Siege of Herat (652): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Part of the Islamic conquest of Sassanid Persia}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox military conflict |
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|conflict=Siege of Herat |
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|partof=the [[Muslim conquest of Persia]]| |
|partof=the [[Muslim conquest of Persia]]| |
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|date=652 |
|date=652 |
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|place=[[Herat]], [[Afghanistan]] |
|place=[[Herat]], [[Afghanistan]] |
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|combatant2= [[Rashidun Caliphate]] |
|combatant2= [[Rashidun Caliphate]] |
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|commander1= Unknown |
|commander1= Unknown |
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{{Campaignbox Muslim Conquest Persia}} |
{{Campaignbox Muslim Conquest Persia}} |
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The '''Siege of Herat''' was part of the [[Islamic conquest of Persia]]. Caliph [[Umar]] (634-644 CE) launched an offensive against the [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanid Persian Empire]] in 642 and by 651 the Empire was destroyed and almost all parts of Persia was conquered, except parts of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] which was still held by Sasanian loyalists and their [[Hephthalite]] allies. A veteran military commander, [[Ahnaf ibn Qais]], was appointed by the [[caliph]] for the conquest of Khurasan, which in those time comprises most of present-day north eastern [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]] and [[Turkmenistan]]. In 652, he defeated the ruler of Herat and made a treaty with him. However, the ruler of Herat along with the [[House of Karen|Karenids]] and many other natives of Khorasan, later rebelled against the Arabs, but were defeated at the [[Battle of Badghis|battle of Badghis]]. |
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The '''siege of Herat''' was part of the [[Islamic conquest of Persia]] which was commanded by [[Ahnaf ibn Qais]]. |
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==Background== |
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Caliph [[Umar]] (634-644) launched an offensive against the [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanid Persian Empire]] in 642, and by 651 the Empire was destroyed. However, parts of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] were held by Sasanian loyalists helped by their [[Hephthalite]] allies. |
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In 651 the mission of conquering Khurasan was assigned to Ahnaf ibn Qais by [[Abdullah ibn Aamir]]. Abdullah started to march in 650 from [[Fars Province|Fars]] and took a short and less frequent route via [[Rey, Iran|Rayy]], while Ahnaf then marched north directly to [[Merv]], in present-day Turkmenistan.<ref>''The Muslim Conquest of Persia'' by A.I. Akram. Ch:17. 1 September 2009 {{ISBN|0-19-597713-0}},</ref> Later Ahnaf was sent by Abdullah to lead the vanguard of banu Tamim and 1000 Asawira through Quhistan. The people of Tabasyin later revolted from the caliphate just to be reconquered by Ahnaf who now exacted heavier tool of tax. Ahnaf continued to advance. At first Herat agreed peace and pay Jizya.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=jFIORCFTA78C&q=herat&pg=PA215 The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History edited by Touraj Daryaee]</ref> |
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== Battle == |
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In 652, Ahnaf was forced to attack Herat again after the latter was once again revolting. He defeated the ruler of Herat and once again made a treaty with him. However, the ruler of Herat along with the [[House of Karen|Karenids]] and many other natives of Khorasan, later rebelled against the Arabs, but were defeated at the [[battle of Badghis]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Islamic conquest of Persia]] |
*[[Islamic conquest of Persia]] |
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*[[History of Arabs in Afghanistan]] |
*[[History of Arabs in Afghanistan]] |
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*[[Muslim conquests]] |
*[[Early Muslim conquests]] |
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*[[Sassanid Empire]] |
*[[Sassanid Empire]] |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}} |
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{{coord missing|Afghanistan}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Herat, Siege Of}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Herat, Siege Of}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:652]] |
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[[Category:Battles involving the Hephthalites]] |
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[[Category:Battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate]] |
[[Category:Battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate]] |
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[[Category:History of Herat Province]] |
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[[Category:Herat]] |
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[[Category:650s conflicts]] |
[[Category:650s conflicts]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Sieges of Herat]] |
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[[Category:Sieges involving the Sasanian Empire]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:28, 24 August 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2015) |
| Siege of Herat | |||||||||
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| Part of the Muslim conquest of Persia | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
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House of Karen Hephthalites | Rashidun Caliphate | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Unknown | Ahnaf ibn Qais | ||||||||
  Location within Afghanistan | |||||||||
The siege of Herat was part of the Islamic conquest of Persia which was commanded by Ahnaf ibn Qais.
Background
[edit]Caliph Umar (634-644) launched an offensive against the Sassanid Persian Empire in 642, and by 651 the Empire was destroyed. However, parts of Khorasan were held by Sasanian loyalists helped by their Hephthalite allies.
In 651 the mission of conquering Khurasan was assigned to Ahnaf ibn Qais by Abdullah ibn Aamir. Abdullah started to march in 650 from Fars and took a short and less frequent route via Rayy, while Ahnaf then marched north directly to Merv, in present-day Turkmenistan.[1] Later Ahnaf was sent by Abdullah to lead the vanguard of banu Tamim and 1000 Asawira through Quhistan. The people of Tabasyin later revolted from the caliphate just to be reconquered by Ahnaf who now exacted heavier tool of tax. Ahnaf continued to advance. At first Herat agreed peace and pay Jizya.[2]
Battle
[edit]In 652, Ahnaf was forced to attack Herat again after the latter was once again revolting. He defeated the ruler of Herat and once again made a treaty with him. However, the ruler of Herat along with the Karenids and many other natives of Khorasan, later rebelled against the Arabs, but were defeated at the battle of Badghis.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ The Muslim Conquest of Persia by A.I. Akram. Ch:17. 1 September 2009 ISBN 0-19-597713-0,
- ^ The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History edited by Touraj Daryaee