Murder in Delaware law: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Aspect of Delaware criminal law}} |
{{Short description|Aspect of Delaware criminal law}} |
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{{use mdy dates|date=March 2023}} |
{{use mdy dates|date=March 2023}} |
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'''Murder in Delaware''' constitutes the unlawful killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of [[Delaware]]. |
'''Murder in Delaware law''' constitutes the unlawful killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of [[Delaware]]. |
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The United States [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate somewhat above the median for the entire country.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 16, 2021 |title=National Center for Health Statistics: Homicide Mortality by State |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/homicide_mortality/homicide.htm |access-date=March 15, 2023 |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}</ref> |
The United States [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate somewhat above the median for the entire country.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 16, 2021 |title=National Center for Health Statistics: Homicide Mortality by State |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/homicide_mortality/homicide.htm |access-date=March 15, 2023 |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]}}</ref> |
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=== First-degree murder === |
=== First-degree murder === |
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Delaware has eight different levels of homicide offenses in total, although some overlap. The most serious form of homicide, first-degree murder, constitutes the intentional killing of a person without legal justification or an unintentional killing during the commission of a felony (the felony murder rule). Additionally, Delaware is one of the only states where [[Coercion|intentionally causing]] someone to commit [[suicide]] under [[Duress in American law|duress]] is punishable as first-degree murder.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Delaware Code Online |url=https://delcode.delaware.gov/title11/c005/sc02/index.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=delcode.delaware.gov}}</ref> The crime of first-degree murder is punishable for those over the age of 18 only by [[Life imprisonment in the United States|life imprisonment]] without the possibility of [[parole]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delaware First-Degree Murder - FindLaw.com |url=https://www.findlaw.com/state/delaware-law/delaware-first-degree-murder.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=Findlaw |language=en-US}}</ref> The state previously punished first-degree murder by either life-without-parole or the [[Capital punishment in Delaware|death penalty]], but Delaware's death penalty statute was ruled unconstitutional in 2016. In 2013, Delaware passed legislation eliminating life-without-parole sentences for first-degree murders committed while the perpetrator was under the age of 18. For juveniles, the sentence is a minimum of 25 years in prison and a maximum of life imprisonment ''with'' the possibility of parole.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delaware {{!}} Juvenile Sentencing Project |url=https://juvenilesentencingproject.org/delaware-sb9/ |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=juvenilesentencingproject.org}}</ref> |
Delaware has eight different levels of homicide offenses in total, although some overlap. The most serious form of homicide, first-degree murder, constitutes the intentional killing of a person without legal justification or an unintentional killing during the commission of a felony (the felony murder rule). Additionally, Delaware is one of the only states where [[Coercion|intentionally causing]] someone to commit [[suicide]] under [[Duress in American law|duress]] is punishable as first-degree murder.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Delaware Code Online |url=https://delcode.delaware.gov/title11/c005/sc02/index.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=delcode.delaware.gov}}</ref> The crime of first-degree murder is punishable for those over the age of 18 only by [[Life imprisonment in the United States|life imprisonment]] without the possibility of [[parole]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delaware First-Degree Murder - FindLaw.com |url=https://www.findlaw.com/state/delaware-law/delaware-first-degree-murder.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=Findlaw |language=en-US}}</ref> The state previously punished first-degree murder by either life-without-parole or the [[Capital punishment in Delaware|death penalty]], but Delaware's death penalty statute was ruled unconstitutional in 2016, and the statute was fully repealed in 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=House Bill 70 - Bill Detail - Delaware General Assembly|url=https://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail/129979}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Delaware Officially Removes Death Penalty from State Statutes Eight Years After State Supreme Court Finds It Unconstitutional|url=https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/delaware-officially-removes-death-penalty-from-state-statutes-eight-years-after-state-supreme-court-finds-it-unconstitutional}}</ref> In 2013, Delaware passed legislation eliminating life-without-parole sentences for first-degree murders committed while the perpetrator was under the age of 18. For juveniles, the sentence is a minimum of 25 years in prison and a maximum of life imprisonment ''with'' the possibility of parole.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delaware {{!}} Juvenile Sentencing Project |url=https://juvenilesentencingproject.org/delaware-sb9/ |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=juvenilesentencingproject.org}}</ref> |
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==== Felony murder rule ==== |
==== Felony murder rule ==== |
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=== Second-degree murder === |
=== Second-degree murder === |
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Second-degree murder under Delaware law is the killing of a victim when the perpetrator recklessly causes the death of another person under circumstances which manifest a cruel, wicked, and [[Depraved-heart murder|depraved indifference]] to human life.<ref name=":0" /> It is punishable by a minimum of 15 years in prison and a maximum of life imprisonment |
Second-degree murder under Delaware law is the killing of a victim when the perpetrator recklessly causes the death of another person under circumstances which manifest a cruel, wicked, and [[Depraved-heart murder|depraved indifference]] to human life.<ref name=":0" /> It is punishable by a minimum of 15 years in prison and a maximum of life imprisonment without parole.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Delaware Second-Degree Murder |url=https://www.findlaw.com/state/delaware-law/delaware-second-degree-murder.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=Findlaw |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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=== Murder by abuse or neglect === |
=== Murder by abuse or neglect === |
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Two other forms of murder in Delaware law are first- and second-degree murder by [[Child abuse|abuse]] or [[Child neglect|neglect]] of a [[Minor (law)|minor]]. First-degree murder by abuse or neglect constitutes when a perpetrator recklessly causes the death of a child through an act of abuse and/or neglect of the child or when the perpetrator has engaged in a previous pattern of abuse and/or neglect of the child. It is punishable by 15 years to life imprisonment |
Two other forms of murder in Delaware law are first- and second-degree murder by [[Child abuse|abuse]] or [[Child neglect|neglect]] of a [[Minor (law)|minor]]. First-degree murder by abuse or neglect constitutes when a perpetrator recklessly causes the death of a child through an act of abuse and/or neglect of the child or when the perpetrator has engaged in a previous pattern of abuse and/or neglect of the child. It is punishable by 15 years to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, the same as second-degree murder. Second-degree murder by abuse or neglect constitutes when a perpetrator causes the death of a child through criminal negligence. It is punishable by 2 to 25 years in prison, the same as manslaughter.<ref name=":1" /> |
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== Penalties == |
== Penalties == |
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|Second-degree murder |
|Second-degree murder |
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|[[Abuse of power|Official misconduct]] causing death |
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|First-degree murder by [[Child abuse|abuse]] or [[Child neglect|neglect]] |
|First-degree murder by [[Child abuse|abuse]] or [[Child neglect|neglect]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:26, 8 October 2024
Murder in Delaware law constitutes the unlawful killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Delaware.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate somewhat above the median for the entire country.[1]
Definitions
[edit]First-degree murder
[edit]Delaware has eight different levels of homicide offenses in total, although some overlap. The most serious form of homicide, first-degree murder, constitutes the intentional killing of a person without legal justification or an unintentional killing during the commission of a felony (the felony murder rule). Additionally, Delaware is one of the only states where intentionally causing someone to commit suicide under duress is punishable as first-degree murder.[2] The crime of first-degree murder is punishable for those over the age of 18 only by life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.[3] The state previously punished first-degree murder by either life-without-parole or the death penalty, but Delaware's death penalty statute was ruled unconstitutional in 2016, and the statute was fully repealed in 2024.[4][5] In 2013, Delaware passed legislation eliminating life-without-parole sentences for first-degree murders committed while the perpetrator was under the age of 18. For juveniles, the sentence is a minimum of 25 years in prison and a maximum of life imprisonment with the possibility of parole.[6]
Felony murder rule
[edit]Like most states, Delaware employs the standard of the felony murder rule. A murder where a victim dies during or shortly after the commission (or attempted commission) of any felony due to the offender's reckless conduct is punished as first-degree murder.[2]
Second-degree murder
[edit]Second-degree murder under Delaware law is the killing of a victim when the perpetrator recklessly causes the death of another person under circumstances which manifest a cruel, wicked, and depraved indifference to human life.[2] It is punishable by a minimum of 15 years in prison and a maximum of life imprisonment without parole.[7]
Murder by abuse or neglect
[edit]Two other forms of murder in Delaware law are first- and second-degree murder by abuse or neglect of a minor. First-degree murder by abuse or neglect constitutes when a perpetrator recklessly causes the death of a child through an act of abuse and/or neglect of the child or when the perpetrator has engaged in a previous pattern of abuse and/or neglect of the child. It is punishable by 15 years to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, the same as second-degree murder. Second-degree murder by abuse or neglect constitutes when a perpetrator causes the death of a child through criminal negligence. It is punishable by 2 to 25 years in prison, the same as manslaughter.[7]
Penalties
[edit]The sentences for homicide offenses in Delaware are listed below.[8]
| Offense | Mandatory sentence |
|---|---|
| Criminally negligent homicide | Up to 8 years in prison |
| Second-degree vehicular homicide | |
| First-degree vehicular homicide | Up to 15 years in prison |
| Manslaughter | 2 to 25 years in prison |
| Second-degree murder by abuse or neglect | |
| Second-degree murder | 15 years to life in prison without parole |
| Official misconduct causing death | |
| First-degree murder by abuse or neglect | |
| First-degree murder | For adults: Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole For juveniles: 25 years in prison to life imprisonment with the possibility of parole after 15 years |
References
[edit]- ^ "National Center for Health Statistics: Homicide Mortality by State". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 16, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
- ^ a b c "Delaware Code Online". delcode.delaware.gov. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
- ^ "Delaware First-Degree Murder - FindLaw.com". Findlaw. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
- ^ "House Bill 70 - Bill Detail - Delaware General Assembly".
- ^ "Delaware Officially Removes Death Penalty from State Statutes Eight Years After State Supreme Court Finds It Unconstitutional".
- ^ "Delaware | Juvenile Sentencing Project". juvenilesentencingproject.org. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
- ^ a b "Delaware Second-Degree Murder". Findlaw. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
- ^ "2017 Delaware Code :: Title 11 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure :: CHAPTER 42. CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES; SENTENCES :: § 4205. Sentence for felonies". Justia Law. Retrieved March 15, 2023.