Turismo Carretera: Difference between revisions
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*[[Autódromo Provincia de La Pampa]] |
*[[Autódromo Provincia de La Pampa]] |
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== |
==Vehicle overview== |
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Turismo Carretera cars are built by individual teams and constructors to a set of regulations designed to create [[Parity (sports)|parity]] between the various manufacturers involved.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://actc.org.ar/upload/rules/330.pdf|title=REGLAMENTO TÉCNICO DE LA CATEGORÍA TURISMO CARRETERA|language=Spanish|publisher=[[Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera]]|date=26 December 2023}}</ref> Since the 1970s, four manufacturers have been concurrently represented in Turismo Carretera using Argentine-built models – [[Chevrolet]] with the [[Chevrolet Coupé SS|Nova]], [[Dodge]] with the [[Dodge GTX (Turismo Carretera)|GTX]], [[Ford Motor Argentina|Ford]] with the [[Ford Falcon (Argentina)|Falcon]], and [[Industrias Kaiser Argentina]] with the [[Torino Cherokee|Torino]]; [[Toyota Argentina|Toyota]] joined in 2022 with the [[Toyota Camry (Turismo Carretera)|Camry XV70]]. The Dodge GTX and IKA Torino were originally equipped with [[Chrysler Slant-6 engine|Slant Six]] and [[Jeep Tornado engine|Tornado]] engines respectively, but both moved to [[AMC Straight 6 engine#4.0|Chrysler Cherokee]] engines in the mid-1990s – the Toyota has exclusively run with a Cherokee engine since its original homologation in 2022. |
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*[[Ford Falcon (Turismo Carretera)|Ford Falcon]] (43 titles) |
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*[[Ford Mustang]] (from 2024) |
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*[[Chevrolet Camaro]] (from 2024) |
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*[[Chevrolet Coupé SS]] (22 titles) |
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*[[Dodge Challenger]] (from 2024) |
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*[[Dodge GTX (Turismo Carretera)|Dodge GTX Cherokee]] (currently powered by a [[AMC Straight 6 engine#4.0|Chrysler Cherokee]] engine) (10 titles) |
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*[[Torino Cherokee]] (currently powered by a Chrysler Cherokee engine) (5 titles) |
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*[[Torino TC 2024]] (from 2024) |
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*[[Toyota Camry (Turismo Carretera)|Toyota Camry 2022]] (since 2022) |
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*[[Toyota Camry (Turismo Carretera)|Toyota Camry 2024]] (since 2024) |
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In 2024, the vehicles were upgraded to their modern counterparts with a focus on retaining [[Original equipment manufacturer|OEM]] styling; the previous cars had all evolved to look very similar. Chevrolet, Dodge and Ford switched to American pony cars in the form of the [[Chevrolet Camaro (sixth generation)|Camaro]], [[Dodge Challenger (2008)|Challenger]] and [[Ford Mustang (seventh generation)|Mustang]] respectively, whilst Toyota retained the still-new Camry but redesigned the front end; a [[Torino TC 2024|concept Torino]] was created as IKA went out of business in 1975.<ref name="twenty four"/> |
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The Dodge GTX and IKA Torino were originally equipped with [[Chrysler Slant-6 engine|Slant Six]] and [[Jeep Tornado engine|Tornado]] engines respectively. In the mid-1990s, both moved to Chrysler Cherokee engines. The Toyota has exclusively run with a Cherokee engine since its original homologation in 2022. |
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===Technical regulations=== |
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* '''Chassis construction:''' Tubular [[Silhouette racing car|silhouettes]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://iad.la/blogs/nascar-vs-turismo-carretera-comparativa-tecnica_98/|title=Nascar vs. Turismo Carretera: Comparativa Técnica|language=Spanish|publisher=Instituto de Automovilismo Deportivo|accessdate=27 October 2024}}</ref> |
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* '''Engine displacement:''' [[Inline-six engine|Inline-six]], {{convert|3260|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|3310|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on}}, depending on the brand |
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* '''Aspiration:''' [[Naturally-aspirated engine|Natural]] |
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* '''Fuel delivery:''' 2 dual-body Weber 48-48 IDA [[Carburetor|carburetors]] |
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* '''Fuel capacity:''' {{convert|100|L|usgal|0}} |
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* '''Fuel:''' Shell V-Power<ref>{{cite news|url=https://actc.org.ar/tc/noticias/shell-v-power-una-nueva-generaci-oacuten_10506.html|title=Shell V-Power, una nueva generación|language=Spanish|publisher=[[Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera]]|date=25 June 2023}}</ref> |
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* '''Tires:''' Neumáticos de Avanzada (NA), 16 inches |
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* '''Minimum weight:''' {{convert|1300|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1315|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}, depending on the brand |
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* '''Power output:''' Approximately {{convert|450|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 9,000 RPM |
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* '''Rear track width:''' {{convert|2010|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} maximum |
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* '''Wheelbase:''' {{convert|2723|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|2849|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}, depending on the brand |
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* '''Gearbox:''' Sáenz TT3 6-speed [[Sequential manual transmission|manual sequential]] + 1 reverse |
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* '''Steering:''' [[Rack and pinion]] |
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== Champions == |
== Champions == |
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Revision as of 10:26, 27 October 2024
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| Category | Stock cars |
|---|---|
| Country |  Argentina |
| Inaugural season | 1937 |
| Drivers' champion | Mariano Werner |
| Makes' champion | Ford |
| Teams' champion | Fadel Guri Martinez Competición |
| Official website | ACTC.org.ar |
 Current season | |
Turismo Carretera (Road racing, lit., Road Touring) is a popular stock car racing series in Argentina, and the oldest auto racing series still active in the world. The series is organized by Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera.
History
The first TC competition took place in 1937 with 12 races, each in a different province. Future Formula One star Juan Manuel Fangio (Chevrolet) won the 1940 and 1941 editions of the TC. It was during this time that the series' Chevrolet-Ford rivalry began, with Ford acquiring most of its historical victories.
Until the 1960s, the majority of races were held on temporarily closed roads (hence the series' name). These improvised circuits would often present a combination of dirt and asphalt surfaces unlike those of dedicated race tracks, and in the early years consisted of both circuit races and stage races. The last street circuit event held by the series was the 1997 season-opener in Santa Teresita, with the championship phasing out road races on safety grounds.
During the 1960s the category began employing high-end technologies, with local manufacturers investing heavily for prestige. Ford Motor Argentina and Chevrolet were main contenders, with Dodge to a lesser degree. The European brand Renault, which had merged with Industrias Kaiser Argentina and thus inherited the Rambler range, was also a contender.
In the 1970s, the Sport Prototipo (modified cars in the Gran Turismo vein) category was spun off TC to allow TC to return to its stock-car roots which made it immensely popular with small-town audiences. The spin-off withered away slowly. A second spin-off was TC 2000 Championship in the 1980s which allowed the showcasing of the smaller cars most Argentines were driving, thus including Peugeot, Renault, Fiat and Volkswagen, and later, Japanese brands as well. TC 2000 soon became as popular as TC itself.
In later years, and to preserve its main draw, TC has been clinging to the older models that have mostly gone out of use in Argentine roads, and incorporated imported engines. In 2024, the series will switch to modern American pony cars.Cite error: The <ref> tag name cannot be a simple integer (see the help page).
Brands in TC still have huge fan bases, with Ford and Chevrolet being the largest. General Motors decided to end manufacturing Chevy Coupé SS (Chevrolet Nova) in Argentina in 1977. Dodge and IKA-Torino are the other two participants with wins in TC.
Pyramid
There are currently four tiers on the Turismo Carretera ladder. The top rung is Turismo Carretera itself, followed by TC Pista as the second division (established in 1995), TC Mouras as the third division (established in 2004 and named after driver Roberto Mouras) and TC Pista Mouras as the fourth division (established in 2008). Pista Mouras is considered the first step for drivers from regional race series to compete nationally.
A fifth category, TC Pick Up, was introduced in 2017 as an alternative rung on the ladder whilst creating a platform for manufacturers to advertise their light commercial trucks.
| Tier | Championships | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turismo Carretera | |
| 2 | TC Pista | |
| 3 | TC Mouras | TC Pick Up |
| 4 | TC Pista Mouras | TC Pista Pick Up |
Format
Championship
Since 2008, Turismo Carretera has held a NASCAR-style "playoff" format alongside its regular championship to decide the champion.
Called the Copa de Oro ("Gold Cup"), the playoffs are typically held over the final five events of a season (three in the COVID-affected 2020 season). The top twelve drivers in the championship after the final round before the playoffs make the cut. All drivers start on zero points, however the championship leader will receive a bonus 15 starting points, and every driver that won an event 'Final' (see below) will receive an additional 8 starting points per win. Ahead of the final round of the season, the top three drivers in the regular standings that did not qualify for the playoffs will be admitted along with the points they scored over the previous four rounds (two in 2020). No bonus points will be awarded to these "last chance qualifiers".
Drivers that qualify for the Copa de Oro are differentiated from regular competitors by running gold numbers on the rear-passenger windows and gold paint on the front undertray.[1]
Event
In modern Turismo Carretera, there are "normal races" and "special races" in each season.
The "normal races" have a format of one qualifying session (held on Saturday) and four races (held on Sunday) per weekend. The first three races – called Series (Heats) – split the field into three separate groups, which are formed from the results of qualifying. The fastest qualifier occupies first place in Heat 1, the second-fastest qualifier occupies first place in Heat 2, and third in Heat 3. The fourth-fastest driver in qualifying occupies second place on the grid in Heat 1, and so on until the entire field is divided into three.[2]
Each heat race is a five-lap sprint and defines the grid positions for the final race (or Final), usually held over 25 laps held in the afternoon. The winners of the three heats occupy the first three positions on the grid, in order of fastest to slowest race time. This process is then followed for the rest of the grid, with the order determined by first a drivers' heat position and then their race time. Drivers who did not finish on the lead lap in their heat race will be moved to the rear of the field for the Final, and their order will be determined by how many laps they complete in the Heats, followed by their race position and then their race time.[2]
In addition, there can be up to four "special races" (carreras especiales) held in the regular season before the playoffs. In 2023, three special races were held: one with a mandatory pitstop for refueling in La Pampa, the Carrera de los Milliones in Rafaela with a special monetary prize for the winner, and the Desafío de las Estrellas in Villicum where the grid is determined by a lottery and there are two mandatory stops to change tyres and refuel. Additionally, there is a Special Races Tournament (Torneo de Carreras Especiales) that gives the winner the opportunity to qualify for the playoffs if they have not made it through via their position the regular season standings.[3][4]
Gallery
-
1930s Chevrolet Coupe. -
Victorio Marchesich's fatal crash in 1950. -
Liebre-Torino. In the late 1960s, major modifications were allowed on automobiles. -
Since the 70s, the same four cars have been kept. -
Modern Turismo Carretera.
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Circuits
The circuits in 2023:
- Autódromo Ciudad de Viedma
- Autódromo Parque Provincia del Neuquén
- Autódromo Enrique Freile
- Autódromo de Concepción del Uruguay
- Autódromo Termas de Río Hondo
- Autódromo Ciudad de Rafaela
- Autódromo Rosamonte
- Circuito San Juan Villicum
- Autódromo Oscar y Juan Gálvez
- Autódromo Rosendo Hernández
- Autódromo Juan María Traverso
- Autódromo Provincia de La Pampa
Vehicle overview
Turismo Carretera cars are built by individual teams and constructors to a set of regulations designed to create parity between the various manufacturers involved.[5] Since the 1970s, four manufacturers have been concurrently represented in Turismo Carretera using Argentine-built models – Chevrolet with the Nova, Dodge with the GTX, Ford with the Falcon, and Industrias Kaiser Argentina with the Torino; Toyota joined in 2022 with the Camry XV70. The Dodge GTX and IKA Torino were originally equipped with Slant Six and Tornado engines respectively, but both moved to Chrysler Cherokee engines in the mid-1990s – the Toyota has exclusively run with a Cherokee engine since its original homologation in 2022.
In 2024, the vehicles were upgraded to their modern counterparts with a focus on retaining OEM styling; the previous cars had all evolved to look very similar. Chevrolet, Dodge and Ford switched to American pony cars in the form of the Camaro, Challenger and Mustang respectively, whilst Toyota retained the still-new Camry but redesigned the front end; a concept Torino was created as IKA went out of business in 1975.[6]
Technical regulations
- Chassis construction: Tubular silhouettes[7]
- Engine displacement: Inline-six, 3,260 cc (199 cu in) to 3,310 cc (202 cu in), depending on the brand
- Aspiration: Natural
- Fuel delivery: 2 dual-body Weber 48-48 IDA carburetors
- Fuel capacity: 100 litres (26 US gal)
- Fuel: Shell V-Power[8]
- Tires: Neumáticos de Avanzada (NA), 16 inches
- Minimum weight: 1,300 kg (2,866 lb) to 1,315 kg (2,899 lb), depending on the brand
- Power output: Approximately 450 hp (336 kW) at 9,000 RPM
- Rear track width: 2,010 mm (79 in) maximum
- Wheelbase: 2,723 mm (107 in) to 2,849 mm (112 in), depending on the brand
- Gearbox: Sáenz TT3 6-speed manual sequential + 1 reverse
- Steering: Rack and pinion
Champions
Other active drivers
- Juan Pablo Gianini
- Julián Santero
- Gabriel Ponce de León
- Gastón Mazzacane
- Facundo Ardusso
- Camilo Echevarría
- Leonel Pernía
- Emiliano Spataro
- Camilo Echevarría
- Ricardo Risatti III
- Jonatan Castellano
References
- ^ "REGLAMENTO GENERAL CAMPEONATO ARGENTINO DE PILOTOS AÑO 2022 CATEGORIA TURISMO CARRETERA FISCALIZADA POR LA C.A.F. DE LA A.C.T.C" (PDF) (in Spanish). Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- ^ a b "ACTC - 07/02/2023 - Reglamento Campeonato TC 2023". actc.org.ar. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ Caltana, Ariel (2023-02-15). "Cuántas carreras especiales tendrá el TC en 2023 | SoloTC". SoloTC | Turismo Carretera (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ Caltana, Ariel (2023-09-21). "Cuatro ganadores complicados en la Copa de Oro del TC | SoloTC". SoloTC | Turismo Carretera (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ "REGLAMENTO TÉCNICO DE LA CATEGORÍA TURISMO CARRETERA" (PDF) (in Spanish). Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera. 26 December 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
twenty fourwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Nascar vs. Turismo Carretera: Comparativa Técnica" (in Spanish). Instituto de Automovilismo Deportivo. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
- ^ "Shell V-Power, una nueva generación" (in Spanish). Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera. 25 June 2023.
External links
- (in Spanish) Official site
- (in Spanish) Information & History Archived 2005-08-18 at the Wayback Machine
- (in Spanish) History Archived 2008-05-06 at the Wayback Machine
- (in Spanish) Statistics, games, wallpapers