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Coordinates: 34°22′25.86″N 62°10′45.05″E / 34.3738500°N 62.1791806°E / 34.3738500; 62.1791806
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Adding local short description: "Part of the Islamic conquest of Sassanid Persia", overriding Wikidata description "part of the Islamic conquest of Sassanid Persia"
 
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{{Short description|Part of the Islamic conquest of Sassanid Persia}}
{{Noref|date=January 2010}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox Military Conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
|image=
|image=
|caption=
|caption=
|conflict=Siege of Herat
|conflict=Siege of Herat
|partof=the [[Muslim conquest of Persia]]|
|partof=the [[Muslim conquest of Persia]]|
|date=652
|date=652
|place=[[Herat]], [[Afghanistan]]
|place=[[Herat]], [[Afghanistan]]
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
⚫
|result=Decisive [[Rashidun]] victory
| map_type = Afghanistan
⚫
|territory=Herat captured by Muslims.
| map_relief = y
⚫
|combatant1= [[Sasanian]] loyalists<br>[[Hephthalites]]
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| map_mark =
| casus =
⚫
|result=[[Rashidun Caliphate]] victory
⚫
|territory=Herat captured by Rashidun Caliphate
⚫
|combatant1= [[House of Karen]]<br>[[Hephthalites]]
|combatant2= [[Rashidun Caliphate]]
|combatant2= [[Rashidun Caliphate]]
|commander1= Unknown
|commander1= Unknown
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{{Campaignbox Muslim Conquest Persia}}
{{Campaignbox Muslim Conquest Persia}}


The '''Siege of Herat''' was part of the [[Islamic conquest of Persia]] which was commanded by [[Ahnaf ibn Qais]]
The '''siege of Herat''' was part of the [[Islamic conquest of Persia]] which was commanded by [[Ahnaf ibn Qais]].


==Background==
==Background==
Caliph [[Umar]] (634-644 CE) launched an offensive against the [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanid Persian Empire]] in 642 and by 651 the Empire was destroyed and almost all parts of Persia was conquered, except parts of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] which was still held by Sasanian loyalists and their [[Hephthalite]] allies.
Caliph [[Umar]] (634-644) launched an offensive against the [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanid Persian Empire]] in 642, and by 651 the Empire was destroyed. However, parts of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] were held by Sasanian loyalists helped by their [[Hephthalite]] allies.


In 651 the mission of conquering Khurasan was assigned to Ahnaf ibn Qais by [[Abdullah ibn Aamir]]. Abdullah started march in 650 from [[Fars Province|Fars]] and took a short and less frequent route via [[Rey, Iran|Rayy]. while Ahnaf then marched north direct to [[Merv]], in present Turkmenistan.,<ref>The Muslim Conquest of Persia By A.I. Akram. Ch:17 ISBN 0-19-597713-0,</ref>. while later Ahnaf was sent by Abdullah to lead the vanguard of banu Tamim and 1000 Asawira through Quhistan. the people of At Tabasyin later revolted from the caliphate just to be reconquered by Ahnaf who now exact heavier tool of tax. after that Ahnaf continue to advance. at first the Herat agreed peace and pay Jizya.<ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=jFIORCFTA78C&pg=PA215&dq=herat+ahnaf+qais&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fP6rVISpLseIuASb-YDwCQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=herat&f=false The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History edited by Touraj Daryaee]</ref>
In 651 the mission of conquering Khurasan was assigned to Ahnaf ibn Qais by [[Abdullah ibn Aamir]]. Abdullah started to march in 650 from [[Fars Province|Fars]] and took a short and less frequent route via [[Rey, Iran|Rayy]], while Ahnaf then marched north directly to [[Merv]], in present-day Turkmenistan.<ref>''The Muslim Conquest of Persia'' by A.I. Akram. Ch:17. 1 September 2009 {{ISBN|0-19-597713-0}},</ref> Later Ahnaf was sent by Abdullah to lead the vanguard of banu Tamim and 1000 Asawira through Quhistan. The people of Tabasyin later revolted from the caliphate just to be reconquered by Ahnaf who now exacted heavier tool of tax. Ahnaf continued to advance. At first Herat agreed peace and pay Jizya.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=jFIORCFTA78C&q=herat&pg=PA215 The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History edited by Touraj Daryaee]</ref>


== Battle ==
== Battle ==
In 652, Ahnaf was forced to attack Herat again after the latter was once again revolting. defeated the ruler of Herat and made a once again made treaty with him. However, the ruler of Herat along with the [[House of Karen|Karenids]] and many other natives of Khorasan, later rebelled against the Arabs, but were defeated at the [[battle of Badghis]].
In 652, Ahnaf was forced to attack Herat again after the latter was once again revolting. He defeated the ruler of Herat and once again made a treaty with him. However, the ruler of Herat along with the [[House of Karen|Karenids]] and many other natives of Khorasan, later rebelled against the Arabs, but were defeated at the [[battle of Badghis]].


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Islamic conquest of Persia]]
*[[Islamic conquest of Persia]]
*[[History of Arabs in Afghanistan]]
*[[History of Arabs in Afghanistan]]
*[[Muslim conquests]]
*[[Early Muslim conquests]]
*[[Sassanid Empire]]
*[[Sassanid Empire]]


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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{coord missing|Afghanistan}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Herat, Siege Of}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Herat, Siege Of}}
[[Category:Sieges involving the Sasanian Empire|Herat]]
[[Category:652]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Hephthalites]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate]]
⚫
[[Category:Muslim conquest of Persia]]
[[Category:History of Herat]]
[[Category:650s conflicts]]
[[Category:650s conflicts]]
[[Category:652 in Asia]]
[[Category:Sieges of Herat]]
⚫
[[Category:Muslim conquest of Persia]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Sasanian Empire]]

Latest revision as of 21:28, 24 August 2024

Siege of Herat
Part of the Muslim conquest of Persia
Date652
Location
Herat, Afghanistan
34°22′25.86″N 62°10′45.05″E / 34.3738500°N 62.1791806°E / 34.3738500; 62.1791806
Result Rashidun Caliphate victory
Territorial
changes		 Herat captured by Rashidun Caliphate
Belligerents
House of Karen
Hephthalites		 Rashidun Caliphate
Commanders and leaders
Unknown Ahnaf ibn Qais
Siege of Herat (652) is located in Afghanistan
Siege of Herat (652)
class=notpageimage|
Location within Afghanistan

The siege of Herat was part of the Islamic conquest of Persia which was commanded by Ahnaf ibn Qais.

Background

[edit]

Caliph Umar (634-644) launched an offensive against the Sassanid Persian Empire in 642, and by 651 the Empire was destroyed. However, parts of Khorasan were held by Sasanian loyalists helped by their Hephthalite allies.

In 651 the mission of conquering Khurasan was assigned to Ahnaf ibn Qais by Abdullah ibn Aamir. Abdullah started to march in 650 from Fars and took a short and less frequent route via Rayy, while Ahnaf then marched north directly to Merv, in present-day Turkmenistan.[1] Later Ahnaf was sent by Abdullah to lead the vanguard of banu Tamim and 1000 Asawira through Quhistan. The people of Tabasyin later revolted from the caliphate just to be reconquered by Ahnaf who now exacted heavier tool of tax. Ahnaf continued to advance. At first Herat agreed peace and pay Jizya.[2]

Battle

[edit]

In 652, Ahnaf was forced to attack Herat again after the latter was once again revolting. He defeated the ruler of Herat and once again made a treaty with him. However, the ruler of Herat along with the Karenids and many other natives of Khorasan, later rebelled against the Arabs, but were defeated at the battle of Badghis.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ The Muslim Conquest of Persia by A.I. Akram. Ch:17. 1 September 2009 ISBN 0-19-597713-0,
  2. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History edited by Touraj Daryaee

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