Inca flycatcher: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of bird}} |
{{Short description|Species of bird}} |
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{{Use American English|date=December 2024}} |
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{{Speciesbox |
{{Speciesbox |
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| name = Inca flycatcher |
| name = Inca flycatcher |
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| image = Leptopogon taczanowskii.jpg |
| image = Leptopogon taczanowskii.jpg |
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| status = |
| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name= |
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2023 |title=Inca Flycatcher ''Leptopogon taczanowskii'' |volume=2023 |page=e.T22698810A226582431 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22698810A226582431.en |access-date=31 December 2024}}</ref> |
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| genus = Leptopogon |
| genus = Leptopogon |
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| species = taczanowskii |
| species = taczanowskii |
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The '''Inca flycatcher''' ('''''Leptopogon taczanowskii''''') is a species of [[bird]] in the family [[Tyrannidae]]. It is [[endemic]] to [[Peru]]. |
The '''Inca flycatcher''' ('''''Leptopogon taczanowskii''''') is a species of [[bird]] in the family [[Tyrannidae]], the tyrant flycatchers. It is [[endemic]] to [[Peru]].<ref name=IOC14.2>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/flycatchers/ |title=Tyrant flycatchers |website=IOC World Bird List |version =v 14.2 | editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |date=August 2024 |access-date=19 August 2024 }}</ref> |
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==Taxonomy and systematics== |
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Its natural [[habitat]] is subtropical or tropical moist [[montane forest]]s. |
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The Inca flycatcher was [[Species description|originally described]] in 1884 as ''Leptopogon rufipectus''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Taczanowski |first=Władysław | date= 1884 | title=Ornithologie du Pérou | publisher=Typographie Oberthur | volume=2 | page=249 |language=Latin and French |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14357967 |access-date=December 31, 2024}}</ref> Due to a conflict of this [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial]] with that of what is now the [[rufous-breasted flycatcher]], by the [[principle of priority]] it was renamed ''Leptopogon taczanowskii'' in 1917.<ref>{{cite book | last=Hellmayr |first=Carl Edward | date= 1917 | title=Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern | publisher=E. Reinhardt | volume=13 | page=198–199 |language=German |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8754158 |
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|access-date=December 31, 2024}}</ref> |
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The Inca flycatcher is [[monotypic]].<ref name=IOC14.2/> It and the rufous-breasted flycatcher (''L. rufipectus'') are [[sister species]] and may form a [[superspecies]].<ref name=SACClist>Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved 26 November 2024</ref> |
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==Description== |
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The Inca flycatcher is {{convert|12|to|13.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} long; two individuals weighed {{convert|11.5|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} and a third {{convert|13|g|oz|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a dark olive or brownish olive crown. Their face is mostly mottled blackish and whitish with a thin whitish [[eye-ring]]. Their back and rump are olive green. Their wings are dusky with olivaceous edges on the flight feathers. Their wing coverts are dusky with ochraceous tips that show as two [[wing bar]]s. Their tail is warm dusky olive. Their chin and upper throat are grayish, their lower throat and breast are tawy, and their belly is pale olive yellow. They have a dark brown iris, a black bill, and dark gray legs and feet. Juveniles have wider and more rufous edges on their flight feathers than adults.<ref name=INFL-BOW>Schulenberg, T. S. and T. Johnson (2020). Inca Flycatcher (''Leptopogon taczanowskii''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.incfly1.01 retrieved December 31, 2024</ref><ref name=Schulenberg>{{cite book | last =Schulenberg | first =T.S. | last2 =Stotz | first2 =D.F. | last3 =Lane | first3 =D.F. | last4 =O'Neill | first4 =J.P. | last5 =Parker | first5 =T.A. III | title =Birds of Peru | publisher =Princeton University Press | edition =revised and updated |series=Princeton Field Guides | date =2010 | location =Princeton, NJ | pages =404 |isbn = 978-0691130231 }}</ref> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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The Inca flycatcher is found on the east slope of the Peruvian Andes from the [[Marañón River]] south to [[Cuzco Department]]. It inhabits the interior and edges of humid [[montane forest]] at elevations between {{convert|1700|and|2700|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=INFL-BOW/><ref name=Schulenberg/> |
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==Behavior== |
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===Movement=== |
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The Inca flycatcher is a year-round resident.<ref name=INFL-BOW/> |
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===Feeding=== |
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The Inca flycatcher's diet has not been detailed but is known to be mostly [[arthropod]]s and also include small fruits. It forages from the forest's understory into its middle level, usually within {{convert|3|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} of the ground. It sits erect on a perch and mostly hover-gleans or snatches fruit and insects from leaves in short sallies from it. It typically forages singly or in pairs and often joins [[mixed-species feeding flock]]s.<ref name=INFL-BOW/> |
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===Breeding=== |
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Nothing is known about the Inca flycatcher's breeding biology.<ref name=INFL-BOW/> |
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{{birdsong|url=https://xeno-canto.org/species/Leptopogon-taczanowskii |species=the Inca flycatcher}} |
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===Vocalization=== |
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The Inca flycatcher's song is "a squeaky ''skleew-di-wurdee?''" and its calls "a series of 1–5 ''skleew''...and sharp ''pik'' notes".<ref name=Schulenberg/> |
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==Status== |
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The [[IUCN]] originally in 2004 assessed the Inca flycatcher as being of Least Concern, then in 2012 as Near Threatened, and then in January 2023 again as of Least Concern. It has a large range; its estimated population of between 20,000 and 50,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. "Due to its reliance on forest understory, it is susceptible to the loss, degradation and fragmentation of montane forests within the range. Deforestation is driven by forest conversion for cultivation and pasture; however overall the rate of tree cover loss is currently very low and vast areas of pristine forests remain."<ref name=IUCN/> It is considered fairly common.<ref name=Schulenberg/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Birds described in 1917]] |
[[Category:Birds described in 1917]] |
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[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]] |
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]] |
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{{Tyrannidae-stub}} |
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Revision as of 18:25, 31 December 2024
| Inca flycatcher | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Leptopogon |
| Species: | L. taczanowskii
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| Binomial name | |
| Leptopogon taczanowskii Hellmayr, 1917
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| |
The Inca flycatcher (Leptopogon taczanowskii) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to Peru.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
The Inca flycatcher was originally described in 1884 as Leptopogon rufipectus.[3] Due to a conflict of this binomial with that of what is now the rufous-breasted flycatcher, by the principle of priority it was renamed Leptopogon taczanowskii in 1917.[4]
The Inca flycatcher is monotypic.[2] It and the rufous-breasted flycatcher (L. rufipectus) are sister species and may form a superspecies.[5]
Description
The Inca flycatcher is 12 to 13.5 cm (4.7 to 5.3 in) long; two individuals weighed 11.5 g (0.41 oz) and a third 13 g (0.46 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a dark olive or brownish olive crown. Their face is mostly mottled blackish and whitish with a thin whitish eye-ring. Their back and rump are olive green. Their wings are dusky with olivaceous edges on the flight feathers. Their wing coverts are dusky with ochraceous tips that show as two wing bars. Their tail is warm dusky olive. Their chin and upper throat are grayish, their lower throat and breast are tawy, and their belly is pale olive yellow. They have a dark brown iris, a black bill, and dark gray legs and feet. Juveniles have wider and more rufous edges on their flight feathers than adults.[6][7]
Distribution and habitat
The Inca flycatcher is found on the east slope of the Peruvian Andes from the Marañón River south to Cuzco Department. It inhabits the interior and edges of humid montane forest at elevations between 1,700 and 2,700 m (5,600 and 8,900 ft).[6][7]
Behavior
Movement
The Inca flycatcher is a year-round resident.[6]
Feeding
The Inca flycatcher's diet has not been detailed but is known to be mostly arthropods and also include small fruits. It forages from the forest's understory into its middle level, usually within 3 m (10 ft) of the ground. It sits erect on a perch and mostly hover-gleans or snatches fruit and insects from leaves in short sallies from it. It typically forages singly or in pairs and often joins mixed-species feeding flocks.[6]
Breeding
Nothing is known about the Inca flycatcher's breeding biology.[6]
Vocalization
The Inca flycatcher's song is "a squeaky skleew-di-wurdee?" and its calls "a series of 1–5 skleew...and sharp pik notes".[7]
Status
The IUCN originally in 2004 assessed the Inca flycatcher as being of Least Concern, then in 2012 as Near Threatened, and then in January 2023 again as of Least Concern. It has a large range; its estimated population of between 20,000 and 50,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. "Due to its reliance on forest understory, it is susceptible to the loss, degradation and fragmentation of montane forests within the range. Deforestation is driven by forest conversion for cultivation and pasture; however overall the rate of tree cover loss is currently very low and vast areas of pristine forests remain."[1] It is considered fairly common.[7]
References
- ^ a b BirdLife International (2023). "Inca Flycatcher Leptopogon taczanowskii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T22698810A226582431. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22698810A226582431.en. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List. v 14.2. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ Taczanowski, Władysław (1884). Ornithologie du Pérou (in Latin and French). Vol. 2. Typographie Oberthur. p. 249. Retrieved December 31, 2024.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Hellmayr, Carl Edward (1917). Verhandlungen der Ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern (in German). Vol. 13. E. Reinhardt. p. 198–199. Retrieved December 31, 2024.
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 18 November 2024. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved 26 November 2024
- ^ a b c d e Schulenberg, T. S. and T. Johnson (2020). Inca Flycatcher (Leptopogon taczanowskii), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.incfly1.01 retrieved December 31, 2024
- ^ a b c d Schulenberg, T.S.; Stotz, D.F.; Lane, D.F.; O'Neill, J.P.; Parker, T.A. III (2010). Birds of Peru. Princeton Field Guides (revised and updated ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 404. ISBN 978-0691130231.