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'''Nephrozoa''' (tube-animals) is a proposed major [[clade]] of [[bilateria]]n [[animal]]s. It includes all bilaterians other than [[Xenacoelomorpha]]. It contrasts with the [[Xenambulacraria]] hypothesis, which instead posits that Xenacoelomorpha is most closely related to [[Ambulacraria]].<ref name="PhilippePoustka2019">{{cite journal |last1=Philippe |first1=Hervé |last2=Poustka |first2=Albert J. |last3=Chiodin |first3=Marta |last4=Hoff |first4=Katharina J. |last5=Dessimoz |first5=Christophe |last6=Tomiczek |first6=Bartlomiej |last7=Schiffer |first7=Philipp H. |display-authors=etal |year=2019 |title=Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria |journal=Current Biology |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=1818–1826.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009 |issn=0960-9822 |pmid=31104936 |s2cid=155104811 |hdl-access=free |hdl=21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marlétaz |first=Ferdinand |date=2019-06-17 |title=Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians |journal=Current Biology |volume=29 |issue=12 |pages=R577–R579 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006 |issn=0960-9822 |pmid=31211978 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Kapli_2020">{{cite journal |last1=Kapli |first1=Paschalia |last2=Telford |first2=Maximilian J. |date=11 Dec 2020 |title=Topology-dependent asymmetry in systematic errors affects phylogenetic placement of Ctenophora and Xenacoelomorpha |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=eabc5162 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abc5162 |pmc=7732190 |pmid=33310849 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="telford">{{Cite journal |last1=Kapli |first1=Paschalia |last2=Natsidis |first2=Paschalis |last3=Leite |first3=Daniel J. |last4=Fursman |first4=Maximilian |last5=Jeffrie |first5=Nadia |last6=Rahman |first6=Imran A. |last7=Philippe |first7=Hervé |last8=Copley |first8=Richard R. |last9=Telford |first9=Maximilian J. |date=2021-03-19 |title=Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=eabe2741 |bibcode=2021SciA....7.2741K |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abe2741 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=7978419 |pmid=33741592}}</ref><ref name="gnathifera">{{Cite journal |last1=Marlétaz |first1=Ferdinand |last2=Peijnenburg |first2=Katja T.C.A. |last3=Goto |first3=Taichiro |last4=Satoh |first4=Noriyuki |last5=Rokhsar |first5=Daniel S. |date=2019-01-21 |title=A New Spiralian Phylogeny Places the Enigmatic Arrow Worms among Gnathiferans |journal=Current Biology |language=en |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=312–318.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042 |pmid=30639106 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Which hypothesis is correct is controversial. Authors supporting the Xenambulacraria hypothesis have suggested that the genetic evidence used to support Nephrozoa may be due to systematic error.<ref name="PhilippePoustka2019" />
'''Nephrozoa''' is a proposed major [[clade]] of [[bilateria]]n [[animal]]s. It includes all bilaterians other than [[Xenacoelomorpha]]. It contrasts with the [[Xenambulacraria]] hypothesis, which instead posits that Xenacoelomorpha is most closely related to [[Ambulacraria]].<ref name="PhilippePoustka2019">{{cite journal |last1=Philippe |first1=Hervé |last2=Poustka |first2=Albert J. |last3=Chiodin |first3=Marta |last4=Hoff |first4=Katharina J. |last5=Dessimoz |first5=Christophe |last6=Tomiczek |first6=Bartlomiej |last7=Schiffer |first7=Philipp H. |display-authors=etal |year=2019 |title=Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria |journal=Current Biology |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=1818–1826.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009 |issn=0960-9822 |pmid=31104936 |s2cid=155104811 |hdl-access=free |hdl=21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marlétaz |first=Ferdinand |date=2019-06-17 |title=Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians |journal=Current Biology |volume=29 |issue=12 |pages=R577–R579 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006 |issn=0960-9822 |pmid=31211978 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Kapli_2020">{{cite journal |last1=Kapli |first1=Paschalia |last2=Telford |first2=Maximilian J. |date=11 Dec 2020 |title=Topology-dependent asymmetry in systematic errors affects phylogenetic placement of Ctenophora and Xenacoelomorpha |journal=Science Advances |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=eabc5162 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abc5162 |pmc=7732190 |pmid=33310849 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="telford">{{Cite journal |last1=Kapli |first1=Paschalia |last2=Natsidis |first2=Paschalis |last3=Leite |first3=Daniel J. |last4=Fursman |first4=Maximilian |last5=Jeffrie |first5=Nadia |last6=Rahman |first6=Imran A. |last7=Philippe |first7=Hervé |last8=Copley |first8=Richard R. |last9=Telford |first9=Maximilian J. |date=2021-03-19 |title=Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=eabe2741 |bibcode=2021SciA....7.2741K |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abe2741 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=7978419 |pmid=33741592}}</ref><ref name="gnathifera">{{Cite journal |last1=Marlétaz |first1=Ferdinand |last2=Peijnenburg |first2=Katja T.C.A. |last3=Goto |first3=Taichiro |last4=Satoh |first4=Noriyuki |last5=Rokhsar |first5=Daniel S. |date=2019-01-21 |title=A New Spiralian Phylogeny Places the Enigmatic Arrow Worms among Gnathiferans |journal=Current Biology |language=en |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=312–318.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042 |pmid=30639106 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Which hypothesis is correct is controversial. Authors supporting the Xenambulacraria hypothesis have suggested that the genetic evidence used to support Nephrozoa may be due to systematic error.<ref name="PhilippePoustka2019" />


Below is a proposed [[phylogenetic tree]] of Nephrozoa:
Below is a proposed [[phylogenetic tree]] of Nephrozoa:

Revision as of 14:00, 24 August 2024

Nephrozoa
Temporal range: Ediacaran - Present, 558–0 Ma
EchinodermChordataEcdysozoaHemichordataLophotrochozoaPlatyzoa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Clade: ParaHoxozoa
Clade: Bilateria
Clade: Nephrozoa
Jondelius et al., 2002
Subdivisions
Synonyms

Eubilateria Ax, 1987

Nephrozoa is a proposed major clade of bilaterian animals. It includes all bilaterians other than Xenacoelomorpha. It contrasts with the Xenambulacraria hypothesis, which instead posits that Xenacoelomorpha is most closely related to Ambulacraria.[1][2][3][4][5] Which hypothesis is correct is controversial. Authors supporting the Xenambulacraria hypothesis have suggested that the genetic evidence used to support Nephrozoa may be due to systematic error.[1]

Below is a proposed phylogenetic tree of Nephrozoa:

Bilateria

References

  1. ^ a b Philippe, Hervé; Poustka, Albert J.; Chiodin, Marta; Hoff, Katharina J.; Dessimoz, Christophe; Tomiczek, Bartlomiej; Schiffer, Philipp H.; et al. (2019). "Mitigating Anticipated Effects of Systematic Errors Supports Sister-Group Relationship between Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria". Current Biology. 29 (11): 1818–1826.e6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.009. hdl:21.11116/0000-0004-DC4B-1. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31104936. S2CID 155104811.
  2. ^ Marlétaz, Ferdinand (2019-06-17). "Zoology: Worming into the Origin of Bilaterians". Current Biology. 29 (12): R577 – R579. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.006. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 31211978.
  3. ^ Kapli, Paschalia; Telford, Maximilian J. (11 Dec 2020). "Topology-dependent asymmetry in systematic errors affects phylogenetic placement of Ctenophora and Xenacoelomorpha". Science Advances. 6 (10): eabc5162. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc5162. PMC 7732190. PMID 33310849.
  4. ^ Kapli, Paschalia; Natsidis, Paschalis; Leite, Daniel J.; Fursman, Maximilian; Jeffrie, Nadia; Rahman, Imran A.; Philippe, Hervé; Copley, Richard R.; Telford, Maximilian J. (2021-03-19). "Lack of support for Deuterostomia prompts reinterpretation of the first Bilateria". Science Advances. 7 (12): eabe2741. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2741K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe2741. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7978419. PMID 33741592.
  5. ^ Marlétaz, Ferdinand; Peijnenburg, Katja T.C.A.; Goto, Taichiro; Satoh, Noriyuki; Rokhsar, Daniel S. (2019-01-21). "A New Spiralian Phylogeny Places the Enigmatic Arrow Worms among Gnathiferans". Current Biology. 29 (2): 312–318.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042. PMID 30639106.

Further reading


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