Leonine Prayers: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Traditional Latin Mass - Leonine Prayers.jpg|thumb|alt=The priest says the Leonine prayers kneeling on the steps to the altar.|A priest and altar server kneel to recite the Leonine Prayers.]] |
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The '''Leonine Prayers''' are a prescribed set of [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] prayers for recitation by the priest and people after [[Low Mass]] required within the [[Roman Rite]] of the [[Latin Church]] from 1884 to 1965 |
The '''Leonine Prayers''', also known as '''Prayers after Mass,''' are a prescribed set of [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] prayers for recitation by the priest and people after [[Low Mass]] required within the [[Roman Rite]] of the [[Latin Church]] from 1884 to 1965.<ref>"Prayers after Mass" in ''The Tablet'', 26 November 1904</ref><ref>[https://www.osv.com/MyFaith/Prayer/Article/TabId/686/ArtMID/13729/ArticleID/7954/Prayers-after-Mass.aspx Pope, Charles. "Prayers after Mass", ''Our Sunday Visitor'', May 8, 2013]</ref> The name derives from their introduction by [[Pope Leo XIII]]. They were slightly modified by [[Pope Pius X]]. |
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Originally they were offered for the defence of the temporal sovereignty of the [[Holy See]]. After |
Originally, they were offered for the defence of the temporal sovereignty of the [[Holy See]]. After [[Roman question|the problem]] was settled with the [[Lateran Treaty]] of 1929, [[Pope Pius XI]] ordered the intention shifted to the restoration in [[Russia|Soviet Russia]] of freedom to profess the Catholic faith. This gave rise to the unofficial name, “Prayers for the Conversion of Russia”.<ref>[http://www.sanctamissa.org/en/serving/handbook-for-altar-servers-05.html "Handbook for Altar Servers", Archconfraternity of St. Stephen]</ref><ref>[http://www.mycatholicsource.com/mcs/pc/latin_mass_and_tradition/parts_of_the_latin_mass.htm "Parts of the Traditional Latin Mass", ''St. Andrew's Daily Missal'']</ref> |
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The Leonine Prayers consist of three ''[[Hail Mary|Ave Marias]]'', a ''[[Salve Regina]]'', a [[versicle]] and [[response (liturgy)|response]], a prayer for the conversion of sinners and the liberty and exaltation of the Catholic Church, and a [[prayer to Saint Michael]] the [[Archangel]]. [[Pope Pius X]] permitted |
The Leonine Prayers consist of three ''[[Hail Mary|Ave Marias]]'', a ''[[Salve Regina]]'', a [[versicle]] and [[response (liturgy)|response]], a prayer for the conversion of sinners and the liberty and exaltation of the Catholic Church, and a [[prayer to Saint Michael]] the [[Archangel]]. [[Pope Pius X]] permitted appending the invocation “Most [[Sacred Heart of Jesus]], have mercy on us”, repeated three times. |
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The Holy See's 26 September 1964 ''Inter Oecumenici'', which came into force on 7 March 1965, declared "The Leonine Prayers are suppressed", but many celebrations of Mass in the [[Summorum Pontificum|1962 form]] are still followed by them. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In 1859, [[Pope Pius IX]], facing rebellion against his temporal sovereignty in the course of the [[Italian unification|Risorgimento]], ordered that Masses celebrated in the [[Papal States]] be followed by three [[Ave Maria]] |
In 1859, [[Pope Pius IX]], facing rebellion against his temporal sovereignty in the course of the [[Italian unification|''Risorgimento'']], ordered that [[Mass (liturgy)|Masses]] celebrated in the [[Papal States]] be followed by three [[Ave Maria|''Ave Marias'']], a ''[[Salve Regina]]'', a versicle and response, and a [[collect]]. He did not make these prayers obligatory in other countries, but did ask Catholics everywhere to pray for the defeat of those bent on destroying the [[Holy See]]’s temporal sovereignty.<ref>[http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius09/p9quinup.htm ''Qui nuper'', 18 June 1859, PapalEncyclicalsOnline]</ref> |
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On 6 January 1884, in the context of anti-clerical political and social developments in the new [[Kingdom of Italy]], [[Pope Leo XIII]] ordered |
On 6 January 1884, in the context of anti-clerical political and social developments in the new [[Kingdom of Italy]], [[Pope Leo XIII]] ordered the prayers be recited throughout the world.<ref>This instruction was published by a decree ''Iam inde ab anno'' of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, published in ''Acta Sanctae Sedis'' 16 (1884), pages 239–240.</ref> In 1886, the text following the ''Salve Regina'' was modified to make it a prayer for the conversion of sinners and “the freedom and exaltation of Holy Mother Church”. The Prayer to Saint Michael was added at the same time.<ref name=Cekada>[http://www.traditionalmass.org/articles/article.php?id=16&catname=1#_ednref36 Russia and the Leonine Prayers]</ref> |
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Two slight changes were made later to the prayer after the Salve Regina, and in 1904, Pope Pius X granted permission to add at the conclusion of the Leonine Prayers a threefold invocation, |
Two slight changes were made later to the prayer after the ''Salve Regina'', and in 1904, Pope Pius X granted permission to add at the conclusion of the Leonine Prayers a threefold invocation, “Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on us”, a permission that was universally availed of.<ref>[http://www.ncregister.com/blog/dicamillo/how-the-leonine-prayers-helped-create-the-vatican-state-and-crushed-the-sov DiMillo, Kevin. "How the Leonine Prayers Helped Create the Vatican State and Crushed the Soviet Union". ''National Catholic Register'', May 4, 2016]</ref> |
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In 1929, the |
In 1929, the [[Vatican City|Vatican City State]] was created, resolving the [[Roman Question|troubled relationship]] between the Holy See and the Italian state, which had been the object of the Leonine Prayers, and thus removing their ''raison d'être''. But the following year, Pope Pius XI ordered that the Leonine Prayers should be offered “to permit tranquillity and freedom to profess the faith to be restored to the afflicted people of Russia”.<ref>Allocution ''Indictam ante'' of 30 June 1930, in ''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'' 22 (1930), p.301</ref> |
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The 26 September 1964 Instruction ''Inter Oecumenici'' on implementing the [[Sacrosanctum Concilium|Constitution on Sacred Liturgy]] of the [[Second Vatican Council]] decreed: |
The 26 September 1964 Instruction ''Inter Oecumenici'', which came into force on 7 March 1965, on implementing the [[Sacrosanctum Concilium|Constitution on Sacred Liturgy]] of the [[Second Vatican Council]] decreed: “The Leonine Prayers are suppressed”.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190309192956/https://www.ewtn.com/library/CURIA/CDWINOEC.HTM ''Inter Oecumenici'']</ref> |
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The Leonine Prayers, being prayers ''after'' Low Mass, not prayers ''of'' the Mass, were never inserted into the [[Roman Missal]] and do not appear in the typical editions that followed their imposition, that of [[Pope Benedict XV]] in 1920 and that of [[Pope John XXIII]] in 1962, nor of course in the post-Vatican II editions that followed their suppression. |
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==Rubrics== |
==Rubrics== |
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According to the original decree of 6 January 1884 that imposed the Leonine Prayers, they were to be said after every Low Mass, |
According to the original decree of 6 January 1884 that imposed the Leonine Prayers, they were to be said after every [[Low Mass]], or as they were also called at the time, “private Masses”. According to one influential rubricist, the Leonine Prayers could be omitted after a Low Mass that was celebrated with special solemnity, such as an [[Holy Orders|ordination]] or [[Requiem|funeral]] Mass, a [[Catholic devotions#First Friday|First Friday]] [[Votive Mass]] of the Sacred Heart, a [[Nuptial Mass]], or the Mass after distribution of the ashes on [[Ash Wednesday]], or if the Mass was followed immediately by some other liturgical function such as [[Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament]] or a [[Novena]].<ref>J. O’Connell, The Celebration of Mass: A Study of the Rubrics of the Roman Missal, (Milwaukee: Bruce 1941), vol. 1, pages 210–211</ref> |
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They were customarily said kneeling.<ref>[http://www.latin-mass-society.org/lowmass.htm#leonine A Guide to the Celebration of Low Mass]</ref> |
They were customarily said kneeling.<ref>[http://www.latin-mass-society.org/lowmass.htm#leonine A Guide to the Celebration of Low Mass]</ref> |
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Of similar content is the prayer to the Virgin Mary revealed to Blessed [[Louis-Édouard Cestac]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chapelofthemostholytrinity.com/library/history-prayer-to-mary-queen-of-the-angels/|title=Prayer to Mary, the Queen of Angels}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [https://d03fe30f-fff9-424f-b66f-01063bd12972.filesusr.com/ugd/c6f7dd_d30fc56f908246d2879186ba41189c53.pdf Leonine Prayers after Low Mass] |
* [https://d03fe30f-fff9-424f-b66f-01063bd12972.filesusr.com/ugd/c6f7dd_d30fc56f908246d2879186ba41189c53.pdf Leonine Prayers after Low Mass] |
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* [http://www.traditionalmass.org/articles/article.php?id=16&catname=1#_ednref36 Anthony Cekada: Russia and the Leonine Prayers] |
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[[Category:Roman Catholic prayers]] |
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[[Category:Catholic liturgy]] |
[[Category:Catholic liturgy]] |
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[[Category:Ecclesia Dei]] |
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[[Category:Traditionalist Catholicism]] |
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[[Category:Society of Saint Pius X]] |
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[[Category:Tridentine Mass]] |
[[Category:Tridentine Mass]] |
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Latest revision as of 08:44, 28 September 2024
The Leonine Prayers, also known as Prayers after Mass, are a prescribed set of Catholic prayers for recitation by the priest and people after Low Mass required within the Roman Rite of the Latin Church from 1884 to 1965.[1][2] The name derives from their introduction by Pope Leo XIII. They were slightly modified by Pope Pius X.
Originally, they were offered for the defence of the temporal sovereignty of the Holy See. After the problem was settled with the Lateran Treaty of 1929, Pope Pius XI ordered the intention shifted to the restoration in Soviet Russia of freedom to profess the Catholic faith. This gave rise to the unofficial name, “Prayers for the Conversion of Russia”.[3][4]
The Leonine Prayers consist of three Ave Marias, a Salve Regina, a versicle and response, a prayer for the conversion of sinners and the liberty and exaltation of the Catholic Church, and a prayer to Saint Michael the Archangel. Pope Pius X permitted appending the invocation “Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on us”, repeated three times.
History
[edit]In 1859, Pope Pius IX, facing rebellion against his temporal sovereignty in the course of the Risorgimento, ordered that Masses celebrated in the Papal States be followed by three Ave Marias, a Salve Regina, a versicle and response, and a collect. He did not make these prayers obligatory in other countries, but did ask Catholics everywhere to pray for the defeat of those bent on destroying the Holy See’s temporal sovereignty.[5]
On 6 January 1884, in the context of anti-clerical political and social developments in the new Kingdom of Italy, Pope Leo XIII ordered the prayers be recited throughout the world.[6] In 1886, the text following the Salve Regina was modified to make it a prayer for the conversion of sinners and “the freedom and exaltation of Holy Mother Church”. The Prayer to Saint Michael was added at the same time.[7]
Two slight changes were made later to the prayer after the Salve Regina, and in 1904, Pope Pius X granted permission to add at the conclusion of the Leonine Prayers a threefold invocation, “Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on us”, a permission that was universally availed of.[8]
In 1929, the Vatican City State was created, resolving the troubled relationship between the Holy See and the Italian state, which had been the object of the Leonine Prayers, and thus removing their raison d'être. But the following year, Pope Pius XI ordered that the Leonine Prayers should be offered “to permit tranquillity and freedom to profess the faith to be restored to the afflicted people of Russia”.[9]
The 26 September 1964 Instruction Inter Oecumenici, which came into force on 7 March 1965, on implementing the Constitution on Sacred Liturgy of the Second Vatican Council decreed: “The Leonine Prayers are suppressed”.[10]
Rubrics
[edit]According to the original decree of 6 January 1884 that imposed the Leonine Prayers, they were to be said after every Low Mass, or as they were also called at the time, “private Masses”. According to one influential rubricist, the Leonine Prayers could be omitted after a Low Mass that was celebrated with special solemnity, such as an ordination or funeral Mass, a First Friday Votive Mass of the Sacred Heart, a Nuptial Mass, or the Mass after distribution of the ashes on Ash Wednesday, or if the Mass was followed immediately by some other liturgical function such as Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament or a Novena.[11]
They were customarily said kneeling.[12]
Of similar content is the prayer to the Virgin Mary revealed to Blessed Louis-Édouard Cestac.[13]
References
[edit]- ^ "Prayers after Mass" in The Tablet, 26 November 1904
- ^ Pope, Charles. "Prayers after Mass", Our Sunday Visitor, May 8, 2013
- ^ "Handbook for Altar Servers", Archconfraternity of St. Stephen
- ^ "Parts of the Traditional Latin Mass", St. Andrew's Daily Missal
- ^ Qui nuper, 18 June 1859, PapalEncyclicalsOnline
- ^ This instruction was published by a decree Iam inde ab anno of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, published in Acta Sanctae Sedis 16 (1884), pages 239–240.
- ^ Russia and the Leonine Prayers
- ^ DiMillo, Kevin. "How the Leonine Prayers Helped Create the Vatican State and Crushed the Soviet Union". National Catholic Register, May 4, 2016
- ^ Allocution Indictam ante of 30 June 1930, in Acta Apostolicae Sedis 22 (1930), p.301
- ^ Inter Oecumenici
- ^ J. O’Connell, The Celebration of Mass: A Study of the Rubrics of the Roman Missal, (Milwaukee: Bruce 1941), vol. 1, pages 210–211
- ^ A Guide to the Celebration of Low Mass
- ^ "Prayer to Mary, the Queen of Angels".
