Microsciurus: Difference between revisions

Microsciurus
	Microsciurus flaviventer
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Sciuridae
Subfamily:	Sciurinae
Tribe:	Sciurini
Genus:	Microsciurus; J. A. Allen, 1895
Type species
	Sciurus alfari;
Species
	See text

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 10:29, 2 October 2024

Microsciurus^[1] or dwarf squirrels is a genus of squirrels from the tropical regions of Central and South America.

Taxonomy and systematics

Recent DNA analysis has shown that there is some confusion regarding the traditional classification of the species in the genus Microsciurus,^[2] and that the genus may be polyphyletic.^[3] Currently, there are four species recognized:

Central American dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus alfari) Allen, 1895, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, northern Colombia
Amazon dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus flaviventer) Gray, 1867, western Amazon basin
Western dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus mimulus) Thomas, 1898, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama
Santander dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus santanderensis) Hernández-Camacho, 1957, central Colombia

A 2020 paper published on the taxonomy of Sciurinae split Microsciurus into three genera, one currently unnamed. The paper included genetic sampling from all species except Santander dwarf squirrel and (Microsciurus) simonsi. It suggests several new species, not all described.^[4]

Microsciurus
- Central American dwarf squirrel, M. alfari
- Microsciurus "species 1" from Colombia
Leptosciurus
- Western dwarf squirrel, L. mimulus
- Andean squirrel, L. pucheranii (moved from Sciurus)
- Leptosciurus similis
- Leptosciurus otinus
- Leptosciurnus boquetensis
- Leptosciurus isthmius
"Microsciurus"
- Amazon dwarf squirrel, "M." flaviventer
- "Microsciurus" sabanillae
- "Microsciurus" "species 2" from Peru and Brazil (previously assigned to Syntheosciurus)

Description

With a typical head-and-body length of about 15 cm (5.9 in) and a 12 cm (4.7 in) long tail, dwarf squirrels are relatively small. However, the Neotropical pygmy squirrel, not in this genus, is much smaller than these species, as are certain squirrels in Africa and Asia. Microsciurus species have gray or brown backs, and white bellies.

Distribution and habitat

All dwarf squirrels in this genus live in tropical rain forests. Estimates of their abundance are limited.^[5] The IUCN lists the conservation status as "Least Concern" for three of the species and "Data Deficient" for Microsciurus santanderensis.^[6]

References

^ Thorington, R.W. Jr; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). "Genus Microsciurus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 757–758. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^ Amori, G.; Koprowski, J. & Roth, L. (2008). "Microsciurus santanderensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T13412A3904007. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T13412A3904007.en. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
^ Pečnerová, P. & Martínková, N. (February 2012). "Evolutionary history of tree squirrels (Rodentia, Sciurini) based on multilocus phylogeny reconstruction". Zoologica Scripta. 41 (3): 211–219. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00528.x. S2CID 86487063.
^ De Abreu-Jr, Edson Fiedler; Pavan, Silvia E.; Tsuchiya, Mirian T. N.; Wilson, Don E.; Percequillo, Alexandre R.; Maldonado, Jesús E. (2020). "Museomics of tree squirrels: A dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 20 (1): 77. Bibcode:2020BMCEE..20...77D. doi:10.1186/s12862-020-01639-y. PMC 7320592. PMID 32590930.
^ Jessen, T.G.; et al. (August 2016). "Microsciurus flaviventer (Rodentia: Sciuridae)". Mammalian Species. 48 (935): 59–65. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sew006.
^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2020-05-15.

Bibliography

Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-8018-5789-9

[msw3-1] Thorington, R.W. Jr; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). "Genus Microsciurus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 757–758. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

[iucn-2] Amori, G.; Koprowski, J. & Roth, L. (2008). "Microsciurus santanderensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T13412A3904007. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T13412A3904007.en. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

[Pecnerova2012-3] Pečnerová, P. & Martínková, N. (February 2012). "Evolutionary history of tree squirrels (Rodentia, Sciurini) based on multilocus phylogeny reconstruction". Zoologica Scripta. 41 (3): 211–219. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00528.x. S2CID 86487063.

[4] De Abreu-Jr, Edson Fiedler; Pavan, Silvia E.; Tsuchiya, Mirian T. N.; Wilson, Don E.; Percequillo, Alexandre R.; Maldonado, Jesús E. (2020). "Museomics of tree squirrels: A dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 20 (1): 77. Bibcode:2020BMCEE..20...77D. doi:10.1186/s12862-020-01639-y. PMC 7320592. PMID 32590930.

[Jessen2016-5] Jessen, T.G.; et al. (August 2016). "Microsciurus flaviventer (Rodentia: Sciuridae)". Mammalian Species. 48 (935): 59–65. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sew006.

[6] "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2020-05-15.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Genus of rodents}}
-{{More citations needed|date=April 2010}}
 {{Automatic taxobox
-| fossil_range = Recent
 | image = Microsciurus flaviventer - Amazon Dwarf Squirrel, Serra do Divisor National Park, Acre, Brazil.jpg
 | image_caption = ''Microsciurus flaviventer''
 | display_parents = 2
 | taxon = Microsciurus
-| authority = [[Joel Asaph Allen|Allen]], 1895
+| authority = [[Joel Asaph Allen|J. A. Allen]], 1895
 | type_species = ''[[Microsciurus alfari|Sciurus alfari]]''
 | subdivision = See text
@@ Line 14: / Line 13: @@
 ==Taxonomy and systematics==
-Recent [[DNA]] analysis has shown that there is some confusion regarding the traditional classification of the species in the genus ''Microsciurus'',<ref name="iucn">{{Cite journal | author = Amori, G. | author2 = Koprowski, J. | author3 = Roth, L. | last-author-amp = yes | title = ''Microsciurus santanderensis'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2008 | page = e.T13412A3904007 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2008 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/13412/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T13412A3904007.en | access-date = 12 January 2018}}</ref> and that the genus may be [[polyphyly|polyphyletic]].<ref name="Pecnerova2012">{{cite journal | author = Pečnerová, P. | author2 = Martínková, N. | last-author-amp = yes | date = February 2012 | title = Evolutionary history of tree squirrels (Rodentia, Sciurini) based on multilocus phylogeny reconstruction | journal = Zoologica Scripta | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 211–219 | doi = 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00528.x}}</ref> Currently, there are four [[species]] recognized:
+Recent [[DNA]] analysis has shown that there is some confusion regarding the traditional classification of the species in the genus ''Microsciurus'',<ref name="iucn">{{Cite iucn | author = Amori, G. | author2 = Koprowski, J. | author3 = Roth, L. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Microsciurus santanderensis'' | volume = 2008 | page = e.T13412A3904007 | date = 2008 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T13412A3904007.en | access-date = 12 January 2018}}</ref> and that the genus may be [[polyphyly|polyphyletic]].<ref name="Pecnerova2012">{{cite journal | author = Pečnerová, P. | author2 = Martínková, N. | name-list-style = amp | date = February 2012 | title = Evolutionary history of tree squirrels (Rodentia, Sciurini) based on multilocus phylogeny reconstruction | journal = Zoologica Scripta | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 211–219 | doi = 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00528.x| s2cid = 86487063 }}</ref> Currently, there are four [[species]] recognized:
 *[[Central American dwarf squirrel]] (''Microsciurus alfari'') <small>[[Joel Asaph Allen|Allen]], 1895</small>, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, northern Colombia
@@ Line 20: / Line 19: @@
 *[[Western dwarf squirrel]] (''Microsciurus mimulus'') <small>[[Oldfield Thomas|Thomas]], 1898</small>, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama
 *[[Santander dwarf squirrel]] (''Microsciurus santanderensis'') <small>Hernández-Camacho, 1957</small>, central Colombia
+A 2020 paper published on the taxonomy of '''[[Sciurinae]]''' split ''Microsciurus'' into three genera, one currently unnamed. The paper included genetic sampling from all species except [[Santander dwarf squirrel]] and ''[[(Microsciurus) simonsi]]''. It suggests several new species, not all described.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1186/s12862-020-01639-y|title = Museomics of tree squirrels: A dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul|year = 2020|last1 = De Abreu-Jr|first1 = Edson Fiedler|last2 = Pavan|first2 = Silvia E.|last3 = Tsuchiya|first3 = Mirian T. N.|last4 = Wilson|first4 = Don E.|last5 = Percequillo|first5 = Alexandre R.|last6 = Maldonado|first6 = Jesús E.|journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume = 20|issue = 1|page = 77|pmid = 32590930|pmc = 7320592 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2020BMCEE..20...77D }}</ref>
+*'''''Microsciurus'''''
+**[[Central American dwarf squirrel]], ''M. alfari''
+**''Microsciurus "species 1"'' from Colombia
+*'''''Leptosciurus'''''
+**[[Western dwarf squirrel]], ''L. mimulus''
+**[[Andean squirrel]], ''L. pucheranii'' (moved from ''[[Sciurus]]'')
+**''[[Leptosciurus similis]]''
+**''[[Leptosciurus otinus]]''
+**''[[Leptosciurnus boquetensis]]''
+**''[[Leptosciurus isthmius]]''
+*'''''"Microsciurus"'''''
+**[[Amazon dwarf squirrel]], ''"M." flaviventer''
+**[["Microsciurus" sabanillae]]
+**''"Microsciurus" "species 2"'' from Peru and Brazil (previously assigned to ''[[Syntheosciurus]]'')
 ==Description==
@@ Line 25: / Line 40: @@
 ==Distribution and habitat==
+All dwarf squirrels in this genus live in [[tropical rain forest]]s. Estimates of their abundance are limited.<ref name=Jessen2016>{{cite journal | author = Jessen, T.G. | display-authors = etal | date = August 2016 | title =  ''Microsciurus flaviventer'' (Rodentia: Sciuridae) | journal = Mammalian Species | volume = 48 | issue = 935 | pages = 59–65 | doi = 10.1093/mspecies/sew006| doi-access = free }}</ref> The IUCN lists the conservation status as "Least Concern" for three of the species and "Data Deficient" for ''[[Microsciurus santanderensis]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref>
-All dwarf squirrels in this genus live in [[tropical rain forest]]s. None of them are endangered, although they are rarely seen, as they are shy and retiring.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}
 == References ==
+{{Reflist}}
-<references/>
 ==Bibliography==
@@ Line 34: / Line 49: @@
 {{S. Sciurinae1 nav}}
+{{Sciuromorpha|state=collapsed}}
 {{Taxonbar|from=Q948353}}
 [[Category:Microsciurus| ]]
 [[Category:Rodent genera]]
-[[Category:Squirrels]]
+[[Category:Rodents of Central America]]
-[[Category:Mammals of Central America]]
 [[Category:Mammals of South America]]
 [[Category:Taxa named by Joel Asaph Allen]]

v t e Extant species of family Sciuridae (subfamily Sciurinae, Sciurini tribe)
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Microsciurus (Dwarf squirrels)	Central American dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus alfari) Amazon dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus flaviventer) Western dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus mimulus) Santander dwarf squirrel (Microsciurus santanderensis)
Rheithrosciurus	Tufted ground squirrel (Rheithrosciurus macrotis)
Sciurus	Subgenus Guerlinguetus Brazilian squirrel (Sciurus aestuans) South Yungas red squirrel (Sciurus argentinius) Yellow-throated squirrel (Sciurus gilvigularis) Red-tailed squirrel (Sciurus granatensis) Bolivian squirrel (Sciurus ignitus) Atlantic Forest squirrel (Sciurus ingrami) Andean squirrel (Sciurus pucheranii) Richmond's squirrel (Sciurus richmondi) Sanborn's squirrel (Sciurus sanborni) Guayaquil squirrel (Sciurus stramineus) Subgenus Hadrosciurus Fiery squirrel (Sciurus flammifer) Junín red squirrel (Sciurus pyrrhinus) Subgenus Hesperosciurus Western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) Subgenus Otosciurus Abert's squirrel (Sciurus aberti) Subgenus Sciurus Allen's squirrel (Sciurus alleni) Arizona gray squirrel (Sciurus arizonensis) Mexican gray squirrel (Sciurus aureogaster) Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) Collie's squirrel (Sciurus colliaei) Deppe's squirrel (Sciurus deppei) Japanese squirrel (Sciurus lis) Calabrian black squirrel (Sciurus meridionalis) Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis) Fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) Peters's squirrel (Sciurus oculatus) Variegated squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides) Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) Yucatan squirrel (Sciurus yucatanensis) Subgenus Tenes Caucasian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) Subgenus Urosciurus Northern Amazon red squirrel (Sciurus igniventris) Southern Amazon red squirrel (Sciurus spadiceus)
Syntheosciurus	Bangs's mountain squirrel (Syntheosciurus brochus)
Tamiasciurus (Pine squirrels)	Douglas squirrel (Tamiasciurus douglasii) Southwestern red squirrel (Tamiasciurus fremonti) American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)
Category