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Osun State was created from the old Oyo State in August 1991, has a large population of both[Muslims and Christians.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-nigeria.net/osun.html |title=E-Nigeria - Maps - Osun |access-date=12 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315104243/http://www.e-nigeria.net/osun.html |archive-date=15 March 2010 }}</ref> Among the famous religious leaders from Osun State is the London-based Muslim cleric [[Sheikh Adelabu|Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]], who hails from the state's capital city, [[Osogbo]] and Pastor (Dr.) Johnson Ade Odewale of Christ Apostolic church, Calvary Assembly from Odeomu, who is based in Boston, USA. The popular Pastor [[Enoch Adeboye|E.A Adeboye]] hails from Ifewara in Osun state. Also Pastor [[David Oyedepo]] among others. The Osun State government claims to offer services to both Muslims and Christians in the state, especially through Pilgrims Welfare Boards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osunstate.gov.ng/commissions.htm |title=::: Welcome to the official website of Osun State Government &#124; the Living Spring &#124; Nigeria ::: |access-date=12 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315170049/http://www.osunstate.gov.ng/commissions.htm |archive-date=15 March 2010 }}</ref>
Osun State was created from the old Oyo State in August 1991, has a large population of both[Muslims and Christians.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-nigeria.net/osun.html |title=E-Nigeria - Maps - Osun |access-date=12 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315104243/http://www.e-nigeria.net/osun.html |archive-date=15 March 2010 }}</ref> Among the famous religious leaders from Osun State is the London-based Muslim cleric [[Sheikh Adelabu|Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]], who hails from the state's capital city, [[Osogbo]] and Pastor (Dr.) Johnson Ade Odewale of Christ Apostolic church, Calvary Assembly from Odeomu, who is based in Boston, USA. The popular Pastor [[Enoch Adeboye|E.A Adeboye]] hails from Ifewara in Osun state. Also Pastor [[David Oyedepo]] among others. The Osun State government claims to offer services to both Muslims and Christians in the state, especially through Pilgrims Welfare Boards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osunstate.gov.ng/commissions.htm |title=::: Welcome to the official website of Osun State Government &#124; the Living Spring &#124; Nigeria ::: |access-date=12 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315170049/http://www.osunstate.gov.ng/commissions.htm |archive-date=15 March 2010 }}</ref>


The major traditional rulers in Osun State acclaim either the Faith of Islam or Christianity. While, for instance, [[Ile-Ife|Ooni of Ife Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi (Ojaja II)]] and [[Ijesha|Owa Obokun Adimula of Ijesaland Oba Gabriel Adekunle (Aromolaran II)]], [[Modakeke|Oba Moses Oyediran Ogunsua Of Modakeke]], [[Okuku, Osun State|Oba Samuel Oyebode Oluronke II (Olokuku of Okuku)]], and Oba Sunday Olatokun (Olotan of Otan Ile) ascribe to Christianity, [[Ila Orangun|Orangun of (Ile) Ila-Orangun Oba Wahab Kayode Adedeji Oyedotun (Arutu-Oluokun Bibiire I)]], [[Osogbo|Ataoja of Osogbo Oba Jimoh Olaonipekun Oyetunji (Larooye II)]], [[Ede, Nigeria|Timi of Ede Oba Munirudeen Adesola Lawal (Laminisa I)]], [[Iragbiji#:~:text=As of 2003, Timothy Oyelade, Muraina Oyelami hails from here.|Aragbiji of iragbiji (Oba Abdulrasheed Ayotunde Olabomi)]],{{CN|date=January 2023}} Owa of [[Otan Ayegbaju]] Oba Lukman Ojo Fadipe (Olatanka III) and [[Iwo, Nigeria|Oluwo of Iwo Oba Abdul Rasheed Adewale Akanbi (Ilufemiloye Telu I)]] practiced Islam. The dominant religions in Osun State are Islam and Christianity although a certain amount of traditional religion is still practiced.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 September 2021|title=Left behind: Traditional religion worshippers lament isolation, govt bias, battle everyday rejection|url=https://punchng.com/left-behind-traditional-religion-worshippers-lament-isolation-govt-bias-battle-everyday-rejection/|access-date=17 December 2021|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref>
The major traditional rulers in Osun State acclaim either the Faith of Islam or Christianity. While, for instance, [[Ile-Ife|Ooni of Ife Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi (Ojaja II)]] and [[Ijesha|Owa Obokun Adimula of Ijesaland Oba Gabriel Adekunle (Aromolaran II)]], [[Modakeke|Oba Moses Oyediran Ogunsua Of Modakeke]], [[Okuku, Osun State|Oba Samuel Oyebode Oluronke II (Olokuku of Okuku)]], and Oba Sunday Olatokun (Olotan of Otan Ile) ascribe to Christianity, [[Ila Orangun|Orangun of (Ile) Ila-Orangun Oba Wahab Kayode Adedeji Oyedotun (Arutu-Oluokun Bibiire I)]], [[Osogbo|Ataoja of Osogbo Oba Jimoh Olaonipekun Oyetunji (Larooye II)]], [[Ede, Nigeria|Timi of Ede Oba Munirudeen Adesola Lawal (Laminisa I)]], [[Iragbiji#:~:text=As of 2003, Timothy Oyelade, Muraina Oyelami hails from here.|Aragbiji of iragbiji (Oba Abdulrasheed Ayotunde Olabomi)]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘In Iragbiji, we guard our cultural heritage jealously’ - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/in-iragbiji-we-guard-our-cultural-heritage-jealously/ |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=dailytrust.com}}</ref> Owa of [[Otan Ayegbaju]] Oba Lukman Ojo Fadipe (Olatanka III) and [[Iwo, Nigeria|Oluwo of Iwo Oba Abdul Rasheed Adewale Akanbi (Ilufemiloye Telu I)]] practiced Islam. The dominant religions in Osun State are Islam and Christianity although a certain amount of traditional religion is still practiced.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 September 2021|title=Left behind: Traditional religion worshippers lament isolation, govt bias, battle everyday rejection|url=https://punchng.com/left-behind-traditional-religion-worshippers-lament-isolation-govt-bias-battle-everyday-rejection/|access-date=17 December 2021|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref>


== Education ==
== Education ==

Revision as of 09:13, 12 June 2023

Osun State
State
Flag of Osun State
Flag
Official seal of Osun State
Seal
Nicknames: 
Land of Virtue
Location of Osun State in Nigeria
Location of Osun State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 07°30′N 4°30′E / 7.500°N 4.500°E / 7.500; 4.500
Country Nigeria
Geopolitical ZoneSouth West
Date created27 August 1991
CapitalOsogbo
Government
 • BodyGovernment of Osun State
 • GovernorAdemola Adeleke (PDP)
 • Deputy GovernorKola Adewusi
 • LegislatureOsun State House of Assembly
 • SenatorsC: Ajibola Basiru (APC)
E: Fadahunsi Francis Adenigba (PDP)
W: Adelere Adeyemi Oriolowo (APC)
 • RepresentativesList
Area
 • Total9,251 km2 (3,572 sq mi)
 • Rank28th of 36
Population
 (2006 census)
 • Total3,416,959[1]
 • Rank17th of 36
DemonymOsunian
GDP (PPP)
 • Year2021
 • Total$14.86 billion[2]
 • Per capita$2,691[2]
Time zoneUTC+01 (WAT)
postal code
230001
ISO 3166 codeNG-OS
HDI (2018)0.609[3]
medium · 14th of 37
Websitewww.osunstate.gov.ng

Osun State (/ˈoʊʃuːn/; Template:Lang-yo), occasionally known as the State of Osun by the state government, is a state in southwestern Nigeria; bounded to the east by Ekiti and Ondo states, to the north by Kwara State, to the south by Ogun State and to the west by Oyo State. Named for the River Osun—a vital river which flows through the state—the state was formed from the southeast of Oyo State on 27 August 1991 and has its capital as the city of Osogbo.[4][5]

Of the 36 states of Nigeria, Osun is the ninth smallest in area and nineteenth most populous with an estimated population of about 4.7 million as of 2016.[6][7] Geographically, the state is divided between the Nigerian lowland forests in most of the state and the drier Guinean forest–savanna mosaic in the north. The major geographical features are rivers including the state's namesake, the River Osun which bisects the state's interior before forming much of the state's southwestern border with Oyo State and flowing south. Other important rivers are the Erinle and Oba rivers, both Osun tributaries which flow from the north before meeting the Osun along the southwestern border. Among the state's fauna are mona monkey, common kestrel, purple heron, and royal antelope, along with some of Nigeria's last remaining Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee and African forest elephant which inhabit the heavily threatened forests along the southern borders with Ondo and Ogun states.[8][9][10]

Osun State is primarily inhabited by the Yoruba people, mainly of the Ibolo, Ifẹ, Igbomina, Ijesha, and Oyo subgroups.

In the pre-colonial period, the area that is now Osun State was split up between various Western Yoruba states with some states being town-based as others were part of larger empires like the Oyo Empire. From 1877 to 1893, Western Yoruba states fought the Kiriji War alongside other Eastern Yoruba groups against Eastern Yoruba groups; the war ended in a British-brokered stalemate before the area was colonized and incorporated into the British Southern Nigeria Protectorate which later merged into British Nigeria in 1914. After independence in 1960, the area of now-Osun was a part of the post-independence Western Region until 1967 when the region was split and the area became part of the Western State. In 1976, the Western State was split and the state's west became Oyo State. Fifteen years later, Oyo State's east was broken off to form Osun State.

Economically, Osun State is largely based around agriculture, mainly of cocoa, cassava, millet, maize, potato and yam crops. Other key industries are services, especially in urban areas, along with artisanal mining and livestock herding. Osun is home to several of Nigeria's most famous landmarks, including the campus of Obafemi Awolowo University, one of Nigeria's pre-eminent institutions of higher learning. The university is located in the ancient town of Ile-Ifẹ, an important early center of political and religious development for Yoruba culture. Other important cities and towns include the ancient kingdom-capitals of Ila Orangun, Iragbiji, Ada, Ikirun, Oke-Ila Orangun, Ijebu-Jesa,Erin Oke, Ipetumodu, Ede, Iwo, Ejigbo, Ibokun, Ode-Omu, Otan Ayegbaju, Ifetedo, Esa-Oke, Ilesa, Okuku, Otan-Ile and Igbajo. Osun State is additionally noted for having the second highest literacy rate in the country.[11]

History

The modern State of Osun was created on 27 August 1991 from part of the old Oyo State. The state's name is derived from the River Osun, the venerated natural spring that is the manifestation of the Yoruba goddess of the same name.[12]

The former Governor Olagunsoye Oyinlola launched and laid the foundation for the groundbreaking of Osun State University with six campuses (Osogbo, Okuku, Ikire, Ejigbo, Ifetedo, and Ipetu-Ijesha) strategically located across the state. Important cultural events in the state include the Ori Oke[13] and Egungun festival (masquerade festival)[14] in Iragbiji,[15] Olojo in Ife and the Osun Osogbo festival.[16]

Culture

Osun temple

Every year, adherents and non-adherents of Osun, one of the Orisa (the traditional deities of the Yoruba people), travel from all over the world to attend the annual Osun-Osogbo festival in August. Visitors include nationals of Brazil, Cuba, Trinidad, Grenada, and other nations in the Americas with a significant Yoruba cultural heritage. Annual traditional festivities and invocations of the Osun goddess are held along the banks of the river bearing her name into which – according to Yoruba Oratory traditions – she transformed.[17]

Ọsun-Ọsogbo Grove, the shrine of the annual rites of the deity and an important artistic center, was declared a World Heritage Site in 2005.[18]

Demographics

The major sub-ethnic groups in Ọsun State are Ife, Ijesha, Oyo, Ibolo and Igbomina of the Yoruba people, although there are also people from other parts of Nigeria. Yoruba and English are the official languages. People of Osun State practice Islam, Christianity and the traditional faith.[19]

Climate

The climate of Osun is tropical savanna usually warm, with a wet and dry season. It has a  yearly average temperature of 64 °F and receives approximately 596 inches of rainfall. It is dry for 59 days throughout the year, with an average moisture in the air of 77% and a UV index of 7.[20]

Tourism

The State of Osun is home to a lot of tourist attractions based on its rich history and the cultural base of the Yoruba.

Osun River in osun state, Nigeria

This place is considered as an heritage site. It is located along the Osun river and it is home to the goddess of fertility, Yemoja.[21]

Erin-Ijesha Waterfalls is located in Erin-Ijesha. It is a tourist attraction located in Oriade local. The fall features seven floors.[22]

Mineral Resources in Osun State

The following are the mineral resources in Osun State[23]

  • Gold
  • Granite
  • Columbite
  • Talc
  • Tantalite
  • Tourmaline

Muslims and Christians in Osun

Osun State was created from the old Oyo State in August 1991, has a large population of both[Muslims and Christians.[24] Among the famous religious leaders from Osun State is the London-based Muslim cleric Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah Adelabu, who hails from the state's capital city, Osogbo and Pastor (Dr.) Johnson Ade Odewale of Christ Apostolic church, Calvary Assembly from Odeomu, who is based in Boston, USA. The popular Pastor E.A Adeboye hails from Ifewara in Osun state. Also Pastor David Oyedepo among others. The Osun State government claims to offer services to both Muslims and Christians in the state, especially through Pilgrims Welfare Boards.[25]

The major traditional rulers in Osun State acclaim either the Faith of Islam or Christianity. While, for instance, Ooni of Ife Oba Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi (Ojaja II) and Owa Obokun Adimula of Ijesaland Oba Gabriel Adekunle (Aromolaran II), Oba Moses Oyediran Ogunsua Of Modakeke, Oba Samuel Oyebode Oluronke II (Olokuku of Okuku), and Oba Sunday Olatokun (Olotan of Otan Ile) ascribe to Christianity, Orangun of (Ile) Ila-Orangun Oba Wahab Kayode Adedeji Oyedotun (Arutu-Oluokun Bibiire I), Ataoja of Osogbo Oba Jimoh Olaonipekun Oyetunji (Larooye II), Timi of Ede Oba Munirudeen Adesola Lawal (Laminisa I), Aragbiji of iragbiji (Oba Abdulrasheed Ayotunde Olabomi),[26] Owa of Otan Ayegbaju Oba Lukman Ojo Fadipe (Olatanka III) and Oluwo of Iwo Oba Abdul Rasheed Adewale Akanbi (Ilufemiloye Telu I) practiced Islam. The dominant religions in Osun State are Islam and Christianity although a certain amount of traditional religion is still practiced.[27]

Education

A list of tertiary institutions in Osun state includes:

Local Government Areas

See also: List of villages in Osun State

Osun State is divided into three federal senatorial districts, each of which is composed of two administrative zones. The state consists of thirty Local Government Areas and Area offices, the primary (third-tier) unit of government in Nigeria.

Osun State's 30 Local Government Area headquarters:

LGA Headquarters
Aiyedaade Gbongan
Aiyedire Ile Ogbo
Atakunmosa East Iperindo
Atakunmosa West Osu
Boluwaduro Otan Ayegbaju
Boripe Iragbiji
Ede North Oja Timi
Ede South Ede
Egbedore Awo
Ejigbo Ejigbo
Ife Central Ile-Ife
Ife East Oke-Ogbo
Ife North Ipetumodu
Ife South Ifetedo
Ifedayo Oke-Ila Orangun
Ifelodun Ikirun
Ila Ila Orangun
Ilesa East Ilesa
Ilesa West Ereja Square
Irepodun Ilobu
Irewole Ikire
Isokan Apomu
Iwo Iwo
Obokun Ibokun
Odo Otin Okuku
Ola Oluwa Bode Osi
Olorunda Igbonna, Osogbo
Oriade Ijebu-Jesa
Orolu Ifon Osun
Osogbo Osogbo

List of current Local Government Area Chairmen.[30]

Notable people

Politics

The state government is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with members of the state's house of assembly. The capital city of the state is Osogbo[52]

Electoral System

The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas.[53]

See also

References

  1. ^ "2006 PHC Priority Tables – NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION". population.gov.ng. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  2. ^ a b Okeowo, Gabriel; Fatoba, Iyanuoluwa, eds. (13 October 2022). "State of States 2022 Edition" (PDF). Budgit.org. BudgIT. Retrieved 7 March 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  4. ^ Onyeakagbu, Adaobi. "See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names". Pulse.ng. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  5. ^ "This is how the 36 states were created". Pulse.ng. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  6. ^ "Osun - Nigeria | Data and Statistics". knoema.com. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  7. ^ "Population 2006-2016". National Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  8. ^ Okekedunu, J.O.; Ogunjemite, Babafemi; Adeyemo, I.A.; Olaniyi, Oluwatobi (January 2014). "Daily activity budget of the Mona monkey was studied in Ibodi Monkey Forest, Osun State, Nigeria". FUTA Journal of Research in Sciences. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  9. ^ Owolabi, Bibitayo Ayobami; Adewumi, Adebayo; Odewumi, Oluyinka Sunday; Okosodo, Ehi Francis; Orimaye, Jacob Oluwafemi (March 2018). "Survey of Avifauna Species of a Degraded Environment: Case Study of Osun State University, College of Agriculture, Ejigbo, Nigeria". Merit Research Journal of Environmental Science and Toxicology. 6 (2). Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  10. ^ Uwaegbulam, Chinedum (14 November 2016). "Conservationists discover chimpanzees in South West". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  11. ^ "Action Plan - Nigeria" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ "Osun and INEC'S redemption". TheCable. 24 July 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  13. ^ "Iragbiji hills: Monuments of nature's beauty". 30 October 2018.
  14. ^ "Obatala Centre for Creative Arts © 2004".
  15. ^ AdminTO (1 August 2017). "We must all foster religious harmony —Aragbiji of Iragbiji". Tribune Online. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  16. ^ "Everything You Need to Know About the Osun-Osogbo Festival". 18 July 2016.
  17. ^ "Osun State of Nigeria :: Nigeria Information & Guide". www.nigeriagalleria.com. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  18. ^ "Osogbo | Location, History, Facts, & Population | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  19. ^ "The People – Osun State Official Website". Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  20. ^ "Osun weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature". www.besttravelmonths.com. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  21. ^ "Four Places to Visit in Osun State". 19 May 2018.
  22. ^ "A sanctuary of purity and beauty". 24 January 2018.
  23. ^ "Natural Resources – Welcome To The Embassy of Nigeria". Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  24. ^ "E-Nigeria - Maps - Osun". Archived from the original on 15 March 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
  25. ^ "::: Welcome to the official website of Osun State Government | the Living Spring | Nigeria :::". Archived from the original on 15 March 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
  26. ^ "'In Iragbiji, we guard our cultural heritage jealously' - Daily Trust". dailytrust.com. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  27. ^ "Left behind: Traditional religion worshippers lament isolation, govt bias, battle everyday rejection". Punch Newspapers. 12 September 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  28. ^ "FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION IWO – IWO, OSUN STATE". Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  29. ^ "Management – Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila-Orangun". Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  30. ^ "Local Government Areas – The Official Website Of The State Of Osun". Osunstate.gov.ng. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  31. ^ "RCCG Miracle Center | History". www.rccgmunich.com. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  32. ^ "Remembering the thunderking of theatre, Duro Ladipo". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 7 March 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  33. ^ "Remembering one of Nigeria's pioneer comedians, Gbenga 'Funwotan' Adeboye". Nigerian Entertainment Today. 1 May 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  34. ^ "Yoruba actress, Toyin Adegbola, appointed government official | Premium Times Nigeria". 5 August 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  35. ^ Trapp, J. B. (23 September 2004). "Grocyn, William (1449?–1519), cleric and Greek scholar". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11650. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  36. ^ admin (30 April 2017). "Isiaka Adeleke: The Death that Stunned Osun". THISDAYLIVE. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  37. ^ "Akande and his hidden treasures". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 2 December 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  38. ^ "General Akinrinade @ 80". Vanguard News. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
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  41. ^ "I'm a self-development junkie— Olusola Amusan". Punch Newspapers. 3 September 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
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  43. ^ "My encounter with bead painting - Lanre Buraimoh". Vanguard News. 5 June 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
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  47. ^ "11 things you probably didn't know about Bola Ige". The Nation Newspaper. 23 December 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
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  53. ^ Oguntola, Tunde (27 September 2022). "2023: Next President, Govs Must Get Two-thirds Spread, Says INEC". Retrieved 23 February 2023.
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