle/128115766/ |access-date=July 12, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713025553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/los-angeles-evening-express-gladys-ingle/128115766/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023}}</ref>
⚫
In 1928, ''[[The San Bernardino County Sun]]'' reported that Ingle doubled for movie stars and appeared in films.<ref name=SBCS>{{cite news |date=7 October 1928 |title=Girl Dare-Devil to Thrill Air Fans |publisher=The San Bernardino County Sun |page=1 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-bernardino-county-sun-gladys-ing/128114265/ |access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref> [[IMDb]] shows that she was a stunt performer in the 1933 film [[The Phantom of the Air|''The Phantom of the Air'']].<ref name=IMDb>{{cite web |title=Gladys Ingle |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12481029/ |website=IMDb |publisher=IMDb |access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref> In her career, she successfully transferred from the wing of one aircraft to the wing of another in mid-air more than 300 times.<ref name=Thirteen300>{{cite web |title=The 13 Flying Black Cats |website=San Diego Air & Space Museum |url=https://sandiegoairandspace.org/exhibits/online-exhibit-page/the-13-flying-black-cats |publisher=The San Diego Air & Space Museum |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kelly |first=Shawna |year=2008 |title=Aviators in Early Hollywood |publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]] |location=Charleston, SC |isbn=9780738559025 |oclc=227914919 |pages=45}}</ref>

⚫
In 1928, ''[[The San Bernardino County Sun]]'' reported that Ingle doubled for movie stars and appeared in films.<ref name=SBCS>{{cite news |date=October 7, 1928 |title=Girl Dare-Devil to Thrill Air Fans |newspaper=The San Bernardino County Sun |page=1 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-bernardino-county-sun-gladys-ing/128114265/ |access-date=July 12, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713030056/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-bernardino-county-sun-gladys-ing/128114265/ |archive-date=July 13, 2023}}</ref> In her career, she successfully transferred from the wing of one aircraft to the wing of another in mid-air more than 300 times.<ref name=Thirteen300>{{cite web |title=The 13 Flying Black Cats |website=San Diego Air & Space Museum |url=https://sandiegoairandspace.org/exhibits/online-exhibit-page/the-13-flying-black-cats |publisher=The San Diego Air & Space Museum |access-date=July 15, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601094124/https://sandiegoairandspace.org/exhibits/online-exhibit-page/the-13-flying-black-cats |archive-date=June 1, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kelly |first=Shawna |year=2008 |title=Aviators in Early Hollywood |publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing]] |location=Charleston, SC |isbn=9780738559025 |oclc=227914919 |page=45}}</ref>


==Personal life and legacy==
==Personal life and legacy==
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[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:Wing walkers]]
[[Category:American aviators]]
[[Category:American skydivers]]
[[Category:American stunt performers]]
[[Category:American women aviators]]
[[Category:Stunt pilots]]
[[Category:Stunt pilots]]
[[Category:Women]]
[[Category:Wing walkers]]
[[Category:Women stunt performers]]

Latest revision as of 22:11, 6 May 2024

Gladys Ingle
Ingle in 1923
Born(1899-03-28)March 28, 1899
Walla Walla, Washington, US
DiedOctober 27, 1981(1981-10-27) (aged 82)
Arroyo Grande, California, US
Occupations
Known forWing walking

Gladys Ingle (March 28, 1899 – October 27, 1981) was an American pilot, a wing walker and a member of the aerial stunt team the 13 Black Cats.

Ingle was the fourth licensed woman pilot from the United States.[1] She began performing jumps from balloons for the C.P.O. Aerial Circus in 1921. By 1922, she had begun doing stunts involving airplanes. Through her performances in the 1920s and 1930s, she became world-renowned for her aerobatics and wing walking.

Early life

[edit]

On March 28, 1899, Gladys Ingle was born in Walla Walla, Washington. She had two brothers and one sister.[1] In 1929, she said as a child growing up in Oregon she walked on fences and created stilts so tall that she had to mount them from the roof of her home. She then began racing motorcycles, before moving to Southern California.[2]

Career

[edit]
Gladys Ingle changing a wheel in mid-air

Ingle was the fourth woman to earn a pilot license. In 1921, she and her sister Ann both performed as members of the C.P.O. Aerial Circus, parachuting out of balloons. In 1922, she performed her first stunt involving an airplane when she and her sister performed an airplane parachute race jumping from separate planes.[3]

Gladys Ingle is preparing to move from Bon MacDougall's Jenny to Art Goebel's aircraft mid-air

Gladys Ingle became the only female member of the 13 Black Cats.[1] She performed in aerial stunts during the 1920s and 1930s.[4][2] She was renowned for her stunts and wing walking.[1] Some of her stunts included moving from plane to plane in mid-air, and flying on the wing of a plane while it passed under a bridge.[1] One of Ingle's stunts involved replacing a wheel in mid-air.[1][5] A wheel would conveniently fall off an airplane. Ingle would strap a spare wheel on her back and rendezvous with the "stricken" plane. In mid-air, she would climb to the top of the upper wing of the second plane and transfer to the bottom wing of the plane in distress. She would then climb down to the landing gear and install the wheel.[5][6] This was filmed on at least one occasion.

In another stunt, she would shoot arrows at targets while wing walking. When asked if she ever got scared, she said, "Nothing to it at all, nothing to it." She claimed to have been involved in several forced landings and plane crashes.[2] One of her most daring stunts was to stand on the wing of an aircraft while it "looped the loop".[7]

In 1928, The San Bernardino County Sun reported that Ingle doubled for movie stars and appeared in films.[8] In her career, she successfully transferred from the wing of one aircraft to the wing of another in mid-air more than 300 times.[9][10]

Personal life and legacy

[edit]

Ingle made her home in Southern California. In 1981, she moved to Arroyo Grande, California, to live with her daughter Bonnie. She died at her daughter's home on October 27, 1981.[1]

Pictures and films of Gladys Ingle exist in aviation museums and at the Smithsonian Air & Space Museum.[1]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gladys Ingle.
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Gladys Ingle". Times-Press-Recorder. November 4, 1981. p. 18. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^ a b c Ballard, Peggy (July 24, 1929). "Clouds Her Playground". Los Angeles Evening Post-Record. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "Ann and Gladys Ingle Will Race in Separate Airplanes Here Sunday". San Pedro Daily Pilot. January 6, 1922. p. 2. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "Complete program for Fair Announced by the Bulletin". The Bulletin. No. 225. October 14, 1922. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ a b "Daredevil Girl in Thrilling Stunt". The Fresno Morning Republican. October 7, 1926. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ Brown, Peter C. (2022). Barnstormers, Wing-Walking and Flying Circuses. Great Britain: Pen & Sword Air World. ISBN 9781526794185. OCLC 1267686970.
  7. ^ "Tract Plans Air Thrill Sunday". Los Angeles Evening Express. October 20, 1923. p. 31. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ "Girl Dare-Devil to Thrill Air Fans". The San Bernardino County Sun. October 7, 1928. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  9. ^ "The 13 Flying Black Cats". San Diego Air & Space Museum. The San Diego Air & Space Museum. Archived from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
  10. ^ Kelly, Shawna (2008). Aviators in Early Hollywood. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 45. ISBN 9780738559025. OCLC 227914919.
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