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{{More citations needed|date=May 2007}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2007}}
{{Infobox Former Country
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name =
| native_name =
|conventional_long_name = Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen <small>(1680–1918)</small><br /><small>''Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen''</small><hr>Free State of Saxe-Meiningen <small>(1918–1920)</small><br /><small>''Freistaat Sachsen-Meiningen''</small>
| conventional_long_name = Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen <small>(1680–1918)</small><br /><small>''Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen''</small><hr>Free State of Saxe-Meiningen <small>(1918–1920)</small><br /><small>''Freistaat Sachsen-Meiningen''</small>
|common_name = Saxe-Meiningen
| common_name = Saxe-Meiningen
|era = Early modern period
| era = [[Early modern period]]
|status = Vassal
| status = Vassal
|empire = Holy Roman Empire
| empire = Holy Roman Empire
|status_text = [[States of the Holy Roman Empire|State]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], <br>[[States of the Confederation of the Rhine|State]] of the [[Confederation of the Rhine]], <br>[[States of the German Confederation|State]] of the [[German Confederation]], <br>[[States of the North German Confederation|State]] of the [[North German Confederation]], <br>[[States of the German Empire|Constituent state]] of the [[German Empire]]
| status_text = [[States of the Holy Roman Empire|State]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], <br>[[States of the Confederation of the Rhine|State]] of the [[Confederation of the Rhine]], <br>[[States of the German Confederation|State]] of the [[German Confederation]], <br>[[States of the North German Confederation|State]] of the [[North German Confederation]], <br>[[States of the German Empire|Constituent state]] of the [[German Empire]]
|year_start = 1680
| year_start = 1680
|year_end = 1920
| year_end = 1920
|p1 = Saxe-Gotha
| p1 = Saxe-Gotha
|image_p1 = [[File:Armoiries Saxe2.svg|15px|link=Saxe-Gotha]]
| flag_p1 = Coat of arms of Saxony.svg
|s1 = Thuringia
| border_p1 = no
|flag_s1 = Flag of Thuringia (state).svg
| s1 = Thuringia
⚫
| flag_s1 = Flag of Thuringia (state).svg
|event_start = Partitioned from [[Saxe-Gotha]]
|event1 = Acquired [[Saxe-Hildburghausen]]
| event_start = Partitioned from [[Saxe-Gotha]]
| event1 = Acquired [[Saxe-Hildburghausen]]
|date_event1 = 1826
|event2 = [[German Revolution|Duchy abolished]]
| date_event1 = 1826
|date_event2 = 1918
| event2 = [[German Revolution]]
|event_end = Merged into Thuringia
| date_event2 = 1918
| event_end = Merged into Thuringia
⚫
|image_flag = Flag of Saxe-Meiningen (1826).svg
| image_flag = Flagge Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha (1826-1911).svg
|image_coat = Coat of Arms of the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen-Hildburghausen.svg
|image_map = Saxe-Meiningen in the German Reich (1871).svg
| image_coat = Coat of Arms of the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen-Hildburghausen.svg
|image_map_caption = Saxe-Meiningen within the German Empire
| image_map = Saxe-Meiningen in the German Reich (1871).svg
| image_map2 = SMEI.png
|government_type = Principality
|title_leader = Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
| image_map_caption = Saxe-Meiningen within the German Empire
| government_type = [[Duchy]] (1680–1918)<br/>[[Republic]] (1918–1920)
|leader1 = [[Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard I]]
|year_leader1 = 1675–1706
| title_leader = Duke
|leader2 = [[Bernhard III Frederick Wilhelm Albrecht Georg, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard III]]
| leader1 = [[Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard I]] {{small|(first)}}
|year_leader2 = 1914–1918
| year_leader1 = 1675–1706
|capital = [[Meiningen]]
| leader2 = [[Bernhard III Frederick Wilhelm Albrecht Georg, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard III]] {{small|(last)}}
| year_leader2 = 1914–1918
|national_anthem = ''[[:de:Meininger Hymne|Vaterlandsgesang der Sachsen-Meininger]]''
⚫
| map_caption2 = Territories of Saxe-Meiningen within the [[Ernestine duchies]] after 1826
| capital = [[Meiningen]]
| national_anthem = [[Meiningen Hymn]]<br />(“Brothers sing with a loud sound of joy...”)<br />{{center|[[File:Marsch von Erbprinzessin Charlotte von Sachsen-Meiningen.wav]]}}
}}
}}
'''Saxe-Meiningen''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|æ|k|s|_|ˈ|m|aɪ|n|ɪ|ŋ|ən}}; {{lang-de|Sachsen-Meiningen}} {{IPA-de|ˌzaksn̩ ˈmaɪnɪŋən|}}) was one of the Saxon duchies held by the [[Ernestine duchies|Ernestine]] line of the [[House of Wettin|Wettin dynasty]], located in the southwest of the present-day [[Germany|German]] state of [[Thuringia]].
'''Saxe-Meiningen''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|æ|k|s|_|ˈ|m|aɪ|n|ɪ|ŋ|ən}} {{respell|SAKS|_|MY|ning|ən}}; {{langx|de|Sachsen-Meiningen}} {{IPA|de|ˌzaksn̩ ˈmaɪnɪŋən|}}) was one of the Saxon duchies held by the [[Ernestine duchies|Ernestine]] line of the [[House of Wettin]], located in the southwest of the present-day [[Germany|German]] state of [[Thuringia]].


Established in 1681,<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Saxe-Meiningen}}</ref> by partition of the Ernestine duchy of [[Saxe-Gotha]] among the seven sons of deceased Duke [[Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha|Ernst der Fromme]] (Ernest the Pious), the Saxe-Meiningen line of the House of Wettin lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918.<ref name=Museum>{{cite web|url=http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie.php|title=Die herzogliche Familie (German)|publisher=Meininger Museen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818085933/http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie.php|archive-date=18 August 2017|access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref>
Established in 1681,<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Saxe-Meiningen}}</ref> by partition of the Ernestine Duchy of [[Saxe-Gotha]] among the seven sons of deceased Duke [[Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha|Ernest the Pious]], the Saxe-Meiningen line of the House of Wettin lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918.<ref name=Museum>{{cite web|url=http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie.php|title=Die herzogliche Familie (German)|publisher=Meininger Museen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818085933/http://www.meiningermuseen.de/pages/schloss/personen/herzogliche-familie.php|archive-date=18 August 2017|access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Schloss01.jpg|thumb|left|[[Elisabethenburg Palace]], residence of the Duchy since 1682]]
[[File:GER-TH-SM-Meiningen (Schloss Elisabethenburg, Blick von Osten) — 2009 uploaded 2011-09-24.jpg|thumb|left|[[Elisabethenburg Palace]], residence of the Duchy since 1682]]
⚫
[[File:SMEI.png|thumb|left|Territories of Saxe-Meiningen within the Ernestine duchies from 1826]]

===House of Wettin===
===House of Wettin===
The [[House of Wettin|Wettiner]] had been the rulers of sizeable holdings in today's states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia since the Middle Ages. In the ''[[Treaty of Leipzig|Leipziger Teilung]]'' of 1485, the Wettiner were split into two branches named after their founding princes [[Albert III, Duke of Saxony|Albrecht]] and [[Ernest, Elector of Saxony|Ernst]] (''albertinisch'' and ''ernestinisch''). Thuringia was part of the Ernestine holdings of ''Kursachsen'' (the [[Electorate of Saxony|Electoral holdings of Saxony]]). In 1572, the branches [[Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach]] and [[Saxe-Weimar]] were established there. The senior line again split in 1641/41 into three duchies, including the [[Duchy of Saxe-Gotha]].<ref name="Museum"/>
The [[House of Wettin|Wettiner]] had been the rulers of sizeable holdings in today's states of [[Saxony]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]] and [[Thuringia]] since the Middle Ages. In the ''[[Treaty of Leipzig|Leipziger Teilung]]'' of 1485, the Wettiner were split into two branches named after their founding princes [[Albert III, Duke of Saxony|Albrecht]] and [[Ernest, Elector of Saxony|Ernst]] (''albertinisch'' and ''ernestinisch''). Thuringia was part of the Ernestine holdings of ''Kursachsen'' (the [[Electorate of Saxony]]). In 1572, the branches [[Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach]] and [[Saxe-Weimar]] were established there. The senior line again split in 1641/41 into three duchies, including the [[Duchy of Saxe-Gotha]].<ref name="Museum"/>


[[Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha|Duke Ernst I]] who founded this duchy with its seat at [[Gotha]] opposed the system of [[primogeniture]]. As a result, on his death in 1675 all of his sons inherited part of his holdings and were supposed to rule under the leadership of his oldest son. In practice, this proved very complicated and brought on three settlements in 1679, 1680 and 1681 that established the following princedoms: Saxe-Gotha ([[Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Friedrich]]), [[Saxe-Coburg]] ([[Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Coburg|Albrecht]]), Saxe-Meiningen (Bernhard), [[Saxe-Eisenberg]] ([[Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg|Christian]]), [[Saxe-Hildburghausen]] ([[Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen|Ernst]]) and [[Saxe-Saalfeld]] ([[John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Johann Ernst]]).<ref name="Museum"/>
[[Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha|Duke Ernst I]] who founded this duchy with its seat at [[Gotha]] opposed the system of [[primogeniture]]. As a result, on his death in 1675 all of his sons inherited part of his holdings and were supposed to rule under the leadership of his oldest son. In practice, this proved very complicated and brought on three settlements in 1679, 1680 and 1681 that established the following princedoms: Saxe-Gotha ([[Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Friedrich]]), [[Saxe-Coburg]] ([[Albert V, Duke of Saxe-Coburg|Albrecht]]), Saxe-Meiningen (Bernhard), [[Saxe-Eisenberg]] ([[Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg|Christian]]), [[Saxe-Hildburghausen]] ([[Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen|Ernst]]) and [[Saxe-Saalfeld]] ([[John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Johann Ernst]]).<ref name="Museum"/>


===Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen===
===Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen===
[[Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard]], Ernst I third son, received the town of [[Meiningen]] as well as several other holdings (Wasungen und Salzungen, Maßfeld und Sand, Herrenbreitungen, Herpf, Stepfershausen, Utendorf, Mehlis and the former [[Franconia]]n lands of the extinct [[House of Henneberg]], Henneberg).<ref name="Museum"/>
[[Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard]], Ernst I's third son, received the town of [[Meiningen]] as well as several other holdings ([[Wasungen]] und Salzungen, Maßfeld und Sand, Herrenbreitungen, Herpf, Stepfershausen, Utendorf, Mehlis and the former [[Franconia]]n lands of the extinct [[House of Henneberg]], Henneberg).<ref name="Museum"/>


Bernhard chose the town of Meiningen as his residence and became the first Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. From 1682 Duke Bernhard I had the [[Schloss Elisabethenburg]] built and in 1690 established a court orchestra (''Hofkapelle''), in which [[Johann Ludwig Bach]] later became the ''[[Kapellmeister]]'' (1711).
Bernhard chose the town of Meiningen as his residence and became the first duke of Saxe-Meiningen. From 1682 Duke Bernhard I had the [[Schloss Elisabethenburg]] built and in 1690 established a court orchestra (''Hofkapelle''), in which [[Johann Ludwig Bach]] later became the ''[[Kapellmeister]]'' (1711).


In the reshuffle of Ernestine territories that occurred following the extinction of the [[Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]] line upon the death of Duke [[Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Friedrich IV]] in 1825, Duke [[Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard II of Saxe-Meiningen]] received the lands of the former Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen as well as the [[Saalfeld]] territory of the former [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]] duchy.
In the reshuffle of Ernestine territories that occurred following the extinction of the [[Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]] line upon the death of Duke [[Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Frederick IV]] in 1825, Duke [[Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard II of Saxe-Meiningen]] received the lands of the former Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen as well as the [[Saalfeld]] territory of the former [[Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]] duchy.


As Bernhard II had supported [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] in the 1866 [[Austro-Prussian War]], the prime minister of victorious [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], [[Otto von Bismarck]], enforced his resignation in favour of his son [[Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Georg II]], after which Saxe-Meiningen was admitted to join the [[North German Confederation]].
As Bernhard II had supported [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] in the 1866 [[Austro-Prussian War]], the prime minister of victorious [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], [[Otto von Bismarck]], enforced his abdication in favour of his son [[George II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|George II]], after which Saxe-Meiningen was admitted to join the [[North German Confederation]].


By 1910, the Duchy had grown to {{cvt|2,468|km2}} and 278,762 inhabitants.<ref name="Museum"/> The ducal summer residence was at [[Altenstein Palace|Altenstein]] Castle. Since 1868, the duchy comprised the ''Kreise'' (districts) of [[Hildburghausen]], [[Sonneberg]] and [[Saalfeld]] as well as the northern [[enclave and exclave|exclaves]] of [[Camburg]] and [[Kranichfeld]].
By 1910, the duchy had grown to {{cvt|2,468|km2}} and 278,762 inhabitants.<ref name="Museum"/> The ducal summer residence was at [[Altenstein Palace|Altenstein]] Castle. Since 1868, the duchy comprised the ''Kreise'' (districts) of [[Hildburghausen]], [[Sonneberg]] and [[Saalfeld]] as well as the northern [[enclave and exclave|exclaves]] of [[Camburg]] and [[Kranichfeld]].


===End of the Duchy===
===End of the Duchy===
Line 72: Line 73:
* [[Anton Ulrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Anton Ulrich]] (1746–63), son of Bernhard I
* [[Anton Ulrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Anton Ulrich]] (1746–63), son of Bernhard I
* [[August Frederick Karl Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Karl Wilhelm]] (1763–82), son of Anton Ulrich
* [[August Frederick Karl Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Karl Wilhelm]] (1763–82), son of Anton Ulrich
* [[Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Georg I]] (1782–1803), son of Anton Ulrich, father of [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]]
* [[George I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|George I]] (1782–1803), son of Anton Ulrich, father of [[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen|Queen Adelaide]]
* [[Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard II]] (1803–66), son of Georg I
* [[Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard II]] (1803–66), son of Georg I
* [[Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Georg II]] (1866–1914), son of Bernhard II
* [[George II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Georg II]] (1866–1914), son of Bernhard II
* [[Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard III]] (1914–18), son of Georg II<ref name="Museum"/>
* [[Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard III]] (1914–18), son of George II<ref name="Museum"/>


Notes:
Notes:
* Friedrich Wilhelm and [[Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Friedrich II of Saxe-Gotha]] reigned as guardians for the minor Karl Friedrich in 1729-1733
* Friedrich Wilhelm and [[Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Friedrich II of Saxe-Gotha]] reigned as guardians for the minor Karl Friedrich in 1729–1733
* Friedrich Wilhelm and Anton Ulrich reigned jointly in 1743-46
* Friedrich Wilhelm and Anton Ulrich reigned jointly in 1743–46
* [[Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal|Charlotte Amalie]] reigned as regent/guardian for the minors Karl Wilhelm und Georg I in 1763-82
* [[Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal|Charlotte Amalie]] reigned as regent/guardian for the minors Karl Wilhelm und Georg I in 1763–82
* [[Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Luise Eleonore]] reigned as regent/guardian for the minor Bernhard II in 1803-1821
* [[Luise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Luise Eleonore]] reigned as regent/guardian for the minor Bernhard II in 1803–1821
* Dukedom abolished in 1918.<ref name="Museum"/>
* Dukedom abolished in 1918.<ref name="Museum"/>

== Heads of the Ducal House of Saxe-Meiningen, post-monarchy ==

*[[Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Bernhard III]] (1918–1928)
*[[Ernst, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen|Prince Ernst]] (1928–1941)
*[[Georg, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen|Prince Georg III]] (1941–1946)
*[[Bernhard, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen|Prince Bernhard IV]] (1946–1984)
*[[Prince Konrad]] (1984–present)


==See also==
==See also==
Line 125: Line 118:
[[Category:1680 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:1680 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:1918 disestablishments in Germany]]
[[Category:1918 disestablishments in Germany]]
[[Category:Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen| ]]

Latest revision as of 00:44, 21 October 2024

Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen (1680–1918)
Herzogtum Sachsen-Meiningen
Free State of Saxe-Meiningen (1918–1920)
Freistaat Sachsen-Meiningen
1680–1920
Flag of Saxe-Meiningen
Flag
Coat of arms of Saxe-Meiningen
Coat of arms
Anthem: Meiningen Hymn
(“Brothers sing with a loud sound of joy...”)
Saxe-Meiningen within the German Empire
Saxe-Meiningen within the German Empire
Territories of Saxe-Meiningen within the Ernestine duchies after 1826
Territories of Saxe-Meiningen within the Ernestine duchies after 1826
StatusState of the Holy Roman Empire,
State of the Confederation of the Rhine,
State of the German Confederation,
State of the North German Confederation,
Constituent state of the German Empire
CapitalMeiningen
GovernmentDuchy (1680–1918)
Republic (1918–1920)
Duke 
• 1675–1706
Bernhard I (first)
• 1914–1918
Bernhard III (last)
Historical eraEarly modern period
• Partitioned from Saxe-Gotha
1680
• Acquired Saxe-Hildburghausen
1826
1918
• Merged into Thuringia
1920
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Saxe-Gotha
Thuringia

Saxe-Meiningen (/ˌsæks ˈmaɪnɪŋən/ SAKS MY-ning-ən; German: Sachsen-Meiningen [ˌzaksn̩ ˈmaɪnɪŋən]) was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine line of the House of Wettin, located in the southwest of the present-day German state of Thuringia.

Established in 1681,[1] by partition of the Ernestine Duchy of Saxe-Gotha among the seven sons of deceased Duke Ernest the Pious, the Saxe-Meiningen line of the House of Wettin lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918.[2]

History

[edit]
Elisabethenburg Palace, residence of the Duchy since 1682

House of Wettin

[edit]

The Wettiner had been the rulers of sizeable holdings in today's states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia since the Middle Ages. In the Leipziger Teilung of 1485, the Wettiner were split into two branches named after their founding princes Albrecht and Ernst (albertinisch and ernestinisch). Thuringia was part of the Ernestine holdings of Kursachsen (the Electorate of Saxony). In 1572, the branches Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach and Saxe-Weimar were established there. The senior line again split in 1641/41 into three duchies, including the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha.[2]

Duke Ernst I who founded this duchy with its seat at Gotha opposed the system of primogeniture. As a result, on his death in 1675 all of his sons inherited part of his holdings and were supposed to rule under the leadership of his oldest son. In practice, this proved very complicated and brought on three settlements in 1679, 1680 and 1681 that established the following princedoms: Saxe-Gotha (Friedrich), Saxe-Coburg (Albrecht), Saxe-Meiningen (Bernhard), Saxe-Eisenberg (Christian), Saxe-Hildburghausen (Ernst) and Saxe-Saalfeld (Johann Ernst).[2]

Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen

[edit]

Bernhard, Ernst I's third son, received the town of Meiningen as well as several other holdings (Wasungen und Salzungen, Maßfeld und Sand, Herrenbreitungen, Herpf, Stepfershausen, Utendorf, Mehlis and the former Franconian lands of the extinct House of Henneberg, Henneberg).[2]

Bernhard chose the town of Meiningen as his residence and became the first duke of Saxe-Meiningen. From 1682 Duke Bernhard I had the Schloss Elisabethenburg built and in 1690 established a court orchestra (Hofkapelle), in which Johann Ludwig Bach later became the Kapellmeister (1711).

In the reshuffle of Ernestine territories that occurred following the extinction of the Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg line upon the death of Duke Frederick IV in 1825, Duke Bernhard II of Saxe-Meiningen received the lands of the former Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen as well as the Saalfeld territory of the former Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld duchy.

As Bernhard II had supported Austria in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War, the prime minister of victorious Prussia, Otto von Bismarck, enforced his abdication in favour of his son George II, after which Saxe-Meiningen was admitted to join the North German Confederation.

By 1910, the duchy had grown to 2,468 km2 (953 sq mi) and 278,762 inhabitants.[2] The ducal summer residence was at Altenstein Castle. Since 1868, the duchy comprised the Kreise (districts) of Hildburghausen, Sonneberg and Saalfeld as well as the northern exclaves of Camburg and Kranichfeld.

End of the Duchy

[edit]

In the German Revolution after World War I, Duke Bernhard III, brother-in-law of Emperor Wilhelm II, was forced to abdicate and his brother Ernst on 11/12 November 1918 refused the succession. The succeeding "Free State of Saxe-Meiningen" was merged into the new state of Thuringia on 1 May 1920.[2]

Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen

[edit]
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (1792–1849), Queen Consort of the United Kingdom and of Hanover, spouse of William IV
Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1866–1914)

Notes:

  • Friedrich Wilhelm and Friedrich II of Saxe-Gotha reigned as guardians for the minor Karl Friedrich in 1729–1733
  • Friedrich Wilhelm and Anton Ulrich reigned jointly in 1743–46
  • Charlotte Amalie reigned as regent/guardian for the minors Karl Wilhelm und Georg I in 1763–82
  • Luise Eleonore reigned as regent/guardian for the minor Bernhard II in 1803–1821
  • Dukedom abolished in 1918.[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Saxe-Meiningen" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Die herzogliche Familie (German)". Meininger Museen. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
[edit]
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