Jump to content

Ironwood: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m clean up spacing around commas and other punctuation, replaced: , → , (2)
No edit summary
 
(46 intermediate revisions by 34 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Distinguish|Ironweed}}
{{other uses}}
{{other uses}}
'''Ironwood''' is a common name for a large number of [[wood]]s or plants that have a reputation for hardness, or specifically a wood density that is over 1000&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> and sinks in water. Usage of the name ironwood in English may (or may not) include the tree that yields this heavy wood.
'''Ironwood''' is a common name for many [[wood]]s that have a reputation for [[hardness]], or specifically a wood density that is denser than water (approximately 1000&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup>, or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in English may or may not indicate a tree that yields such heavy wood.


== Some of the species with their common name ==
== Some of the species with their common name ==
{{div col|colwidth=40em}}
{{div col|colwidth=40em}}
* ''[[Acacia aulacocarpa]]'' (Brush ironwood)
* ''[[Acacia aulacocarpa]]'' (Brush ironwood)
* ''[[Acacia estrophiolata]]'' (Southern ironwood), central Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org./ag/agp/agpc/doc/Gbase/new_grasses/acaest.htm|publisher=FAO|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709022239/http://www.fao.org./ag/agp/agpc/doc/Gbase/new_grasses/acaest.htm|archivedate=2008-07-09 |date=July 9, 2008|title=Acacia estrophiolata F. Muell.}}</ref>
* ''[[Acacia estrophiolata]]'' (Southern ironwood), central Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org./ag/agp/agpc/doc/Gbase/new_grasses/acaest.htm|publisher=FAO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709022239/http://www.fao.org./ag/agp/agpc/doc/Gbase/new_grasses/acaest.htm|archive-date=2008-07-09 |date=July 9, 2008|title=Acacia estrophiolata F. Muell.}}</ref>
* ''[[Acacia excelsa]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Acacia excelsa]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Acacia melanoxylon]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Acacia melanoxylon]]'' (Ironwood)
Line 11: Line 12:
* ''[[Aegiphila martinicensis]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Aegiphila martinicensis]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Afzelia africana]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Afzelia africana]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Androstachys johnsonii]]'' (Lebombo ironwood), southeastern Africa and [[Madagascar]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Yashe |first1=Asavela |last2=Hankey |first2=Andrew |title=Androstachys johnsonii Prain | date= October 2014 |url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantab/androstachysjohnsoni.htm |website=PlantzAfrica |publisher=SANBI}}</ref>
* ''[[Androstachys johnsonii]]'' (Lebombo ironwood), southeastern Africa and [[Madagascar]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Yashe |first1=Asavela |last2=Hankey |first2=Andrew |title=Androstachys johnsonii Prain | date= June 2020 |url=http://pza.sanbi.org/androstachys-johnsonii |website=PlantZAfrica.com |publisher=SANBI}}</ref>
* ''[[Allagoptera caudescens]]'', ''[[Borassus flabellifer]]'', ''[[Caryota urens]]'', ''[[Iriartea deltoidea]]'' Black Palm, Palmira wood (Black ironwood)
* ''[[Allagoptera caudescens]]'', ''[[Borassus flabellifer]]'', ''[[Caryota urens]]'', ''[[Iriartea deltoidea]]'' Black Palm, Palmira wood (Black ironwood)
* ''[[Argania spinosa]]'' (Marocco ironwood, Thorny, Prickly ironwood)
* ''[[Argania spinosa]]'' (Morocco ironwood, Thorny, Prickly ironwood)
* ''[[Astronium fraxinifolium]]'', ''[[Astronium urundeuva]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Astronium fraxinifolium]]'', ''[[Astronium urundeuva]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Backhousia bancroftii]]'' (Bancroft's ironwood)
* ''[[Backhousia bancroftii]]'' (Bancroft's ironwood)
* ''[[Backhousia citriodora]]'' (Lemon ironwood), nordeastern Australia
* ''[[Backhousia citriodora]]'' (Lemon ironwood), northeastern Australia
* ''[[Backhousia myrtifolia]]'' (Carrol ironwood, Ironwood)
* ''[[Backhousia myrtifolia]]'' (Carrol ironwood, Ironwood)
* (''[[Backhousia subargentea]]'' Syn.: ''Choricarpia subargentea'') (Giant ironwood), eastern Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedSpeciesApp/profile.aspx?id=10166|work=Threatened species|publisher=New South Wales Office of Environment & Heritage |title=Giant Ironwood - profile|date=2014-08-05}}</ref>
* (''[[Backhousia subargentea]]'' Syn.: ''Choricarpia subargentea'') (Giant ironwood), eastern Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedSpeciesApp/profile.aspx?id=10166|work=Threatened species|publisher=New South Wales Office of Environment & Heritage |title=Giant Ironwood - profile|date=2014-08-05}}</ref>
Line 24: Line 25:
** ''[[Allocasuarina]]'' spp.; ''[[Allocasuarina luehmannii]]'', ''[[Allocasuarina torulosa]]'', ''[[Allocasuarina inophloia]]'' (Ironwood), ''[[Allocasuarina verticillata]]'' (Long-leaved, Longleaf ironwood, Highland or Mountain ironwood)
** ''[[Allocasuarina]]'' spp.; ''[[Allocasuarina luehmannii]]'', ''[[Allocasuarina torulosa]]'', ''[[Allocasuarina inophloia]]'' (Ironwood), ''[[Allocasuarina verticillata]]'' (Long-leaved, Longleaf ironwood, Highland or Mountain ironwood)
** ''[[Casuarina cunninghamiana]]'' (Small-cone ironwood, Australian coast ironwood, River-oak ironwood)
** ''[[Casuarina cunninghamiana]]'' (Small-cone ironwood, Australian coast ironwood, River-oak ironwood)
** ''[[Casuarina equisetifolia]]'' Toa (Beach, Coast ironwood, Pacific, Sea, South Sea or Polynesian ironwood or Short-leaf and False ironwood, Lowland Ironwood), native from [[Burma]] south to Australia<ref>{{cite book|last=Boland|first=D. J.|first2=M. I. H.|last2=Brooker|first3=G. M.|last3=Chippendale|first4=M. W.|last4=McDonald|title=Forest trees of Australia|year=2006|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Collingwood, Vic.|isbn=0-643-06969-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2v3kb9tFsYC&lpg=PP1&dq=ISBN%200643069690&pg=PA82#v=onepage&q&f=false|edition=5th|page=82}}</ref>
** ''[[Casuarina equisetifolia]]'' Toa (Beach, Coast ironwood, Pacific, Sea, South Sea or Polynesian ironwood or Short-leaf and False ironwood, Lowland Ironwood), native from [[Burma]] south to Australia<ref>{{cite book|last1=Boland|first1=D. J.|first2=M. I. H.|last2=Brooker|first3=G. M.|last3=Chippendale|first4=M. W.|last4=McDonald|title=Forest trees of Australia|year=2006|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Collingwood, Vic.|isbn=0-643-06969-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2v3kb9tFsYC&pg=PA82|edition=5th|page=82}}</ref>
** ''[[Casuarina cristata]]'' (Ironwood)
** ''[[Casuarina cristata]]'' (Ironwood)
** ''[[Casuarina glauca]]'' (Long-leaf Ironwood, Saltmarsh Ironwood, Blue ironwood)
** ''[[Casuarina glauca]]'' (Long-leaf Ironwood, Saltmarsh Ironwood, Blue ironwood)
Line 41: Line 42:
* ''[[Colophospermum mopane]]'' (Black ironwood, Rhodesian ironwood)
* ''[[Colophospermum mopane]]'' (Black ironwood, Rhodesian ironwood)
* ''[[Colubrina elliptica]]'' (Ironwood, Martinique ironwood), ''[[Colubrina arborescens]]'' (West Indian ironwood)
* ''[[Colubrina elliptica]]'' (Ironwood, Martinique ironwood), ''[[Colubrina arborescens]]'' (West Indian ironwood)
* ''[[Combretum imerbe]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Combretum imberbe]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Cordia subcordata]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Cordia subcordata]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Cossinia pinnata]]'' (Judas ironwood)
* ''[[Cossinia pinnata]]'' (Judas ironwood)
* ''[[Cryptocarya lauriflora]]'' (Borneo ironwood), ''[[Cryptocarya ferrea]]'' (Java ironwood)
* ''[[Cryptocarya lauriflora]]'' (Borneo ironwood), ''[[Cryptocarya ferrea]]'' (Java ironwood)
* ''[[Cynometra alexandri]]'' (Uganda ironwood), central and east Africa<ref>{{cite web|title=Cynometra alexandri |url=http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/Chudnoff/African/htmlDocs_africa/Cynometraalexandri.html |work=Wood Technical Fact Sheets |publisher=USDA Forest Service}}</ref>
* ''[[Cynometra alexandri]]'' (Uganda ironwood), central and east Africa<ref>{{cite web |title=Cynometra alexandri |url=http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/Chudnoff/African/htmlDocs_africa/Cynometraalexandri.html |work=Wood Technical Fact Sheets |publisher=USDA Forest Service |access-date=2017-03-18 |archive-date=2014-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219064729/http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/TechSheets/Chudnoff/African/htmlDocs_africa/Cynometraalexandri.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* ''[[Cyrilla racemiflora]]'' (Ironwood, Swamp ironwood)
* ''[[Cyrilla racemiflora]]'' (Ironwood, Swamp ironwood)
* ''[[Dalbergia melanoxylon]]'' (African ironwood)
* ''[[Dalbergia melanoxylon]]'' (African ironwood)
Line 84: Line 85:
* (''[[Libidibia ferrea]]'' Syn.: 'Caesalpinia ferrea'') (Brazilian ironwood), Brazil<ref>{{GRIN|name=''Caesalpinia ferrea'' Mart. ex Tul.|id=8289}}</ref>
* (''[[Libidibia ferrea]]'' Syn.: 'Caesalpinia ferrea'') (Brazilian ironwood), Brazil<ref>{{GRIN|name=''Caesalpinia ferrea'' Mart. ex Tul.|id=8289}}</ref>
* ''[[Lignum vitae]]''; ''[[Guaiacum officinale]]'', ''[[Guaiacum sanctum]]'' and Argentine, Paraguay Lignum Vitae, Verawood ''[[Bulnesia arborea]]'' also als Maracaibo Lignum Vitae and ''[[Bulnesia sarmientoi]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Lignum vitae]]''; ''[[Guaiacum officinale]]'', ''[[Guaiacum sanctum]]'' and Argentine, Paraguay Lignum Vitae, Verawood ''[[Bulnesia arborea]]'' also als Maracaibo Lignum Vitae and ''[[Bulnesia sarmientoi]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Lophira alata]]'' (West African ironwood, (Small) Red ironwood, Dwarf (red) ironwood, Dryzone (red) ironwood), western and central Africa<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arkive.org/azobe/lophira-alata/|title=Azobe (Lophira alata)|publisher=Wildscreen Arkive|access-date=2017-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320055036/http://www.arkive.org/azobe/lophira-alata/|archive-date=2017-03-20|dead-url=yes|df=}}</ref>
* ''[[Lophira alata]]'' (West African ironwood, (Small) Red ironwood, Dwarf (red) ironwood, Dryzone (red) ironwood), western and central Africa<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arkive.org/azobe/lophira-alata/|title=Azobe (Lophira alata)|publisher=Wildscreen Arkive|access-date=2017-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320055036/http://www.arkive.org/azobe/lophira-alata/|archive-date=2017-03-20|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''[[Lophira lanceolata]]'' ((Dwarf) Red ironwood)
* ''[[Lophira lanceolata]]'' ((Dwarf) Red ironwood)
* ''[[Lyonothamnus floribundus]]'' (Catalina or Western ironwood, Island or Santa Cruz (Island) Ironwood, Lyon's Ironwood or Fern-leaved ironwood), in the [[Rosaceae|rose family]], [[Channel Islands of California]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Erwin | first1=D. M. |last2=Schorn | first2=H. E. | year=2000 | title=Revision of ''Lyonothamnus'' A.Gray (Rosaceae) from the Neogene of Western North America | journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences | volume=161 | issue=1 | pages=179–193 | lastauthoramp=y | doi=10.1086/314232}}</ref>
* ''[[Lyonothamnus floribundus]]'' (Catalina or Western ironwood, Island or Santa Cruz (Island) Ironwood, Lyon's Ironwood or Fern-leaved ironwood), in the [[Rosaceae|rose family]], [[Channel Islands of California]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Erwin | first1=D. M. |last2=Schorn | first2=H. E. | year=2000 | title=Revision of ''Lyonothamnus'' A.Gray (Rosaceae) from the Neogene of Western North America | journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences | volume=161 | issue=1 | pages=179–193 | name-list-style=amp | doi=10.1086/314232| pmid=10648208 | s2cid=9161661 }}</ref>
* ''[[Manilkara hexandra]]'' (Ceylon ironwood)
* ''[[Manilkara hexandra]]'' (Ceylon ironwood)
* ''[[Manilkara kauki]]'' (Moluccan ironwood)
* ''[[Manilkara kauki]]'' (Moluccan ironwood)
* ''[[Mesua ferrea]]'' (Sri Lankan or Ceylon and Assam ironwood, East Indian Ironwood), southern and southeastern Asia<ref>{{cite web|publisher=biotik.org|url=http://www.biotik.org/india/species/m/mesuferr/mesuferr_en.html|title=Mesua ferrea L. – Clusiaceae}}</ref>
* ''[[Mesua ferrea]]'' (Sri Lankan or Ceylon and Assam ironwood, East Indian Ironwood), southern and southeastern Asia<ref>{{cite web|publisher=biotik.org|url=http://www.biotik.org/india/species/m/mesuferr/mesuferr_en.html|title=Mesua ferrea L. – Clusiaceae|access-date=2017-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001052/http://www.biotik.org/india/species/m/mesuferr/mesuferr_en.html|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''[[Metrosideros]]'' spp. all Species (Ironwood), ''[[Metrosideros umbellata]]'' (New zealand Ironwood), ''[[Metrosideros kermadecensis]]'' (Real or True ironwood)
* ''[[Metrosideros]]'' spp. all Species (Ironwood), ''[[Metrosideros umbellata]]'' (New Zealand Ironwood), ''[[Metrosideros kermadecensis]]'' (Real or True ironwood)
* ''[[Millettia grandis]]'' (Kafir ironwood)
* ''[[Millettia grandis]]'' (Kafir ironwood)
* ''[[Minquartia guianensis]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Minquartia guianensis]]'' (Ironwood)
Line 102: Line 103:
* ''[[Ochna holstii]]'' (Red ironwood)
* ''[[Ochna holstii]]'' (Red ironwood)
* ''[[Oldfieldia africana]]'' (West African ironwood)
* ''[[Oldfieldia africana]]'' (West African ironwood)
* ''[[Olea capensis]]'' (''Bastard'' Black, Forest, Bushveld or False, Bastard ironwood, South African ironwood, Small and Olive ironwood, East African ironwood), [[Africa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=8059|title=Olea capensis|work=Ecocrop|publisher=FAO}}</ref>
* ''[[Olea capensis]]'' (''Bastard'' Black, Forest, Bushveld or False, Bastard ironwood, South African ironwood, Small and Olive ironwood, East African ironwood), [[Africa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=8059|title=Olea capensis|work=Ecocrop|publisher=FAO|access-date=2017-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726051258/http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=8059|archive-date=2011-07-26|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''[[Olea woodiana]]'' (Black ironwood), eastern and southern Africa<ref>{{GRIN|name=''Olea woodiana''|id=434998}}</ref>
* ''[[Olea woodiana]]'' (Black ironwood), eastern and southern Africa<ref>{{GRIN|name=''Olea woodiana''|id=434998}}</ref>
* ''[[Olinia ventosa]]'' (Sproutful ironwood)
* ''[[Olinia ventosa]]'' (Sproutful ironwood)
* ''[[Olneya tesota]]'' (Desert ironwood, Arizona or Sonora Ironwood, Mexican ironwood)
* ''[[Olneya|Olneya tesota]]'' (desert ironwood, Arizona or Sonora ironwood, Mexican ironwood)
* ''[[Ostrya knowltonii]]'' Knowlton's or Western hophornbeam (Canyon ironwood, Western Ironwood)
* ''[[Ostrya knowltonii]]'' Knowlton's or Western hophornbeam (Canyon ironwood, Western Ironwood)
* ''[[Ostrya virginiana]]'' Hophornbeam, (North-American, American ironwood, Canadian ironwood, Rough-barked ironwood, Eastern ironwood)
* ''[[Ostrya virginiana]]'' Hophornbeam, (North-American, American ironwood, Canadian ironwood, Rough-barked ironwood, Eastern ironwood)
Line 120: Line 121:
* ''[[Prunus africana]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Prunus africana]]'' (Ironwood)
* [[Quebracho tree|Quebracho]] ''[[Schinopsis]]'' spp.; ''[[Schinopsis brasiliensis]]'', ''[[Schinopsis balansae]]'', ''[[Schinopsis lorentzii]]'' and ''[[Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco]]'' (Ironwood)
* [[Quebracho tree|Quebracho]] ''[[Schinopsis]]'' spp.; ''[[Schinopsis brasiliensis]]'', ''[[Schinopsis balansae]]'', ''[[Schinopsis lorentzii]]'' and ''[[Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco]]'' (Ironwood)
⚫
* ''[[Rhodamnia acuminata]]'' (Cooloola ironwood)
⚫
* [[Rhodomyrtus trineura var. canescens|''Rhodomyrtus trineura'' var. ''canescens'']] (Crater ironwood), ''[[Rhodomyrtus pervagata]]'' (Rusty ironwood)
* ''[[Rapanea melanophloeos]]'' (Laurel-leaved ironwood)
* ''[[Rapanea melanophloeos]]'' (Laurel-leaved ironwood)
* ''[[Rauvolfia sandwicensis]]'' (Hawaiian ironwood)
* ''[[Rauvolfia sandwicensis]]'' (Hawaiian ironwood)
* ''[[Reynosia septentrionalis]]'' (Red ironwood)
* ''[[Reynosia septentrionalis]]'', ''[[Reynosa latifolia]]'' (Red ironwood)
⚫
* ''[[Rhodamnia acuminata]]'' (Cooloola ironwood)
⚫
* [[Rhodomyrtus trineura var. canescens|''Rhodomyrtus trineura'' var. ''canescens'']] (Crater ironwood), ''[[Rhodomyrtus pervagata]]'' (Rusty ironwood)
* ''[[Rothmannia capensis]]'' (Black ironwood, Cape of Good Hope ironwood)
* ''[[Rothmannia capensis]]'' (Black ironwood, Cape of Good Hope ironwood)
* ''[[Schleichera oleosa]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Schleichera oleosa]]'' (Ironwood)
Line 152: Line 153:
* ''[[Vachellia farnesiana]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Vachellia farnesiana]]'' (Ironwood)
* ''[[Vepris lanceolata]]'' (White ironwood), ''[[Vepris reflexa]]'' (Woodland white ironwood, Bushveld white ironwood, Drooping or Rock white ironwood), ''[[Vepris undulata]]'' (White ironwood), ''[[Vepris carringtoniana]]'' (Coastal white ironwood, Wing-leaved white ironwood), ''[[Vepris zambesiaca]]'' (Rare white ironwood), ''[[Vepris termitaria]]'' (Riverine white ironwood) native to South Africa
* ''[[Vepris lanceolata]]'' (White ironwood), ''[[Vepris reflexa]]'' (Woodland white ironwood, Bushveld white ironwood, Drooping or Rock white ironwood), ''[[Vepris undulata]]'' (White ironwood), ''[[Vepris carringtoniana]]'' (Coastal white ironwood, Wing-leaved white ironwood), ''[[Vepris zambesiaca]]'' (Rare white ironwood), ''[[Vepris termitaria]]'' (Riverine white ironwood) native to South Africa
* ''[[Xanthostemon]]'' species collectively known as "Philippine ironwood", all endemic to the Philippines<ref>{{cite journal |author= Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)|title=The Five Endemic Species of Philippine Ironwoods (Mangkono) |journal=RISE |date=July–December 2021 |volume=33 |issue=2|url=https://erdb.denr.gov.ph/the-five-endemic-species-of-philippine-ironwoods-mangkono/}}</ref>
* ''[[Vernonia angustifolia]]'' (Narrow-leaf ironwood)
* ''[[Vernonia gigantea]]'' (Oval-leaved ironwood)
:* ''[[Xanthostemon bracteatus]]'' (Mapilig)
:* ''[[Xanthostemon fruticosus]]'' (Sierra Madre mangkono)
⚫
* ''[[Xanthostemon verdugonianus]]'' or Mangkono (Philippine ironwood) endemic to the Philippines, ''[[Xanthostemon verus]]'' (Asian or Moluccan, Real or True ironwood)
:* ''[[Xanthostemon philippinensis]]'' (Bagoadlau)
:* ''[[Xanthostemon verdugonianus]]'' (Mangkono)
:* ''[[Xanthostemon speciosus]]'' (Palawan mangkono)
⚫
* ''[[Xanthostemon verus]]'' (Asian or Moluccan, Real or True ironwood)
* ''[[Xantolis tomentosa]]'' (Armed ironwood, Felty, Woolly, Downy-leaved ironwood)
* ''[[Xantolis tomentosa]]'' (Armed ironwood, Felty, Woolly, Downy-leaved ironwood)
* ''[[Xylia xylocarpa]]'' (Burma ironwood or Myanmar ironwood)
* ''[[Xylia xylocarpa]]'' (Burma ironwood or Myanmar ironwood)
Line 162: Line 167:
* ''[[Zapoteca tetragona]]'' (Antillean ironwood)
* ''[[Zapoteca tetragona]]'' (Antillean ironwood)
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}

== Some of the species with their wood weight ==
The equivalent [[German language]] term "Eisenholz” is given ''only'' to woods of plants with their wood weight of nearly 1000&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> or more,
see [[:de:Eisenholz|German Wikipedia: Eisenholz]]


==Plants named ironwood==
==Plants named ironwood==
Line 184: Line 185:
</gallery>
</gallery>


⚫
== See also ==
or may refer to
* [[Ironwood Island (Wisconsin)]]
* [[Ironwood Island (Wisconsin)]]
* Ironwood Village, [[Scottsdale, Arizona|Scottsdale]], [[Glendale, Arizona|Glendale]], [[Casa Grande, Arizona|Casa Grande]] (Arizona)
* [[Ironwood, Michigan]]
* [[Ironwood, Michigan]]
* [[Ironwood State Prison]]
* [[Ironwood State Prison]]

⚫
== See also ==
* [[Black ironwood]] (disambiguation)
* [[Black ironwood]] (disambiguation)
* [[Ironbark]], various ''Eucalyptus'' spp.
* [[Ironbark]], various ''Eucalyptus'' spp.
* [[Iron tree (disambiguation)]]
* [[Iron tree (disambiguation)]]
* [[Janka hardness test]]
* ''[[Sideroxylon]]'', from sideros (σιδηρος) meaning "iron", and xylon (ξύλον) meaning "wood"
* ''[[Sideroxylon]]'', from sideros (σιδηρος) meaning "iron", and xylon (ξύλον) meaning "wood"
* [[Járnviðr]]


==References==
==References==
Line 201: Line 201:
{{Plant common name}}
{{Plant common name}}


[[Category:Wood]]
[[Category:Wood by type]]
[[Category:Trees]]

Latest revision as of 16:39, 9 October 2024

Not to be confused with Ironweed.
For other uses, see Ironwood (disambiguation).

Ironwood is a common name for many woods that have a reputation for hardness, or specifically a wood density that is denser than water (approximately 1000 kg/m3, or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in English may or may not indicate a tree that yields such heavy wood.

Some of the species with their common name

[edit]

Plants named ironwood

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Acacia estrophiolata F. Muell". FAO. July 9, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09.
  2. ^ Yashe, Asavela; Hankey, Andrew (June 2020). "Androstachys johnsonii Prain". PlantZAfrica.com. SANBI.
  3. ^ "Giant Ironwood - profile". Threatened species. New South Wales Office of Environment & Heritage. 2014-08-05.
  4. ^ Metzger, F. T. (1990). "Carpinus caroliniana". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Hardwoods. Silvics of North America. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: United States Forest Service (USFS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
  5. ^ Boland, D. J.; Brooker, M. I. H.; Chippendale, G. M.; McDonald, M. W. (2006). Forest trees of Australia (5th ed.). Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Publishing. p. 82. ISBN 0-643-06969-0.
  6. ^ "Cynometra alexandri". Wood Technical Fact Sheets. USDA Forest Service. Archived from the original on 2014-02-19. Retrieved 2017-03-18.
  7. ^ Boland, D.J.; Brooker, M.I.H; Chippendale, G.M.; Hall, N.; et al. (1984). Forest trees of Australia. Melbourne: CSIRO. p. 68.
  8. ^ "Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim". Plants Profile. USDA. 2008.
  9. ^ "Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex Tul". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
  10. ^ "Azobe (Lophira alata)". Wildscreen Arkive. Archived from the original on 2017-03-20. Retrieved 2017-03-19.
  11. ^ Erwin, D. M. & Schorn, H. E. (2000). "Revision of Lyonothamnus A.Gray (Rosaceae) from the Neogene of Western North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 161 (1): 179–193. doi:10.1086/314232. PMID 10648208. S2CID 9161661.
  12. ^ "Mesua ferrea L. – Clusiaceae". biotik.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-03-19.
  13. ^ "Nestegis apetala". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network.
  14. ^ "Chionanthus foveolatus". Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
  15. ^ "Olea capensis". Ecocrop. FAO. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2017-03-20.
  16. ^ "Olea woodiana". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
  17. ^ Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) (July–December 2021). "The Five Endemic Species of Philippine Ironwoods (Mangkono)". RISE. 33 (2).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ironwood&oldid=1250303781"