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{{Short description|American Society for promotion of Physics}}
{{Short description|American non-profit organization}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2022}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
| name = American Institute of Physics
| name = American Institute of Physics
| image = AIP American Institute of Physics.png
| image = AIP Logo.png
| size = 120
| size = 120
| alt = <!-- alt text; see [[WP:ALT]] -->
| alt = <!-- alt text; see [[WP:ALT]] -->
| caption =
| caption =
| abbreviation = AIP
| abbreviation = AIP
| motto =
| motto =
| goal =
| goal =
| formation = 1931
| formation = 1931
| extinction = <!-- date of extinction, optional -->
| extinction = <!-- date of extinction, optional -->
| type = [[501(c) organization|501(c)(3) not-for-profit membership corporation]]<ref name=home/>
| type = [[501(c) organization|501(c)(3) not-for-profit membership corporation]]<ref name=home/>
| status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc -->
| status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc -->
| purpose = Promoting the advancement and diffusion of the knowledge of physics and its application to human welfare.<ref name=home/>
| purpose = Promoting the advancement and diffusion of the knowledge of physics and its application to human welfare.<ref name=home/>
| headquarters = American Center for Physics (ACP)
| headquarters = American Center for Physics (ACP)
| location = College Park, Maryland
| location = College Park, Maryland
| coords = <!-- Coordinates of location using a coordinates template -->
| coords = <!-- Coordinates of location using a coordinates template -->
| region_served =
| region_served =
| membership = 120,000 scientists, engineers, educators, and students<ref name=home/>
| membership = 120,000 scientists, engineers, educators, and students<ref name=home/>
| language = <!-- official languages -->
| language = <!-- official languages -->
| leader_title = CEO
| leader_title = CEO
| leader_name = Michael H. Moloney
| leader_name = Michael H. Moloney
| main_organ = <!-- gral. assembly, board of directors, etc -->
| main_organ = <!-- gral. assembly, board of directors, etc -->
| parent_organization = <!-- if one -->
| parent_organization = <!-- if one -->
| affiliations = <!-- if any -->
| affiliations = <!-- if any -->
| num_staff =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| num_volunteers =
| budget = 75 million [[USD]]<ref name=gov>{{cite web |url = https://www.aip.org/aip/leadership
| budget = 75 million [[USD]]<ref name=gov>{{cite web |url = https://www.aip.org/aip/leadership
|title = Organization and Governance |date = n.d. |access-date = December 12, 2018 |website = AIP &#124; American Institute of Physics}} </ref>
|title = Organization and Governance |date = n.d. |access-date = December 12, 2018 |website = AIP &#124; American Institute of Physics}}</ref>
| website = [http://www.aip.org/ www.aip.org]
| website = {{official URL}}
| remarks =
| remarks =
}}
}}


The '''American Institute of Physics''' ('''AIP''') promotes science and the profession of physics, publishes physics journals, and produces publications for scientific and engineering societies. The AIP is made up of various member societies. Its corporate headquarters are at the American Center for Physics in [[College Park, Maryland]], but the institute also has offices in [[Melville, New York]], and [[Beijing]].<ref name=home>{{cite web |url = https://www.aip.org/aip/about-aip |title = About AIP |website = AIP &#124; American Institute of Physics |date = n.d. |access-date = December 12, 2018}}</ref>
The '''American Institute of Physics''' ('''AIP''') promotes science and the profession of physics, publishes physics journals, and produces publications for scientific and engineering societies. The AIP is made up of various member societies. Its corporate headquarters are at the American Center for Physics in [[College Park, Maryland]], but the institute also has offices in [[Melville, New York]], and [[Beijing]].<ref name=home>{{cite web |url = https://www.aip.org/aip/about-aip |title = About AIP |website = AIP &#124; American Institute of Physics |date = n.d. |access-date = December 12, 2018}}</ref>


⚫
==Historical overview==
==Core activities==
The AIP was founded in 1931 as a response to lack of funding for the sciences during the [[Great Depression]].<ref name=history>[//www.aip.org/aip/history "History of AIP"]. American Institute of Physics. July 2010.</ref> The AIP was founded in 1931 at a joint meeting between four physics societies: the [[American Physical Society]], the [[Optical Society of America]], the [[Acoustical Society of America]], and the [[Society of Rheology]]. These were soon joined by the [[American Association of Physics Teachers]], for a total of five societies.<ref name=Barton1943>{{cite journal | last=Barton | first=Henry A. | last2=Burnham | first2=George H. | title=The American Institute of Physics | journal=Science | publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science | volume=97 | issue=2512 | year=1943 | issn=0036-8075 | jstor=1669465 | pages=172–176 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1669465 | access-date=2024-05-26}}</ref> It formally incorporated in 1932 consisting of five original "member societies", and a total of four thousand members. As soon as the AIP was established it began publishing scientific journals.<ref name=history_journals>{{cite web |author=Harry Lustig| title=TO ADVANCE AND DIFFUSE THE KNOWLEDGE OF PHYSICS: An account of the one-hundred year history of the American Physical Society | website=aps.org | date=May 1999 | url=https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/199907/upload/history_lustig.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602074706/https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/199907/upload/history_lustig.pdf | archive-date=2011-06-02 | url-status=dead | access-date=2024-05-26}}</ref> By 1943, the AIP published eight journals: [[Physical Review]], [[Reviews of Modern Physics]], [[Journal of the Optical Society of America]], [[Journal of the Acoustical Society of America]], [[American Journal of Physics]], [[Review of Scientific Instruments]], [[Journal of Applied Physics]], and [[Journal of Chemical Physics]].<ref name=Barton1943 />
The focus of the AIP appears to be organized around a set of core activities. The first delineated activity is to support member societies regarding essential society functions. This is accomplished by annually convening the various society officers to discuss common areas of concern. A range of topics is discussed which includes scientific publishing, public policy issues, membership-base issues, philanthropic giving, science education, science careers for a diverse population, and a forum for sharing ideas.<ref name=home/>


A new set of member societies was added beginning in the mid-1960s.<ref name=history_journals />
Another core activity is publishing the science of physics in research journals, magazines, and conference proceedings. Member societies continue nevertheless to publish their own journals.


The organization restructured in 2013, creating a new subsidiary, ''AIP Publishing LLC'', to manage physical publications of its journals with a smaller board.<ref>{{cite web |author=Michael Lucibella| title=AIP Reorganizes its Publishing Operations | website=American Physical Society | date=2013-05-01 | url=https://www.aps.org/apsnews/2013/05/aip-reorganizes-its-publishing-operations | access-date=2024-05-26}}</ref>
Other core activities are tracking employment and education trends with six decades of coverage, being a liaison between research science and industry, historical collections and [[physics outreach]] programs, and supporting science education initiatives and supporting undergraduate physics. One other core activity is as an advocate for science policy to the U.S. Congress and the general public.<ref name=home/>

⚫
==Historical overview==
The AIP was founded in 1931 as a response to lack of funding for the sciences during the [[Great Depression]]. It formally incorporated in 1932 consisting of five original "member societies", and a total of four thousand members. A new set of member societies was added beginning in the mid-1960s. As soon as the AIP was established it began publishing scientific journals.<ref name=history>[//www.aip.org/aip/history "History of AIP"]. American Institute of Physics. July 2010.</ref>


==Member societies==
==Member societies==
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*[[American Physical Society]]
*[[American Physical Society]]
*[[American Vacuum Society]]
*[[American Vacuum Society]]
*[[Optical Society]]
*[[Optica (society)|Optica]]
*[[Society of Rheology]]
*[[Society of Rheology]]
}}
}}
[[File:American Center for Physics.jpg|alt=The American Center for Physics, in College Park, Maryland|thumb|The American Center for Physics, in College Park, Maryland]]


==Affiliated societies==
==Affiliated societies==
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* [[Polymer Processing Society]]
* [[Polymer Processing Society]]
* [[Society for Applied Spectroscopy]]
* [[Society for Applied Spectroscopy]]
* [[Society of Physics Students]]
* [[SPIE]]
* [[SPIE]]
}}
}}


==List of publications==
==List of publications==
{{main cat|American Institute of Physics academic journals}}
{{main|List of AIP Publishing academic journals}}


{{anchor|AIP Publishing}}The AIP has a subsidiary called ''AIP Publishing'' (wholly owned non-profit) dedicated to scholarly publishing by the AIP and its member societies, as well on behalf of other partners.<ref>[https://publishing.aip.org/about-aip-publishing About AIP Publishing]</ref>
{{anchor|AIP Publishing}}The AIP has a subsidiary called ''AIP Publishing'' (wholly owned non-profit) dedicated to scholarly publishing by the AIP and its member societies, as well on behalf of other partners.<ref>[https://publishing.aip.org/about-aip-publishing About AIP Publishing]</ref>
Line 96: Line 97:
* ''[[AIP Advances]]''
* ''[[AIP Advances]]''
* ''[[AIP Conference Proceedings]]''
* ''[[AIP Conference Proceedings]]''
* ''APL Bioengineering''
* ''[[APL Materials]]''
* ''[[APL Materials]]''
* ''[[APL Photonics]]''
* ''[[APL Photonics]]''
* ''[[Applied Physics Letters]]''
* ''[[Applied Physics Letters]]''
* ''[[Applied Physics Reviews]]''
* ''[[Biomicrofluidics]]''
* ''[[Biomicrofluidics]]''
* ''Biophysics Reviews''
* ''Chemical Physics Reviews''
* ''[[History of Physics Newsletter]]''
* ''[[History of Physics Newsletter]]''
* ''[[Journal of Applied Physics]]''
* ''[[Journal of Applied Physics]]''
Line 116: Line 121:
}}
}}


==Awards and prizes==
==AIP style==
{{main|AIP style}}
;Andrew Gemant Award
AIP created a [[manual of style]] first introduced in 1951, called '''AIP style''', which also includes the '''AIP citation format'''.<ref name=aip4ed>
The [[Andrew Gemant Award]] is awarded to a person who has made substantial cultural, artistic, or humanistic contributions to physics. The award is named after the physicist [[Andrew Gemant]].
{{cite book |last= |first= |date=1990 |title=AIP Style Manual - Prepared under the Direction of the AIP Publication Board |edition=4th |url=https://publishing.aip.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/AIP_Style_4thed.pdf |publisher=American Institute of Physics |chapter= |page= |isbn=978-0-88318-642-8 |oclc=471598204 }}

</ref> It is the most commonly used style and citation format in physics publications.<ref name=lipson2006>
;Tate Medal for International Leadership in Physics
{{cite book | last=Lipson | first=Charles | title=Cite Right | publisher=University of Chicago Press | publication-place=Chicago | date=2006 | isbn=978-0-226-48475-4 |oclc=62533865}}</ref><ref name=VT>
Presented for distinguished service to the profession of physics by a non-U.S. national
{{cite web |url=https://guides.lib.vt.edu/find/citation-style-manuals/aip |title=Citation and style manuals - American Institute of Physics (AIP) |last= |first= |date= |website=Virginia Tech |publisher= |access-date=2023-10-25 |quote=}}</ref><ref name=USC>

{{cite web |url=https://libguides.usc.edu/c.php?g=974981&p=7048534 |title=Science & Engineering Citation Style Guide: American Institute of Physics (AIP) |last= |first= |date= |website=USC Libraries |publisher= |access-date=2023-10-26 |quote=}}
;Compton Medal for Leadership in Physics
</ref>
Presented for distinguished statesmanship in science

;Prize for Industrial Applications of Physics
Sponsored by General Motors, the award is presented biennially to publicize the value of physics research in industry

;Dannie Heineman Astrophysics Prize
The [[Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics]], sponsored jointly with the American Astronomical Society, recognizes accomplishments in theoretical astrophysics. Named in honour of the Belgian-American engineer [[Dannie Heineman]].
;Dannie Heineman Mathematical Physics Prize
The [[Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics]], sponsored jointly with the American Physical Society, recognizes accomplishments in mathematical physics

;Abraham Pais Award for History of Physics
The [[Abraham Pais Prize for History of Physics]] recognizes outstanding scholarly achievements in the history of physics. Named in honour of the science historian and particle physicist [[Abraham Pais]].

;Meggers Project Award
Awarded biennially for projects designed to improve high school physics

;Fluid Dynamics Prize
Recognizes outstanding achievement in research with demonstrated major impact on the discipline, jointly sponsored with the American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics

==AIP Style==
Just as the [[American Chemical Society]] has its own style called [[ACS style|ACS Style]], AIP has its own citation style called '''AIP Style''' which is commonly used in physics.<ref>[https://web.mit.edu/me-ugoffice/communication/aip_style_4thed.pdf AIP STYLE MANUAL, 4 ed.]</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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*[http://www.acp.org/ American Center for Physics website]
*[http://www.acp.org/ American Center for Physics website]


=== Archival collections ===

==== Niels Bohr Library & Archives ====

* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1N813C343957R.391145&profile=rev-all&source=~!horizon&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100006~!33913~!0&ri=1&aspect=power&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=AMERICAN+CENTER+FOR+PHYSICS,+BOARD+OF+DIRECTORS.+RECORDS+OF+BERNARD+KHOURY,+1990-2005.&index=.GW&uindex=&aspect=power&menu=search&ri=1 American Center for Physics Board of Directors records of Bernard Khoury, 1990–2005]
* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1N813C343957R.391145&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=10&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=rev-all&ri=2&source=%7E%21horizon&index=.GW&term=ADDITION%2C+AMERICAN+CENTER+FOR+PHYSICS%2C+BOARD+OF+DIRECTORS+RECORDS+OF+BERNIE+KHOURY%2C+2005+-+2009&x=12&y=15&aspect=power American Center for Physics Board of Directors records of Bernard Khoury, 2005–2009]
* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=C6813942XT466.391533&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=10&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=rev-all&ri=&index=.GW&term=AIP+NEWS+SERVICES+DIVISION+DISCOVERIES+AND+BREAKTHROUGHS+INSIDE+SCIENCE+%28DBIS%29+MASTER+TAPES%2C+1999-2011&oper=AND&x=0&y=0&aspect=power&index=.TW&term=&oper=AND&index=.AW&term=&oper=AND&index=.SW&term=&ultype=&uloper=%3D&ullimit=&ultype=&uloper=%3D&ullimit=&sort= <nowiki>AIP News Services Division Discoveries and Breakthroughs Inside Science (DBIS) master tapes [videorecording], 1999–2011</nowiki>]
* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=C6813942XT466.391533&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=10&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=rev-all&ri=3&source=%7E%21horizon&index=.GW&term=AIP+ADVERTISING+DIVISION+RECORDS+OF+EDWARD+P.+TOBER%2C+1956-1975&x=0&y=0&aspect=power AIP Advertising Division records of Edward P. Tober, 1956–1975]
* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=C6813942XT466.391533&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=10&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=rev-all&ri=2&source=%7E%21horizon&index=.GW&term=AMERICAN+INSTITUTE+OF+PHYSICS+CAREER+SERVICES+MISCELLANEOUS+PUBLICATIONS%2C+1960-1998&x=11&y=15&aspect=power AIP Career Services miscellaneous publications, 1960–1998]
* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=C6813942XT466.391533&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=10&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=rev-all&ri=3&source=%7E%21horizon&index=.GW&term=AIP+CENTER+FOR+HISTORY+OF+PHYSICS.+HISTORY+OF+PHYSICISTS+IN+INDUSTRY+RECORDS%2C+2003-2008&x=0&y=0&aspect=power AIP Center for History of Physics History of Physicists in Industry records, 2003–2008]
* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=C6813942XT466.391533&profile=rev-all&source=~!horizon&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100006~!24068~!3&ri=11&aspect=power&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=HISTORY+OF+PHYSICS+MISCELLANEOUS+PUBLICATIONS&index=.GW&uindex=&aspect=power&menu=search&ri=11 AIP Center for History of Physics miscellaneous publications, 1963–2017]
* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=C6813942XT466.391533&profile=rev-all&source=~!horizon&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100006~!3886~!0&ri=18&aspect=power&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=AMERICAN+INSTITUTE+OF+PHYSICS.+OFFICE+OF+THE+DIRECTOR.+RECORDS+OF+VAN+ZANDT+WILLIAMS,+1964+-+1966&index=.GW&uindex=&aspect=power&menu=search&ri=18 AIP Office of the Director Van Zandt Williams records, 1964–1966]
* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=C6813942XT466.391533&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=10&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=rev-all&ri=2&source=%7E%21horizon&index=.GW&term=AMERICAN+INSTITUTE+OF+PHYSICS+PHYSICS+RESOURCES+CENTER+RECORDS+OF+JAMES+STITH%2C+1987-2009&x=21&y=13&aspect=power AIP Physics Resources Center records of James Stith, 1987–2009]
* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=C6813942XT466.391533&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=10&ipp=20&spp=20&profile=rev-all&ri=2&source=%7E%21horizon&index=.GW&term=AMERICAN+INSTITUTE+OF+PHYSICS+OFFICE+OF+THE+DIRECTOR+RECORDS+OF+KENNETH+FORD%2C+1979-1994.&x=7&y=12&aspect=power AIP Office of the Director records of Kenneth Ford, 1979–1994]
* [https://libserv.aip.org/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=C6813942XT466.391533&profile=rev-all&source=~!horizon&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100006~!5209~!0&ri=2&aspect=power&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=RECORDS+OF+AMERICAN+INSTITUTE+OF+PHYSICS.+OFFICE+OF+THE+DIRECTOR,+H.+WILLIAM+KOCH+AND+KENNETH+FORD,+1966-1992.&index=.GW&uindex=&aspect=power&menu=search&ri=2 AIP Office of the Director H. William Koch and Kenneth W. Ford records, 1966–1992]
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:American Institute of Physics| ]]
[[Category:American Institute of Physics| ]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1931]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1931]]

Latest revision as of 05:13, 29 June 2024

American Institute of Physics
AbbreviationAIP
Formation1931
Type501(c)(3) not-for-profit membership corporation[1]
PurposePromoting the advancement and diffusion of the knowledge of physics and its application to human welfare.[1]
HeadquartersAmerican Center for Physics (ACP)
Location
  • College Park, Maryland
Membership
120,000 scientists, engineers, educators, and students[1]
CEO
Michael H. Moloney
Budget
75 million USD[2]
Websitewww.aip.org Edit this at Wikidata

The American Institute of Physics (AIP) promotes science and the profession of physics, publishes physics journals, and produces publications for scientific and engineering societies. The AIP is made up of various member societies. Its corporate headquarters are at the American Center for Physics in College Park, Maryland, but the institute also has offices in Melville, New York, and Beijing.[1]

Historical overview

[edit]

The AIP was founded in 1931 as a response to lack of funding for the sciences during the Great Depression.[3] The AIP was founded in 1931 at a joint meeting between four physics societies: the American Physical Society, the Optical Society of America, the Acoustical Society of America, and the Society of Rheology. These were soon joined by the American Association of Physics Teachers, for a total of five societies.[4] It formally incorporated in 1932 consisting of five original "member societies", and a total of four thousand members. As soon as the AIP was established it began publishing scientific journals.[5] By 1943, the AIP published eight journals: Physical Review, Reviews of Modern Physics, Journal of the Optical Society of America, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, American Journal of Physics, Review of Scientific Instruments, Journal of Applied Physics, and Journal of Chemical Physics.[4]

A new set of member societies was added beginning in the mid-1960s.[5]

The organization restructured in 2013, creating a new subsidiary, AIP Publishing LLC, to manage physical publications of its journals with a smaller board.[6]

Member societies

[edit]
The American Center for Physics, in College Park, Maryland
The American Center for Physics, in College Park, Maryland

Affiliated societies

[edit]

List of publications

[edit]
Main article: List of AIP Publishing academic journals

The AIP has a subsidiary called AIP Publishing (wholly owned non-profit) dedicated to scholarly publishing by the AIP and its member societies, as well on behalf of other partners.[7]

AIP style

[edit]
Main article: AIP style

AIP created a manual of style first introduced in 1951, called AIP style, which also includes the AIP citation format.[8] It is the most commonly used style and citation format in physics publications.[9][10][11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "About AIP". AIP | American Institute of Physics. n.d. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  2. ^ "Organization and Governance". AIP | American Institute of Physics. n.d. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  3. ^ "History of AIP". American Institute of Physics. July 2010.
  4. ^ a b Barton, Henry A.; Burnham, George H. (1943). "The American Institute of Physics". Science. 97 (2512). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 172–176. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1669465. Retrieved May 26, 2024.
  5. ^ a b Harry Lustig (May 1999). "TO ADVANCE AND DIFFUSE THE KNOWLEDGE OF PHYSICS: An account of the one-hundred year history of the American Physical Society" (PDF). aps.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 2, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2024.
  6. ^ Michael Lucibella (May 1, 2013). "AIP Reorganizes its Publishing Operations". American Physical Society. Retrieved May 26, 2024.
  7. ^ About AIP Publishing
  8. ^ AIP Style Manual - Prepared under the Direction of the AIP Publication Board (PDF) (4th ed.). American Institute of Physics. 1990. ISBN 978-0-88318-642-8. OCLC 471598204.
  9. ^ Lipson, Charles (2006). Cite Right. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-48475-4. OCLC 62533865.
  10. ^ "Citation and style manuals - American Institute of Physics (AIP)". Virginia Tech. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  11. ^ "Science & Engineering Citation Style Guide: American Institute of Physics (AIP)". USC Libraries. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
[edit]

Archival collections

[edit]

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

[edit]
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