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Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser KCSI (14 November 1848 – 26 February 1919) was a British officer of the Indian Civil Service and the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal between 1903 and 1908.^[1]^[2]

Early life and education

Born in Bombay on 14 November 1848,^[3] Fraser was educated at the Edinburgh Academy before being called to the Bar at the Middle Temple.^[4] He was a son of Rev. Alexander Garden Fraser (1814–1904) and Joanna Maria Shaw (1823–1864).

Career

He joined the Indian Civil Service in 1871, serving in the Central Provinces for nearly thirty years. During his service he rose to be the Chief Commissioner of Central Provinces in 1899.^[4]

In December 1902, Fraser was picked as the new Lieutenant Governor of Bengal, following the sudden death of Sir John Woodburn the previous month.^[5]^[1] He did not take up the position until the middle of 1903, however, first finishing his duties as President of the Indian Police Commission.^[6]

Fraser retained the position of Governor of the Western province of Bengal following the 1905 Partition of Bengal. However, his role in the planning of partition of Bengal, earned him notoriety among nationalist agitators, with a notable assassination attempt in 1907 which attempted to derail his train.^[4] Another assassination attempt in November 1908 involved a pistol which failed to go off, the would-be assassin later declaring that he wanted to show Bengalis that even the Lieutenant-Governor was not invincible.^[7]^[8]

He was succeeded in 1908 by Sir William Baker.

He was elected President of The Asiatic Society for 1905–07.

In 1897, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI), and he was knighted with the KCSI in the 1903 Durbar Honours.^[9]^[10]

Fraser 's published works include his memoirs Among Indian Rajahs and Ryots published in 1909, and India under Curzon and After published in 1911. He lived his final years at 22 Heriot Row in Edinburgh's Second New Town.^[11]

Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser died on 26 February 1919. He is buried in Dean Cemetery in Edinburgh, on the south wall of the north section, backing onto the original cemetery. The stone is very distinctive, carrying a St Andrews Cross in red granite by McGlashan.

He is also the founder and the first principal of one of the biggest and most popular public school Rajkumar College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

Family

His wife Henrietta died in 1952. Their children included the cricketers Patrick and Charles Fraser MC (d.1929) and the soldier Cpt Harry Lugard Fraser^[12] and Professor Alec Garden Fraser, principal of Trinity College.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b Christie 2005, p. 123
^ "Sitter: Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser (1848-1919)". Lafayette Negative Archive.
^ 1851 and 1861 Scotland Census, 1871 England Census
^ ^a ^b ^c Islam, Sirajul (2012), "Fraser, Sir Andrew", in Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
^ "Announcement". The Times. No. 36958. London. 23 December 1902. p. 7.
^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36976. London. 13 January 1903. p. 7.
^ "Sir Andrew Fraser. Attempt At Assassination". The North Western Advocate and The Emu Bay Times. Tasmania, Australia. 5 December 1908. p. 5. Retrieved 27 December 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "People Talked About". The World's News. No. 367. New South Wales, Australia. 26 December 1908. p. 8. Retrieved 27 December 2018 – via National Library of Australia., ...Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser, M.A., LL.D-, K.C.S.I.. Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal...
^ "New Year Honours". The Times. No. 36966. London. 1 January 1903. p. 8.
^ "No. 27511". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1903. pp. 1–4.
^ Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1911
^ Grave of Sir Andrew Fraser, Dean Cemetery
^ "India's Loyalty". The West Australian. Vol. XXXI, no. 4, 089. Western Australia. 11 May 1915. p. 8. Retrieved 27 December 2018 – via National Library of Australia.

Christie, Stuart (2005), Worlding Forster: The Passage from Pastoral, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-97214-0.

External links

Works by or about Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser at Wikisource

Preceded by Sir John Woodburn	Lieutenant-governor of Bengal 1903–1906	Succeeded by Francis Slacke

[Christie123-1] Christie 2005, p. 123

[2] "Sitter: Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser (1848-1919)". Lafayette Negative Archive.

[3] 1851 and 1861 Scotland Census, 1871 England Census

[Banglapedia-4] Islam, Sirajul (2012), "Fraser, Sir Andrew", in Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh

[5] "Announcement". The Times. No. 36958. London. 23 December 1902. p. 7.

[6] "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36976. London. 13 January 1903. p. 7.

[7] "Sir Andrew Fraser. Attempt At Assassination". The North Western Advocate and The Emu Bay Times. Tasmania, Australia. 5 December 1908. p. 5. Retrieved 27 December 2018 – via National Library of Australia.

[8] "People Talked About". The World's News. No. 367. New South Wales, Australia. 26 December 1908. p. 8. Retrieved 27 December 2018 – via National Library of Australia., ...Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser, M.A., LL.D-, K.C.S.I.. Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal...

[9] "New Year Honours". The Times. No. 36966. London. 1 January 1903. p. 8.

[10] "No. 27511". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1903. pp. 1–4.

[11] Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1911

[12] Grave of Sir Andrew Fraser, Dean Cemetery

[13] "India's Loyalty". The West Australian. Vol. XXXI, no. 4, 089. Western Australia. 11 May 1915. p. 8. Retrieved 27 December 2018 – via National Library of Australia.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|British officer of the Indian Civil Service (1848-1919)}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
+{{Use British English|date=September 2017}}
 [[File:Sir Andrew Fraser.jpg|thumb|Sir Andrew Fraser]]
+[[File:The grave of Sir Andrew Fraser, Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh.jpg|thumb|The grave of Sir Andrew Fraser, Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh]]
-'''Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser''', [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] (14 November 1848&nbsp;– 26 February 1919) was an [[Indian Civil Service|Indian Civil Servant]] and the [[List of Governors of Bengal|Lieutenant Governor of Bengal]] between 1903 and 1908.<ref name=Christie123>{{Harvnb|Christie|2005|p=123}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sitter: Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser (1848-1919).|url=http://lafayette.org.uk/fra3644.html|publisher=Lafayette Negative Archive}}</ref>
+'''Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCSI}} (14 November 1848&nbsp;– 26 February 1919) was a British officer of the [[Indian Civil Service]] and the [[List of governors of Bengal Presidency#Lieutenant Governors of Bengal (1854–1912)|Lieutenant Governor of Bengal]] between 1903 and 1908.<ref name=Christie123>{{Harvnb|Christie|2005|p=123}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sitter: Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser (1848-1919).|url=http://lafayette.org.uk/fra3644.html|publisher=Lafayette Negative Archive}}</ref>
 ==Early life and education==
-Born in Bombay on 14th Nov, 1848,<ref>1851 and 1861 Scotland Census, 1871 England Census</ref> Fraser was educated at the [[Edinburgh Academy]] before being called to the Bar at the [[Middle Temple]].<ref name=Banglapedia>{{Citation | last= Islam
+Born in Bombay on 14 November 1848,<ref>1851 and 1861 Scotland Census, 1871 England Census</ref> Fraser was educated at the [[Edinburgh Academy]] before being called to the Bar at the [[Middle Temple]].<ref name=Banglapedia>{{Citation |last=Islam |first=Sirajul |year=2012 |chapter=Fraser, Sir Andrew |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Fraser,_Sir_Andrew |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> He was a son of Rev. Alexander Garden Fraser (1814–1904) and Joanna Maria Shaw (1823–1864).
- | first=Sirajul | author-link= | title=Fraser, Sir Andrew | newspaper=[[Banglapedia]], Asiatic society of Bangladesh| publication-place= | volume= | issue= | page= | url=http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/F_0175.htm}}</ref> He was a son of Rev. Alexander Garden Fraser (1814-1904) and Joanna Maria Shaw (1823-1864).
 ==Career==
-He joined the [[Indian Civil Service]] in 1871, serving in the [[Central Provinces]] for nearly thirty years. In 1897, he was appointed a CSI and was knighted with the KCSI in 1902.  During his service he rose to be the Chief Commissioner of Central Provinces in 1899 followed by President of Police Commission in 1902.<ref name=Banglapedia/> In 1903, he was selected the successor of James Bourdillon to the post of the [[List of Governors of Bengal|Lieutenant Governor of Bengal]].<ref name=Christie123/>
+He joined the [[Indian Civil Service]] in 1871, serving in the [[Central Provinces]] for nearly thirty years. During his service he rose to be the [[List of governors of the Central Provinces and Berar|Chief Commissioner of Central Provinces]] in 1899.<ref name=Banglapedia/>
+In December 1902, Fraser was picked as the new [[List of governors of Bengal Presidency#Lieutenant Governors of Bengal (1854–1912)|Lieutenant Governor of Bengal]], following the sudden death of [[John Woodburn (civil servant)|Sir John Woodburn]] the previous month.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Announcement|date=23 December 1902 |page=7 |issue=36958}}</ref><ref name=Christie123/> He did not take up the position until the middle of 1903, however, first finishing his duties as President of the Indian Police Commission.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Court Circular |date=13 January 1903 |page=7 |issue=36976}}</ref>
-Fraser retained the position of Governor of the Western province of Bengal following the [[1905 Partition of Bengal]]. However, his role in the planning of partition of Bengal, earned him notoriety among nationalist agitators, with a notable assassination attempt in 1907 which attempted to derail his train.<ref name=Banglapedia/>
+Fraser retained the position of Governor of the Western province of Bengal following the [[1905 Partition of Bengal]]. However, his role in the planning of partition of Bengal, earned him notoriety among nationalist agitators, with a notable assassination attempt in 1907 which attempted to derail his train.<ref name=Banglapedia/> Another assassination attempt in November 1908 involved a pistol which failed to go off, the would-be assassin later declaring that he wanted to show Bengalis that even the Lieutenant-Governor was not invincible.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article65163466 |title=Sir Andrew Fraser. Attempt At Assassination. |newspaper=[[The North Western Advocate and The Emu Bay Times]] |location=Tasmania, Australia |date=5 December 1908 |access-date=27 December 2018 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133968936 |title=People Talked About. |newspaper=[[The World's News]] |issue=367 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=26 December 1908 |access-date=27 December 2018 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}, ''...Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser, M.A., LL.D-, K.C.S.I.. Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal...''</ref>
-Another assassination attempt in November 1908 involved a pistol which failed to go off, the would-be assassin later declaring that he wanted to show Bengalis that even the Lieutenant-Governor was not invincible.
 He was succeeded in 1908 by Sir William Baker.
+He was elected President of [[The Asiatic Society]] for 1905–07.
-Fraser 's published works include his memoirs ''Among Indian Rajahs and Ryots'' published in 1909, and ''India under Curzon and After'' published in 1911.
+In 1897, he was appointed a Companion of the [[Order of the Star of India]] (CSI), and he was knighted with the KCSI in the [[1903 New Year Honours|1903 Durbar Honours]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=New Year Honours |date=1 January 1903 |page=8 |issue=36966}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27511|date=1 January 1903 |pages=1–4  |supp=y}}</ref>
+Fraser 's published works include his memoirs ''Among Indian Rajahs and Ryots'' published in 1909, and ''India under Curzon and After'' published in 1911. He lived his final years at 22 Heriot Row in [[New Town, Edinburgh|Edinburgh's Second New Town]].<ref>Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1911</ref>
 Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser died on 26 February 1919. He is buried in [[Dean Cemetery]] in [[Edinburgh]], on the south wall of the north section, backing onto the original cemetery. The stone is very distinctive, carrying a St Andrews Cross in red granite by McGlashan.
+He is also the founder and the first principal of one of the biggest and most popular public school [[Rajkumar College, Raipur]], Chhattisgarh, India.
-[[File:The grave of Sir Andrew Fraser, Dean Cemetery.JPG|thumb|The grave of Sir Andrew Fraser, Dean Cemetery]]
+==Family==
+His wife Henrietta died in 1952. Their children included the cricketers [[Patrick Fraser (cricketer)|Patrick]] and [[Charles Fraser (cricketer)|Charles Fraser]] {{postnominal|country=GBR|MC}} (d.1929) and the soldier Cpt Harry Lugard Fraser<ref>Grave of Sir Andrew Fraser, Dean Cemetery</ref> and Professor [[Alec Garden Fraser]], principal of Trinity College.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26941683 |title=India's Loyalty. |newspaper=[[The West Australian]] |volume=XXXI |issue=4,089 |location=Western Australia |date=11 May 1915 |access-date=27 December 2018 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
 *{{Citation
  | surname1 = Christie
- | given1 = Staurt
+ | given1 = Stuart
  | year = 2005
  | title = Worlding Forster: The Passage from Pastoral
- | url =
  | publisher = Routledge
  | ISBN= 0-415-97214-0
@@ Line 35: / Line 45: @@
 ==External links==
 {{wikisource author-inline}}
+{{s-start}}
+{{succession box|title=[[List of British rulers and high officials in Bengal|Lieutenant-governor of Bengal]]|years=1903–1906|before= [[John Woodburn (civil servant)|Sir John Woodburn]] |after= [[Francis Slacke]]}}
+{{s-end}}
 {{Authority control}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Fraser, Andrew William
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British colonial administrator
-| DATE OF BIRTH     = 14 November 1848
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 26 February 1919
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Fraser, Andrew Henderson Leith}}
 [[Category:1848 births]]
 [[Category:1919 deaths]]
+[[Category:People educated at Edinburgh Academy]]
+[[Category:Scottish lawyers]]
 [[Category:Lieutenant-governors of Bengal]]
 [[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
 [[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
-[[Category:Scottish civil servants]]
+[[Category:20th-century Scottish civil servants]]
-[[Category:Administrators in British India]]
+[[Category:Presidents of The Asiatic Society]]
-[[Category:People educated at Edinburgh Academy]]
+[[Category:Burials at the Dean Cemetery]]
-[[Category:Scottish lawyers]]
-{{Scotland-bio-stub}}
-{{SAsia-stub}}

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