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{{short description|Chinese examination for admission to senior high schools}}
{{short description|Junior high school graduation exam in China}}
{{Chinese
{{Chinese
|order=st
| order = st
|s=高级中等学校招生考试
| s = 初中学业水平考试
|t=高級中等學校招生考試
| t = 初中學業程度考試
| p =
|p=gāojí zhōngděng xuéxiào zhāoshēng kǎoshì
|altname=Secondary Education Exam
|c2={{linktext|中|考}}
|p2=Zhōngkǎo
}}
}}


The '''Senior High School Entrance Examination''', commonly known as the '''zhongkao''' (Chinese: 中考, {{lit|Middle Exam}}), is the academic examination held annually in the [[Mainland China]] to distinguish [[junior high school]] graduates. This examination is a prerequisite for entrance into almost all education institutions at the senior high school level, such as common senior high schools (普通高中), secondary skill schools (中专), vocational high schools, and technical high schools. It is usually taken by students in their last year of [[junior high school]].<ref>{{cite web |title=我国启动新一轮中考改革{{!}}重点聚焦我国启动新一轮中考改革{{!}}中国教育{{!}}中国教育和科研计算机网CERNET |url=https://www.edu.cn/html/e/zkgg/index.shtml |website=www.edu.cn |access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref>
The '''Junior High School Scholastic Aptitude Examination''' ({{Lang-zh|s=初中学业水平考试|labels=no}}), commonly abbreviated as the '''Zhongkao''' ({{zh|中考|labels=no}}), is the examination for junior high school graduation in China.<ref>{{cite web |title=我国启动新一轮中考改革{{!}}重点聚焦我国启动新一轮中考改革{{!}}中国教育{{!}}中国教育和科研计算机网CERNET |url=https://www.edu.cn/html/e/zkgg/index.shtml |website=www.edu.cn |access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref> The exam scores are used for both junior high school graduation and senior high school admissions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=北京发布初中学业水平考试实施方案-新华网 |url=http://www.news.cn/2023-12/01/c_1130004582.htm |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=www.news.cn}}</ref>
However, it is mostly organised at a provincial level, which gives rise to a great variety of content and difficulty.<ref>{{cite web |title=教育部：2024年实现中考省级统一命题--教育--人民网 |url=http://edu.people.com.cn/n1/2022/0407/c1006-32393186.html |website=edu.people.com.cn |access-date=1 March 2023}}</ref>

Before the Senior High School Entrance Examination, many provinces will hold two simulation exams (called the first/second preliminary exam, or 一模/二模), and some provinces mandate three practice examinations. The Senior High School Entrance Examination problems are usually made by province, but few provinces delegate the power of creating problems to cities. This exam is the second examination system recovered after the [[Cultural Revolution]]. It takes place in early June every year, however in few place it takes place in late June or even early July.

In 1980, the decades when the exams were recovered, the [[Graduation Examination of Junior High School]] and the Senior High School Entrance Examination were the same exam. If the students failed the Senior High School Entrance Examination, then they could not graduate from the junior high school, even if there was a senior high school that would admit them. These students were refused by all senior high schools because of "failure in graduation from junior high school" (初中肄业), which is what is commonly called “sending back the document” (退档). However some places had a system to makeup the Senior High School Entrance Examination. Since mid-1990s, the Graduation Examination of Junior High School has become separated from the Senior High School Entrance Examination, but some provinces and cities (such as Shanghai) the two exams are still combined.


==See also==
==See also==
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==References==
==References==
⚫
{{Reflist}}{{Education of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.zhongkao.com/ Website of the Senior High School Entrance Examination]{{in lang|zh-cn}}
*[http://www.cqjy.com/ Chongqing Educational and Science Institution]{{in lang|zh-cn}}
*[http://edu.sina.com.cn/zhongkao/index.shtml Sina，Zhongkao]{{in lang|zh-cn}}
*[https://archive.today/20121129212030/http://www.neea.edu.cn/index.jsp The Examination Centre of the Ministry of Education in China]{{in lang|zh-cn}}
*[http://www.moe.gov.cn/ the Ministry of Education in China]{{in lang|zh-cn}}
*[http://examda.com/zhongkao/zixun/fenxi/20070405/110910583.html Beijing Senior High School Entrance Examination in 2007]{{in lang|zh-cn}}
*[http://www.bjeea.edu.cn/ Official website of educational examination in Beijing]{{in lang|zh-cn}}
*[http://www.hneao.edu.cn/ Official website of educational examination in Hunan]{{in lang|zh-cn}}
*[http://www.hebeea.edu.cn Official website of educational examination in Hebei]{{in lang|zh-cn}}
*[http://www.shmeea.com.cn Official website of educational examination in Shanghai]{{in lang|zh-cn}}
*[http://www.zjzs.net/ Official website of educational examination in Zhejiang]{{in lang|zh-cn}}
*[http://www.51a.gov.cn/ Admission examination website in Shenzhen]{{in lang|zh-cn}}


⚫
{{Education of the People's Republic of China}}


[[Category:Academic pressure in East Asian culture]]
[[Category:Academic pressure in East Asian culture]]
[[Category:Secondary education in China]]
[[Category:Secondary education in China]]
[[Category:National exams in China]]

Latest revision as of 09:22, 4 July 2024

Zhongkao
Simplified Chinese初中学业水平考试
Traditional Chinese初中學業程度考試
Transcriptions

The Junior High School Scholastic Aptitude Examination (初中学业水平考试), commonly abbreviated as the Zhongkao (中考), is the examination for junior high school graduation in China.[1] The exam scores are used for both junior high school graduation and senior high school admissions.[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "我国启动新一轮中考改革|重点聚焦我国启动新一轮中考改革|中国教育|中国教育和科研计算机网CERNET". www.edu.cn. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  2. ^ "北京发布初中学业水平考试实施方案-新华网". www.news.cn. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
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