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{{short description|Bathurst-class corvette}}
{{other ships|HMAS Ipswich}}
{{other ships|HMAS Ipswich}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use Australian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Australian English|date=April 2018}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:HMAS Ipswich (AWM P00433-007).jpg|300px|HMAS ''Ipswich'' in 1944]]
|Ship image=HMAS Ipswich (AWM P00433-007).jpg
|Ship caption=HMAS ''Ipswich'' in 1944
|Ship caption=HMAS ''Ipswich'' in 1944
}}
}}
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*East Indies 1944
*East Indies 1944
*[[Battle of Okinawa|Okinawa]] 1945
*[[Battle of Okinawa|Okinawa]] 1945
|Ship fate=Transferred to RNLN
|Ship fate=Transferred to the Netherlands
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=[[File:HMAS ipswich crest.png|Ship's badge]]
|Ship badge=[[File:HMAS ipswich crest.png|Ship's badge]]
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=Netherlands
|Ship country=Netherlands
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Netherlands|naval}}
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Netherlands|naval}}
|Ship name=''Morotai''
|Ship name=''Morotai''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship namesake=[[Morotai|Morotai Island]]
|Ship acquired=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=5 July 1946
|Ship commissioned=5 July 1946
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|Ship nickname=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honours=
|Ship honours=
|Ship fate=Transferred to TNI-AL
|Ship fate=Transferred to Indonesia
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
|Ship badge=
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=Indonesia
|Ship country=Indonesia
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Indonesia|naval}}
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Indonesia|naval}}
|Ship name=''Hang Tuah''
|Ship name=''Hang Tuah''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship namesake=[[Hang Tuah]]
|Ship acquired=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=1949
|Ship commissioned=1949
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}}
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Ship class= {{sclass-|Bathurst|corvette}}
|Ship class= {{sclass|Bathurst|corvette}}
|Ship displacement=*650 tons (standard),
|Ship displacement=*650 tons (standard),
*1,025 tons (full war load)
*1,025 tons (full war load)
|Ship length={{convert|186|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship length={{convert|186|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|31|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|31|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|8.5|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|8.5|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=*[[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|triple-expansion steam engine]],
|Ship propulsion=*[[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|triple-expansion steam engine]],
*2 shafts, 2,000 hp
*2 shafts, 2,000 hp
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*(later replaced by 1 × [[QF 4 inch Mk XIX naval gun|4 inch Mk XIX]] gun)
*(later replaced by 1 × [[QF 4 inch Mk XIX naval gun|4 inch Mk XIX]] gun)
*3 × [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]]s (later 2)
*3 × [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]]s (later 2)
*1 × [[Bofors 40 mm gun|40 mm]] gun (installed later)
*1 × [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|40 mm]] gun (installed later)
*Machine guns
*Machine guns
*[[Depth charge]]s, chutes and throwers
*[[Depth charge]]s, chutes and throwers
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}}
}}


'''HMAS ''Ipswich'' (J186/B244/A118)''', named for the city of [[Ipswich, Queensland]], was one of 60 {{sclass-|Bathurst|corvette}}s built during [[World War II]] and one of 20 built on [[Admiralty]] order but manned by personnel of and later commissioned into the [[Royal Australian Navy]] (RAN).<ref name=SPC>{{cite web |url= http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-ipswich-i |title=HMAS Ipswich (I) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830012738/http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-ipswich-i|archive-date=30 August 2018|url-status=live|access-date=30 August 2018 |publisher=Sea Power Centre Australia}}</ref>
'''HMAS ''Ipswich'' (J186/B244/A118)''', named for the city of [[Ipswich, Queensland]], was one of 60 {{sclass|Bathurst|corvette}}s built during [[World War II]] and one of 20 built on [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] order but manned by personnel of and later commissioned into the [[Royal Australian Navy]] (RAN).<ref name=SPC>{{cite web |url= http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-ipswich-i |title=HMAS Ipswich (I) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830012738/http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-ipswich-i|archive-date=30 August 2018|url-status=live|access-date=30 August 2018 |publisher=Sea Power Centre Australia}}</ref>


''Ipswich'' was later operated by the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]] (RNLN) as '''HNLMS ''Morotai''''', and by the [[Indonesian Navy]] (TNI-AL) as '''KRI ''Hang Tuah'''''.<ref name=SPC/> In Indonesian service in 1958 the ship was attacked by a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] aircraft{{sfn|Conboy|Morrison|1999|p=116}} and sunk with considerable loss of life.<ref name=Lind236>{{cite book |last=Lind |first=Lew |title=The Royal Australian Navy – Historic Naval Events Year by Year |origyear=1982 |edition=2nd |year=1986 |publisher=Reed Books |location=Frenchs Forest, NSW |isbn=0-7301-0071-5 |oclc=16922225}}</ref>
''Ipswich'' was later operated by the [[Royal Netherlands Navy]] (RNLN) as '''HNLMS ''Morotai''''', and by the [[Indonesian Navy]] (TNI-AL) as '''KRI ''Hang Tuah'''''.<ref name=SPC/> In Indonesian service in 1958 the ship was attacked by a [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] aircraft{{sfn|Conboy|Morrison|1999|p=116}} and sunk with considerable loss of life.<ref name=Lind236>{{cite book |last=Lind |first=Lew |title=The Royal Australian Navy – Historic Naval Events Year by Year |orig-year=1982 |edition=2nd |year=1986 |publisher=Reed Books |location=Frenchs Forest, NSW |isbn=0-7301-0071-5 |oclc=16922225}}</ref>


==Design and construction==
==Design and construction==
{{main|Bathurst-class corvette}}
{{main|Bathurst-class corvette}}
In 1938, the [[Australian Commonwealth Naval Board]] (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.<ref name=Hindsight1>Stevens, ''The Australian Corvettes'', p. 1</ref><ref name=StevensACV103>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', p. 103</ref> The vessel was initially envisaged as having a [[displacement (ship)|displacement]] of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least {{convert|10|kn}}, and a range of {{convert|2000|nmi}}<ref name=StevensACV103.4>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 103–4</ref> The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled [[Bar-class boom defence vessel]] saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a {{convert|15.5|kn}} top speed, and a range of {{convert|2850|nmi}}, armed with a 4-inch gun, equipped with [[asdic]], and able to fitted with either [[depth charge]]s or [[Naval mine#Mine sweeping|minesweeping]] equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a [[sloop-of-war|sloop]] than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels.<ref name=Hindsight1/><ref>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 103–5</ref> Construction of the prototype {{HMAS|Kangaroo||6}} did not go ahead, but the plans were retained.<ref name=StevensACV104>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', p. 104</ref> The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 ordered by the RAN, 20 (including ''Ipswich'') ordered by the [[British Admiralty]] but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the [[Royal Indian Navy]].<ref name=Hindsight1/><ref>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 105, 148</ref><ref name=Donohue29>Donohue, ''From Empire Defence to the Long Haul'', p. 29</ref><ref name=Stevens108>Stevens et al., ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 108</ref><ref name=SPC/>
In 1938, the [[Australian Commonwealth Naval Board]] (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.<ref name=Hindsight1>Stevens, ''The Australian Corvettes'', p. 1</ref><ref name=StevensACV103>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', p. 103</ref> The vessel was initially envisaged as having a [[displacement (ship)|displacement]] of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least {{convert|10|kn|lk=in}}, and a range of {{convert|2000|nmi|lk=in}}<ref name=StevensACV103.4>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 103–4</ref> The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled {{sclass2|Bar|boom defence vessel|1}} saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a {{convert|15.5|kn}} top speed, and a range of {{convert|2850|nmi}}, armed with a {{convert|4|in|adj=on|0}} gun, equipped with [[asdic]], and able to fitted with either [[depth charge]]s or [[Naval mine#Mine sweeping|minesweeping]] equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a [[sloop-of-war|sloop]] than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels.<ref name=Hindsight1/><ref>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 103–5</ref> Construction of the prototype {{HMAS|Kangaroo}} did not go ahead, but the plans were retained.<ref name=StevensACV104>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', p. 104</ref> The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 ordered by the RAN, 20 (including ''Ipswich'') ordered by the [[British Admiralty]] but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the [[Royal Indian Navy]].<ref name=Hindsight1/><ref>Stevens, ''A Critical Vulnerability'', pp. 105, 148</ref><ref name=Donohue29>Donohue, ''From Empire Defence to the Long Haul'', p. 29</ref><ref name=Stevens108>Stevens et al., ''The Royal Australian Navy'', p. 108</ref><ref name=SPC/>


''Ipswich'' was laid down by [[Evans Deakin & Co]] at Brisbane in Queensland on 6 March 1941.<ref name=SPC/> She was launched on 11 August 1941 by Evelyn Foll, wife of the [[Minister for Home Affairs (Australia)|Minister for the Interior]] [[Harry Foll]], and commissioned on 13 June 1942.<ref name=SPC/>
''Ipswich'' was laid down by [[Evans Deakin & Co]] at Brisbane in Queensland on 6 March 1941.<ref name=SPC/> She was launched on 11 August 1941 by Evelyn Foll, wife of the [[Minister for Home Affairs (Australia)|Minister for the Interior]] [[Harry Foll]], and commissioned on 13 June 1942.<ref name=SPC/>
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===RAN===
===RAN===
''Ipswich'' was employed from commissioning until 3 November 1942 as a convoy escort in Australian waters. From 3 November 1942 until 21 January 1945, ''Ipswich'' was assigned to the [[British Eastern Fleet]], primarily serving in the Indian Ocean and [[Persian Gulf]], but spending May to October 1943 in the [[Mediterranean]].<ref name=SPC/> During this time, ''Ipswich'' was credited with shooting down a twin-engined bomber near Syracuse on 25 July 1943, and on 11 February 1944 worked with [[HMAS Launceston (J179)|HMAS ''Launceston'']] and {{HMIS|Jumna|U21|6}} to sink [[Japanese submarine Ro-110|Japanese submarine ''Ro-110'']].<ref name=SPC/>
''Ipswich'' was employed from commissioning until 3 November 1942 as a convoy escort in Australian waters. From 3 November 1942 until 21 January 1945, ''Ipswich'' was assigned to the [[British Eastern Fleet]], primarily serving in the Indian Ocean and [[Persian Gulf]], but spending May to October 1943 in the [[Mediterranean]].<ref name=SPC/> During this time, ''Ipswich'' was credited with shooting down a twin-engined bomber near Syracuse on 25 July 1943, and on 11 February 1944 worked with {{HMAS|Launceston|J179|6}} and {{HMIS|Jumna|U21|6}} to sink the {{Jsub|Ro-110}}.<ref name=SPC/>


Upon leaving the British Eastern Fleet, ''Ipswich'' returned to Australia, where she was assigned to the [[British Pacific Fleet]].<ref name=SPC/> ''Ipswich'' was present in [[Tokyo Bay]] on [[Victory over Japan Day]] (2 September 1945), when the [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender]] was signed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq69-2.htm|title=Allied Ships Present in Tokyo Bay During the Surrender Ceremony, 2 September 1945|access-date=13 January 2007|last=|first=|authorlink=|author2=|date=27 May 2005|publisher=Naval Historical Center – U.S. Navy|quote=Taken from ''Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas (CINCPAC/CINCPOA) A16-3/FF12 Serial 0395, 11 February 1946: Report of Surrender and Occupation of Japan''|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991008061542/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq69-2.htm|archive-date=8 October 1999|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Upon leaving the British Eastern Fleet, ''Ipswich'' returned to Australia, where she was assigned to the [[British Pacific Fleet]].<ref name=SPC/> ''Ipswich'' was present in [[Tokyo Bay]] on [[Victory over Japan Day]] (2 September 1945), when the [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender]] was signed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq69-2.htm|title=Allied Ships Present in Tokyo Bay During the Surrender Ceremony, 2 September 1945|access-date=13 January 2007|date=27 May 2005|publisher=Naval Historical Center – U.S. Navy|quote=Taken from ''Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas (CINCPAC/CINCPOA) A16-3/FF12 Serial 0395, 11 February 1946: Report of Surrender and Occupation of Japan''|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991008061542/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq69-2.htm|archive-date=8 October 1999|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


''Ipswich'' earned five [[battle honour]]s for her wartime service: "Pacific 1942", "Indian Ocean 1942–45", "Sicily 1943", "East Indies 1944", and "Okinawa 1945".<ref name=newhonours>{{cite news |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |title=Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613184920/http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |archivedate=13 June 2011 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |accessdate=23 December 2012}}</ref><ref name=honourslist>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |title=Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614064156/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |archivedate=14 June 2011 |accessdate=23 December 2012}}</ref>
''Ipswich'' earned five [[battle honour]]s for her wartime service: "Pacific 1942", "Indian Ocean 1942–45", "Sicily 1943", "East Indies 1944", and "Okinawa 1945".<ref name=newhonours>{{cite news |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |title=Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613184920/http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |archive-date=13 June 2011 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |access-date=23 December 2012}}</ref><ref name=honourslist>{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |title=Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614064156/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2011 |access-date=23 December 2012}}</ref>


===RNLN===
===RNLN===
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==References==
==References==
;Books
===Books===
*{{cite book |last1=Conboy |first1=Kenneth |last2=Morrison |first2=James |year=1999 |title=Feet to the Fire CIA Covert Operations in Indonesia, 1957–1958 |location=Annapolis |publisher=[[United States Naval Institute|Naval Institute Press]] |isbn=1-55750-193-9 |pages= |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |last1=Conboy |first1=Kenneth |last2=Morrison |first2=James |year=1999 |title=Feet to the Fire CIA Covert Operations in Indonesia, 1957–1958 |location=Annapolis |publisher=[[United States Naval Institute|Naval Institute Press]] |isbn=1-55750-193-9 }}
*{{cite book |last=Donohue |first=Hector |title=From Empire Defence to the Long Haul: post-war defence policy and its impact on naval force structure planning 1945–1955 |series=Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs |volume=No. 1 |date=October 1996 |publisher=Sea Power Centre |location=Canberra |isbn=0-642-25907-0 |issn=1327-5658 |oclc=36817771}}
*{{cite book |last=Donohue |first=Hector |title=From Empire Defence to the Long Haul: post-war defence policy and its impact on naval force structure planning 1945–1955 |series=Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs |volume=1 |date=October 1996 |publisher=Sea Power Centre |location=Canberra |isbn=0-642-25907-0 |issn=1327-5658 |oclc=36817771}}
*{{cite book |last=Stevens |first=David |title=A Critical Vulnerability: the impact of the submarine threat on Australia's maritime defense 1915–1954 |series=Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs |volume=No. 15 |year=2005 |publisher=Sea Power Centre Australia |location=Canberra |isbn=0-642-29625-1 |oclc=62548623 |issn=1327-5658}}
*{{cite book |last=Stevens |first=David |title=A Critical Vulnerability: the impact of the submarine threat on Australia's maritime defense 1915–1954 |series=Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs |volume=15 |year=2005 |publisher=Sea Power Centre Australia |location=Canberra |isbn=0-642-29625-1 |oclc=62548623 |issn=1327-5658}}
*{{cite book |author=Stevens, David |author2=Sears, Jason|author3= Goldrick, James|author4= Cooper, Alastair|author5= Jones, Peter|author6= Spurling, Kathryn, |editor=Stevens, David |title=The Royal Australian Navy |series=The Australian Centenary History of Defence (vol III) |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=South Melbourne, VIC |isbn=0-19-554116-2 |oclc=50418095}}
*{{cite book |author=Stevens, David |author2=Sears, Jason|author3= Goldrick, James|author4= Cooper, Alastair|author5= Jones, Peter|author6= Spurling, Kathryn |editor=Stevens, David |title=The Royal Australian Navy |series=The Australian Centenary History of Defence (vol III) |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=South Melbourne, VIC |isbn=0-19-554116-2 |oclc=50418095}}


;Journal and news articles
===Journal and news articles===
*{{cite journal |last=Stevens |first=David |date=May 2010 |title=The Australian Corvettes |journal=Hindsight (Semaphore) |publisher=Sea Power Centre – Australia |volume=2010 |issue=05 |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Semaphore_2010_5.pdf |access-date=13 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320183407/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Semaphore_2010_5.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
*{{cite journal |last=Stevens |first=David |date=May 2010 |title=The Australian Corvettes |journal=Hindsight (Semaphore) |publisher=Sea Power Centre – Australia |volume=2010 |issue=5 |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Semaphore_2010_5.pdf |access-date=13 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320183407/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Semaphore_2010_5.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2011 |df=dmy-all }}

<!-- non-breaking space to keep AWB drones from altering the space before the navbox-->


{{Bathurst class corvette|others}}
{{Bathurst class corvette|others}}
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[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1958]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1958]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by US aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 13:55, 7 October 2024

For other ships with the same name, see HMAS Ipswich.

HMAS Ipswich in 1944
History
Australia
NamesakeCity of Ipswich, Queensland
BuilderEvans Deakin & Co, Brisbane
Laid down6 March 1941
Launched11 August 1941
Commissioned13 June 1942
Decommissioned5 July 1946
Motto"Dare to Defy"
Honours and
awards
FateTransferred to the Netherlands
BadgeShip's badge
Netherlands
NameMorotai
NamesakeMorotai Island
Commissioned5 July 1946
Decommissioned1949
FateTransferred to Indonesia
Indonesia
NameHang Tuah
NamesakeHang Tuah
Commissioned1949
Fate
  • Sunk by CIA air attack
  • 28 April 1958[1]
General characteristics
Class and typeBathurst-class corvette
Displacement
  • 650 tons (standard),
  • 1,025 tons (full war load)
Length186 ft (57 m)
Beam31 ft (9.4 m)
Draught8.5 ft (2.6 m)
Propulsion
Speed15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) at 1,750 hp
Complement85
Armament
HMAS Ipswich (J186) is located in Indonesia
HMAS Ipswich (J186)
class=notpageimage|
A CIA aircraft sank Hang Tuah just off Balikpapan in Kalimantan, Indonesia.

HMAS Ipswich (J186/B244/A118), named for the city of Ipswich, Queensland, was one of 60 Bathurst-class corvettes built during World War II and one of 20 built on Admiralty order but manned by personnel of and later commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).[2]

Ipswich was later operated by the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN) as HNLMS Morotai, and by the Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL) as KRI Hang Tuah.[2] In Indonesian service in 1958 the ship was attacked by a CIA aircraft[1] and sunk with considerable loss of life.[3]

Design and construction

[edit]
Main article: Bathurst-class corvette

In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.[4][5] The vessel was initially envisaged as having a displacement of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph), and a range of 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km; 2,300 mi)[6] The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled Bar-class boom defence vessel saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a 15.5 knots (28.7 km/h; 17.8 mph) top speed, and a range of 2,850 nautical miles (5,280 km; 3,280 mi), armed with a 4-inch (102 mm) gun, equipped with asdic, and able to fitted with either depth charges or minesweeping equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a sloop than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels.[4][7] Construction of the prototype HMAS Kangaroo did not go ahead, but the plans were retained.[8] The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 ordered by the RAN, 20 (including Ipswich) ordered by the British Admiralty but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the Royal Indian Navy.[4][9][10][11][2]

Ipswich was laid down by Evans Deakin & Co at Brisbane in Queensland on 6 March 1941.[2] She was launched on 11 August 1941 by Evelyn Foll, wife of the Minister for the Interior Harry Foll, and commissioned on 13 June 1942.[2]

Operational history

[edit]

RAN

[edit]

Ipswich was employed from commissioning until 3 November 1942 as a convoy escort in Australian waters. From 3 November 1942 until 21 January 1945, Ipswich was assigned to the British Eastern Fleet, primarily serving in the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf, but spending May to October 1943 in the Mediterranean.[2] During this time, Ipswich was credited with shooting down a twin-engined bomber near Syracuse on 25 July 1943, and on 11 February 1944 worked with HMAS Launceston and HMIS Jumna to sink the Japanese submarine Ro-110.[2]

Upon leaving the British Eastern Fleet, Ipswich returned to Australia, where she was assigned to the British Pacific Fleet.[2] Ipswich was present in Tokyo Bay on Victory over Japan Day (2 September 1945), when the Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed.[12]

Ipswich earned five battle honours for her wartime service: "Pacific 1942", "Indian Ocean 1942–45", "Sicily 1943", "East Indies 1944", and "Okinawa 1945".[13][14]

RNLN

[edit]

Ipswich paid off from RAN service on 5 July 1946 and was transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy and renamed HNLMS Morotai.

TNI-AL

[edit]

Morotai was transferred to the Indonesian Navy in 1949 and renamed KRI Hang Tuah. On 28 April 1958 a Douglas B-26 Invader aircraft, painted black and showing no markings,[15] bombed and sank her off Balikpapan in southern Borneo.[1] 18 crew were killed and another 28 were wounded.[1]

The B-26's co-pilot was Colonel Muharto[1] of the Permesta rebel movement's AUREV insurgent air force but the aircraft, its ammunition and pilot were supplied by the CIA[16] as part of an insurgency to destabilise President Sukarno's government. The pilot was William H. Beale, a former United States Army Air Forces lieutenant colonel then employed by a Taiwan-based CIA front organisation, Civil Air Transport.[17]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Conboy & Morrison 1999, p. 116.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "HMAS Ipswich (I)". Sea Power Centre Australia. Archived from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  3. ^ Lind, Lew (1986) [1982]. The Royal Australian Navy – Historic Naval Events Year by Year (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Reed Books. ISBN 0-7301-0071-5. OCLC 16922225.
  4. ^ a b c Stevens, The Australian Corvettes, p. 1
  5. ^ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 103
  6. ^ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–4
  7. ^ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–5
  8. ^ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 104
  9. ^ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 105, 148
  10. ^ Donohue, From Empire Defence to the Long Haul, p. 29
  11. ^ Stevens et al., The Royal Australian Navy, p. 108
  12. ^ "Allied Ships Present in Tokyo Bay During the Surrender Ceremony, 2 September 1945". Naval Historical Center – U.S. Navy. 27 May 2005. Archived from the original on 8 October 1999. Retrieved 13 January 2007. Taken from Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas (CINCPAC/CINCPOA) A16-3/FF12 Serial 0395, 11 February 1946: Report of Surrender and Occupation of Japan
  13. ^ "Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours". Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  14. ^ "Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours" (PDF). Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  15. ^ Conboy & Morrison 1999, p. 88.
  16. ^ Conboy & Morrison 1999, p. 89.
  17. ^ Conboy & Morrison 1999, pp. 99–100.

References

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Books

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  • Conboy, Kenneth; Morrison, James (1999). Feet to the Fire CIA Covert Operations in Indonesia, 1957–1958. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-193-9.
  • Donohue, Hector (October 1996). From Empire Defence to the Long Haul: post-war defence policy and its impact on naval force structure planning 1945–1955. Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs. Vol. 1. Canberra: Sea Power Centre. ISBN 0-642-25907-0. ISSN 1327-5658. OCLC 36817771.
  • Stevens, David (2005). A Critical Vulnerability: the impact of the submarine threat on Australia's maritime defense 1915–1954. Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs. Vol. 15. Canberra: Sea Power Centre Australia. ISBN 0-642-29625-1. ISSN 1327-5658. OCLC 62548623.
  • Stevens, David; Sears, Jason; Goldrick, James; Cooper, Alastair; Jones, Peter; Spurling, Kathryn (2001). Stevens, David (ed.). The Royal Australian Navy. The Australian Centenary History of Defence (vol III). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554116-2. OCLC 50418095.

Journal and news articles

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  • Stevens, David (May 2010). "The Australian Corvettes" (PDF). Hindsight (Semaphore). 2010 (5). Sea Power Centre – Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
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