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=== Diet ===
=== Diet ===
The black cuckoo-dove feeds on fruit. It forages singly or in pairs in bushes and small trees.<ref name=":1" /> Flocks also congregate at fruiting trees.<ref name=":2" />
It feeds on fruit. It forages singly or in pairs in bushes and small trees.<ref name=":1" /> Flocks also congregate at fruiting trees.<ref name=":2" />


=== Parasites ===
=== Parasites ===
The black cuckoo-dove is [[Parasitism|parasitized]] by the [[Syringophilidae|quill mite]] ''[[Meitingsunes turacoenas]]'', which is present on its [[Flight feather|flight feathers]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaszewska|first=Katarzyna|last2=Skoracki|first2=Maciej|last3=Kavetska|first3=Katarzyna|date=2016-05-10|title=Two new Meitingsunes species (Acari: Syringophilidae) from Indonesian doves (Columbiformes: Columbidae)|url=http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4109.4.6|journal=Zootaxa|volume=4109|issue=4|pages=479|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4109.4.6|issn=1175-5334}}</ref>
It is [[Parasitism|parasitized]] by the [[Syringophilidae|quill mite]] ''[[Meitingsunes turacoenas]]'', which is present on its [[Flight feather|flight feathers]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaszewska|first=Katarzyna|last2=Skoracki|first2=Maciej|last3=Kavetska|first3=Katarzyna|date=2016-05-10|title=Two new Meitingsunes species (Acari: Syringophilidae) from Indonesian doves (Columbiformes: Columbidae)|url=http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4109.4.6|journal=Zootaxa|volume=4109|issue=4|pages=479|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4109.4.6|issn=1175-5334}}</ref>


== Status ==
== Status ==
The black cuckoo-dove is listed as being [[Near-threatened species|near threatened]] by the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN) in the [[IUCN Red List]], due to population declines and a restricted distribution. Its population is estimated to be 1,500–7,000 mature adults, and 2,500–9,999 total individuals. Threats to the species include severe [[deforestation]] caused by grazing, burning, agriculture, and logging. It is also threatened by intensive hunting in Timor.<ref name=":2" />
The species is listed as being [[Near-threatened species|near threatened]] by the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN) in the [[IUCN Red List]], due to population declines and a restricted distribution. Its population is estimated to be 1,500–7,000 mature adults, and 2,500–9,999 total individuals. Threats to the species include severe [[deforestation]] caused by grazing, burning, agriculture, and logging. It is also threatened by intensive hunting in Timor.<ref name=":2" />


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 07:27, 1 January 2022

Black cuckoo-dove
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Columbiformes
Family: Columbidae
Genus: Turacoena
Species:
T. modesta
Binomial name
Turacoena modesta
(Temminck, 1835)

The black cuckoo-dove (Turacoena modesta), also known as the slaty cuckoo-dove, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Lesser Sunda Islands, being found on Timor, Wetar, Rote, and Atauro. It inhabits primary and secondary monsoon forest, eucalyptus forest, and woodlands. It is 38.5 cm (15.2 in) long on average, and is mainly dark bluish-gray, lighter on the head and underparts and darker on the wings and tail. It has yellow orbital skin.

The black cuckoo-dove feeds on fruit. It is listed as being near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in the IUCN Red List. It is threatened by habitat destruction and hunting.

Taxonomy and systematics

The black cuckoo-dove was first described as Columba modesta by Coenraad Temminck in 1835 on the basis of a specimen from Timor. The generic name Turacoena is from the name of the genus Turacus and the Ancient Greek word oinas, meaning pigeon. The specific name modesta is from the Latin word modestus, meaning plain or modest.[2] Black cuckoo-dove is the official common name designated by the International Ornithologists' Union.[3] Other common names for the species include black dove, Timor cuckoo-dove, Timor black cuckoo-dove, Timor black pigeon, and slate-colored cuckoo-dove.[4][5]

The black cuckoo-dove is one of three species in the genus Turacoena, and is most closely related to the white-faced cuckoo dove.[6] It is does not have any subspecies.[3]

Description

The black cuckoo-dove is a medium-sized cuckoo-dove with a length of 38.5–42 cm (15.2–16.5 in). Both sexes are similar in appearance. It is mainly dark bluish-gray, with the color being lighter on the head and underparts, and almost black on the wings and tail. The feathers on the top of the head, nape, neck, breast and upper back have iridescent green or purple fringes. The orbital skin is yellow, while the iris has a yellow inner ring and a red outer ring. The legs and beak are black. Juveniles are duller, with brownish-gray plumage, and have light fawn-white fringes to feathers.[6][5]

Vocalizations

The advertising call is a long crrruah...crrruah..rrah.rah.ra.ra.ra-ra-ra-r-r-r-r which starts with purrs that are similar to those of the European turtle dove and then becomes a series of stuttering notes before fading. It lasts for 6–8 seconds and consists of 20–25 notes. It is repeated around every half minute.[5][6]

Distribution and habitat

The black cuckoo-dove is endemic to the Lesser Sunda Islands and is found on Timor, Wetar, Rote, and Atauro. It inhabits primary and secondary monsoon forest, eucalyptus forest, and woodland at elevations of up to 1,770 m (5,810 ft), and is moderately tolerant of habitat destruction. It is thought to migrate seasonally depending on food availability.[6][7]

Behavior and ecology

The black cuckoo-dove is mainly found singly or in pairs in the subcanopy. It is a quiet species and flies swiftly to nearby perches when flushed.[5]

Diet

It feeds on fruit. It forages singly or in pairs in bushes and small trees.[6] Flocks also congregate at fruiting trees.[7]

Parasites

It is parasitized by the quill mite Meitingsunes turacoenas, which is present on its flight feathers.[8]

Status

The species is listed as being near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in the IUCN Red List, due to population declines and a restricted distribution. Its population is estimated to be 1,500–7,000 mature adults, and 2,500–9,999 total individuals. Threats to the species include severe deforestation caused by grazing, burning, agriculture, and logging. It is also threatened by intensive hunting in Timor.[7]

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Turacoena modesta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22690609A111166273. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22690609A111166273.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Christopher Helm. pp. 257, 392. ISBN 978-1-4081-3326-2.
  3. ^ a b "Pigeons – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  4. ^ "Turacoena modesta (Black Cuckoo-Dove) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
  5. ^ a b c d Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace; Cox, John (2001). Pigeons and Doves: A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. Pica Press. ISBN 978-1-8734-0360-0. OCLC 701718514.
  6. ^ a b c d e Baptista, Luis F.; Trail, Pepper W.; Horblit, H.M.; Boesman, Peter F. D.; Garcia, Ernest (2020-03-04), Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.), "Slaty Cuckoo-Dove (Turacoena modesta)", Birds of the World, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, doi:10.2173/bow.slacud1.01, retrieved 2021-10-20
  7. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2017). "Turacoena modesta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22690609A111166273. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22690609A111166273.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  8. ^ Kaszewska, Katarzyna; Skoracki, Maciej; Kavetska, Katarzyna (2016-05-10). "Two new Meitingsunes species (Acari: Syringophilidae) from Indonesian doves (Columbiformes: Columbidae)". Zootaxa. 4109 (4): 479. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4109.4.6. ISSN 1175-5334.