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*In [[Star Trek The Next Generation]], another [[Galaxy class starship]] was named U.S.S. Yamato. Originally, it was assumed by fans to be in homage to Star Blazers due to the fact that the effects director [[Rick Sternbach]] was known to be an anime fan who included anime references in the show's graphics. However, Sternbach later revealed that the writers named the starship after the historical battleship, completely unaware of the anime reference.
*In [[Star Trek The Next Generation]], another [[Galaxy class starship]] was named U.S.S. Yamato. Originally, it was assumed by fans to be in homage to Star Blazers due to the fact that the effects director [[Rick Sternbach]] was known to be an anime fan who included anime references in the show's graphics. However, Sternbach later revealed that the writers named the starship after the historical battleship, completely unaware of the anime reference.

*in the 2008 [[Pixar]] film [[WALL-E|WALL·E]], the "executive starliners", notably the ''Axiom'', are spacecraft designed to visually resemble oceangoing vessels, in reference to the ''Yamato'' being an oceangoing vessel turned into a spacecraft with most major EDF vessels to follow visually designed similarly.


===English title===
===English title===

Revision as of 20:10, 7 July 2008

Starblazers redirects here. For the British comic magazine, see Starblazer

Space Battleship Yamato
File:Yamato title.jpg
GenreDrama, Military, Science Fiction
Anime
Directed byLeiji Matsumoto
StudioAcademy Productions
Released October 6, 1974 – March 30, 1975
Anime
Directed byToshio Matsuda
StudioAcademy Productions
ReleasedAugust 6, 1977
Anime
Farewell Space Battleship Yamato
Directed byLeiji Matsumoto, Toshio Matsuda
StudioToei Animation
ReleasedAugust 5, 1978
Anime
Space Battleship Yamato II
Directed byLeiji Matsumoto, Noburo Ishiguro, Toshio Masuda
StudioAcademy Productions
Released October 14, 1978 – April 4, 1979
Anime
Space Battleship Yamato: The New Voyage
Directed byToshio Matsuda
StudioToei Animation
ReleasedJuly 14, 1979
Anime
Be Forever Yamato
Directed byLeiji Matsumoto, Toshio Matsuda
StudioToei Animation
ReleasedAugust 2, 1980
Anime
Space Battleship Yamato III
Directed byLeiji Matsumoto, Noburo Ishiguro
StudioAcademy Productions
Released October 11, 1980 – April 4, 1981
Anime
Final Yamato
Directed byLeiji Matsumoto, Toshio Matsuda, Yoshinobu Nishizaki
StudioToei Animation
ReleasedMarch 19, 1983
Anime
Yamato 2520
Manga
Space Battleship Great Yamato
Written byLeiji Matsumoto
Published byJapan Shogakukan
MagazineComic Gotta
ginga999.shogakukan.co.jp
DemographicShōnen
Original runApril 2000 – July 2001
Volumes2

Space Battleship Yamato (宇宙戦艦ヤマト, Uchū Senkan Yamato) is a Japanese science fiction anime series and the name of its eponymous space craft. It is also known to English-speaking audiences as Space Cruiser Yamato or Star Blazers; an English-dubbed and partly edited version of the series was broadcast on American and Australian television under the latter title.

Development

File:SpaceBattleshipYamato.jpg
The release of Space Battleship Yamato is often cited as the beginning of the Golden Age of Anime

Conceived in 1973 by producer Yoshinobu Nishizaki, the project underwent heavy revisions. Originally intended to be an outer-space variation on Lord of the Flies, the project at first was titled "Asteroid Ship Icarus" and had a multinational teenage crew journeying through space in a hollowed-out asteroid in search of the planet Iscandar. There was to be much discord among the crew; many of them acting purely out of self-interest and for personal gain. The enemy aliens were originally called Rajendora.

When Leiji Matsumoto was brought onto the project, many of these concepts were discarded. It is his art direction, ship designs and unique style that accredit him in fans' eyes as the true creator of Space Battleship Yamato, even though Nishizaki retains legal rights to the work.

Production run

Space Battleship Yamato (宇宙戦艦ヤマト)

The first season began airing in Japan in October of 1974. Set in the year 2199, an alien race known as the "Gamilas" ("Gamilons" in the English dub) are raining radioactive bombs on Earth, rendering the planet's surface dead and uninhabitable. Humanity lives in refuges built deep underground, but the radioactivity is slowly infiltrating the underground cities too. Earth's space fleet is hopelessly outclassed by the Gamilas and all seems lost until a mysterious space probe is retrieved on Mars. Blueprints for a faster-than-light engine are discovered, and a message from Queen Starsha of the planet Iscandar in the Large Magellanic Cloud says that she has a device, the Cosmo-Cleaner D (Cosmo DNA), which can cleanse Earth of its radiation damage.

The inhabitants of Earth secretly convert the ruin of the Japanese battleship Yamato into a massive spaceship, the Space Battleship Yamato of the title. Using Starsha's blueprints, they equip their new ship with a space warp drive and a new, incredibly powerful weapon called the "wave motion gun" that fires out the bow. In the English dub, the ship is still the historical Yamato and once referred to as such, but is renamed the Argo (after the ship of Jason and the Argonauts) once rebuilt. A tiny but intrepid crew of 114 leaves in the Yamato to go to the Large Magellanic Cloud and retrieve the mysterious device, if it exists. Along the way they discover the plans of their blue-skinned adversaries: the planet Gamilas, sister planet to Iscandar, is dying; and its leader, Lord Desslar ("Desslok" in the English dub), is trying to irradiate Earth enough for his people to move there, at the expense of the "barbarians" he considers humanity to be.

The first season contained twenty-six episodes, following the Yamato's year-long voyage out of the Milky Way Galaxy and back again. A continuing story, it features the declining health of the determined captain Okita (Avatar in the English dub), and the transformation of the brash young orphan Susumu Kodai (Derek Wildstar) into a mature and capable-acting captain, as well as his budding romance with female crewmember Yuki Mori (Nova). The foreign edits tend to play up the individual characters, while the Japanese original is often more focused on the ship itself.

The series was condensed into a ninety-minute theatrical movie by selecting a few key episodes, editing them heavily, and sticking them together; as a result, the first-season movie leaves large gaps and doesn't flow very well. Additional animation was created for the movie (such as the scenes on Iscandar) or recycled from the series' test footage (such as the opening sequence). The movie was edited down further and dubbed into English in 1978; entitled Space Cruiser Yamato or simply Space Cruiser, it was only given a limited theatrical release in Europe & Latin America (where it was called "Patrulha Espacial" [Star Patrol] or "Astronave Intrepido" [Starship Intrepid]), though it was later released on video in most countries.

Space Battleship Yamato 2 (宇宙戦艦ヤマト2)

The 90-minute movie version of Yamato outperformed another space opera, Star Wars, at the Japanese box office, leading to the production of a second movie that would end the story. In Farewell to Space Battleship Yamato (さらば宇宙戦艦ヤマト 愛の戦士たち) (also rendered as Arrivederci Yamato), the Yamato and her crew face the onslaught of the Comet Empire, a civilization from the Andromeda Galaxy who seek to conquer Earth, led by Zwordar the Great (Prince Zordar). The Earth ship is aided by an anti-matter woman, Teresa of Telezart (known as Trelaina in the English dub), while the Comet Empire have restored to life Earth's greatest enemy, the Gamilas' leader Desslar, who is eager for revenge. After a massive battle which destroys both Earth and Comet Empire forces, the Yamato crew defeat Zwordar's plans, but at the cost of the ship and their lives.

As the popularity of this franchise became clear (due largely to an enraged fan outcry from those who saw the movie), a second season of the television series was produced, retconning the movie and presenting a different plot against the movie's enemy without killing off the Yamato or its primary characters. Expanding the story to 26 episodes, the second season featured additional plots such as a love story between Teresa and Yamato crew member Daisuke Shima (Mark Venture) and an onboard antagonism between Kodai and Saito (Knox), leader of a group of space marines. The English dub of this season is considered the best by many of the series' American fans, no doubt due in large part to the wildly imaginative spaceship designs created by Studio Nue.

Footage from Arrivederci Yamato was reused in the second season, particularly in the opening titles; the sequence of the Yamato launching from water was also reused in two of the subsequent movies.

Yamato: The New Voyage (宇宙戦艦ヤマト 新たなる旅立ち)

The television movie Yamato: The New Voyage came next, featuring a new enemy, the Black Nebula Empire. In the film, which initially was later modified into a theatrical movie, Desslar (called Desslok in the English dub version) sees his homeworld destroyed by the grey-skinned aliens, its twin planet Iscandar next in line for invasion. He finds an eventual ally in the Yamato, on a training mission under acting captain Kodai.

Be Forever Yamato (ヤマトよ永遠に)

The theatrical movie Be Forever Yamato sees the Black Nebula launch a powerful weapon at Earth, which will annihilate humanity if they resist a full-scale invasion; the Yamato, under a new captain, travels to the aliens' home galaxy, only to discover what appears to be a future Earth in which the terrible proclamation has come to pass.

Space Battleship Yamato III (宇宙戦艦ヤマトⅢ)

Following these movies, a third season of the TV series was produced, broadcast on Japanese television in 1980. In this, the Sun is hit by a stray proton missile from a nearby battle between Galman and Bolar forces. This missile greatly accelerates nuclear fusion in the Sun, and humanity must either evacuate to a new home or locate a means of preventing a supernova. At the same time, the remnants of Desslar's Gamilan Empire seek a new home close to the centre of our Galaxy, where they encounter their forebears in the Galman Empire, and come into conflict with a new alien race, the Bolar Federation. Originally conceived as a 52-episode epic, funding cuts meant the season had to be reduced to 25 episodes, with a corresponding loss of overall story development.

Final Yamato (宇宙戦艦ヤマト 完結編)

The saga ended in 1983 with the fifth theatrical movie, Final Yamato. In this feature, the Gamilan Empire is destroyed by a chance collision of galaxies, while the Yamato, back under the command of Captain Okita (who was cryogenically frozen after his apparent death in the first season), encounters the planet Deingil too late to save its humanoid civilisation from being flooded by the water planet Aquarius. The surviving Deingili, a warrior race who believe only the strong should survive, plan to use Aquarius to flood Earth and destroy humanity, in order to create a new home for their race. When all seems lost, the Deingili are destroyed by Desslar and the remains of his people (in gratitude for the human crew's having honored the Gamilan dead earlier in the film), and the Yamato is filled with tritiated water and detonated like a giant hydrogen bomb by Okita to divert the water stream. A great deal of time is taken at the end of the film showing the fragments of the Yamato repeatedly "sinking" beneath the waves in space, Okita going down with his ship. The unedited version also shows Kodai finally marrying his long-time sweetheart Yuki (and subsequently "consummating" their marriage).

Characters

Main article: Space Battleship Yamato characters
  • The Space Battleship Yamato series generally involves themes of brave sacrifice, noble enemies, and respect for heroes lost in the line of duty. This can be seen as early as the second episode of the first series, which recounts the defeat of the original battleship Yamato while sailors and pilots from both sides salute her as she sinks (this scene was cut from the English dub, but later included on the Star Blazers DVD release). The movies spend much time showing the crew visiting monuments to previous missions and recalling the bravery of their fallen comrades. Desler, the enemy defeated in the first season and left without a home or a people, recognizes that his foes are fighting for the same things he fought for and eventually becomes Earth's most important ally. In this — the Japanese concept of "the honorable enemy" — and many other respects, Star Blazers is almost certainly the most "Japanese" anime to survive the editing process and be widely syndicated in the United States.

Star Blazers

Star Blazers
GenreDrama, Military, Science Fiction
Anime
Star Blazers
Directed byBilly West
StudioDiC (1984-1985), Saban Entertainment
Released May 8, 1979 – December 4, 1984

In 1978, before the debut of the American Star Blazers series, the 1977 Space Battleship Yamato (or Space Cruiser Yamato as it was known at the time) movie was dubbed into English and re-titled Space Cruiser. The movie poster illustration for this little known release contained several inaccuracies such as the Wave Motion gun shaft acting as a launch tube for starfighters.

In 1978 Westchester Corporation identified Yamato as a potential "kids' property" (Starlog, June 1980)[citation needed], and bought the rights to the first two seasons. Dubbing and editing were done by Griffin-Bacal Advertising and production and syndication by Claster Television. Being marketed at a school-age audience, Yamato was bowdlerized by the American editors in order to satisfy the broadcast standards and practices offices of American TV stations. However, far fewer edits were made than with another 1970s anime, Battle of the Planets (a heavily-censored version of Science Ninja Team Gatchaman), and even in its edited American form retains practically all of its uniquely Japanese characteristics in terms of content, plot, character development, and philosophy.

Principal changes included Westernisation of character names, reduction of personal violence, toning down of offensive language and alcohol use, and removal of sexual fan service and references to World War II although the sunken battleship ruins were still identified as the Yamato in dialogue. One of the references include the Yamato's final battle, which depicted the captain tied to the helm as he went down with the ship. Many fans nonetheless regard it as more "adult" than other cartoons shown in the US at the time, as personal tragedy, funeral scenes for fallen comrades and the extinction faced by humanity were left intact. The very Japanese theme of "the honorable enemy" was also a tremendously important aspect of Desslok's character development in the second and third seasons, as well as in the later movies.

The most significant change made by Griffin-Bacal was purely narrative: whereas in the original series the Yamato and its crew were regarded as a single entity, the narrator each week urging "Yamato, hurry to Iscandar!", in Star Blazers the crew were named the Star Force and became the focus of the show, with the Argo merely being the vessel in which they travelled (though it retained its source in the Japanese battleship, the name-change being covered in dialogue).

The first two seasons (whose DVD releases are titled "The Quest for Iscandar" and "The Comet Empire") were broadcast in 1979 and 1980. By the time the third season of Yamato was released, however, the original voice actors had moved on and, being non-union, were uncontactable by the American production company. The third season (released as "The Bolar Wars") played to a small test market at the time and was not as widely seen until its release on video and DVD, and remains less popular than the first two seasons. Many of the original English voice actors have since been tracked down and interviewed for the Star Blazers DVD releases.

Broadcast aired TV History

American comic adaptations

To date three American comic adaptations have been published; two as comic book series and the most recent as a web comic.

The first series (actually two miniseries) was published by Comico in the late 1980s and served as a postscript to the second season. In this series it was discovered that the White Comet Empire's rear fleet (comprising fully half of the empire's entire fleet) still existed and - with Earth's entire fleet other than the Argo having been wiped out - only the Argo stood between the massive fleet of the empire and Earth. In this story, the Comet Empire took over the Yamato and used it against Earth - clearly this is not in tune with the theme of the show, in which such a thing would NEVER happen. The second Comico miniseries dealt with the Star Force's battle against a renegade Earth General and his alien allies. Due to weak artwork and story this second miniseries was less well received than the first.

In the mid-'90s Voyager Entertainment published 12 issues of a Star Blazers comic book before publication was halted due to poor sales.

Star Blazers Rebirth is currently being published as a web comic, with new chapters appearing on the official Star Blazers site every month or two. The art and story is by Tim Eldred, who was also responsible for the Voyager Entertainment series. In Star Blazers Rebirth the Earth is once again threatened by a menace from space headed for the Earth 25 years after the first series; this time in the shape of what appears to be a black hole. At first Earth's government does not believe the information, on the basis that black holes aren't supposed to be able to move. However, they eventually agree to send Earth's newest and most powerful starship, Andromeda II, to investigate. Upon reaching its destination, Andromeda II is quickly destroyed with all hands onboard, though not before transmitting its data to Earth. Shocked by the disaster, and disgusted at the lack of response from Earth's government (other than to begin evacuating the citizens of the Earth to the far less hospitable planets discovered during the third series), Sandor and Wildstar (now grey-haired, bearded, in his mid-40s, and constantly haunted by the past - as well as by pasts which never happened) devote their wealth and energies to rebuilding the nearly shattered Argo, which was encased in ice and left floating in Earth orbit at the end of Final Yamato. Since most of the old surviving bridge crew of Argo are now captains in command of their own ships, many of the new crew members are the children or grandchildren of the original Argo crew. In keeping with the original series' emphasis on human mortality, one of these children is the daughter of one of the original crew's most important members, who (apparently) died in the Andromeda II mission to investigate the mysterious black hole. In the meantime, the decision to relocate Earth's population to numerous colonies has left Earth's forces stretched far too thinly, with several colonies beginning to break away from Earth's control under command of Capt. Nenezich. Short on supplies, Argo heads toward the center of the galaxy in an attempt to learn more about the mysterious black hole and a rash of attacks on Earth's colonies.

Sequels

Yamato 2520 (ヤマト２５２０)

In the mid 1990s, Nishizaki attempted to create a sequel to Yamato, set hundreds of years after the original. Yamato 2520 was to chronicle the adventures of the eighteenth starship to bear the name, and its battle against the Seiren Federation. Much of the continuity established in the original series (including the destruction of Earth's moon) is ignored in this sequel.

In place of Leiji Matsumoto, American artist Syd Mead (Blade Runner, Tron and Star Trek: The Motion Picture') provided the conceptual art.

Due to the bankruptcy of Nishizaki's company Office Academy, and legal disputes with Matsumoto over the ownership of the Yamato copyrights, the series was never finished and only four episodes were produced. Most Yamato fans were generally underwhelmed by the series' first episodes and were not disappointed by its cancellation.

In March of 2002, a Tokyo court ruled that Nishizaki legally owned the Yamato copyrights. The two parties eventually settled, and Nishizaki began work on a new movie titled Yamato Rebirth (set after the original series), while Matsumoto planned a new Yamato series. However, additional legal conflicts have since stalled both projects.

Space Battleship Great Yamato (新宇宙戦艦ヤマト)

American remake

During the mid 1990s, the Walt Disney Company purchased the theatrical rights to a live-action Yamato movie. A highly publicized draft of the script by Tab Murphy was leaked on the internet in the late 1990s[1]. It followed a ragtag crew of misfits (most of whom are not named after any of the original show's crew from either the Japanese or English version) aboard the rebuilt United States battleship Arizona (which was sunk by the Japanese during the attack on Pearl Harbor) on a mission to save Earth. The project is believed to have been shelved following Michael Eisner's departure from the company.[citation needed] In April 2006 it was announced that Benderspink and producer Josh C. Kline had teamed up to make another attempt at creating a live action version of the story.

Cultural impact

Further information: List of references to Space Battleship Yamato in other works
  • The theme song from Space Battleship Yamato is frequently performed by military bands of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, an example of life imitating fiction. The United States Army Japan Band (296th Army Band) frequently performs this theme as well.
  • The downtown area of the Japanese city Tsuruga in Fukui Prefecture has about two dozen bronze statues, each about four feet tall, depicting characters and scenes from the Space Battleship Yamato and Galaxy Express 999 TV shows and films.
  • The Aum Shinrikyo cult — long before their sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subways — promoted their faith with inspirational videos that emulated the animation style, cosmic images, and theme music from the series.
  • The Yamato frequently makes cameo appearances in other Matsumoto anime as well as in the Galaxy Express 999 manga. The crew is never seen. Also, this Yamato appears to be a time travelling ship due to the fact that much of the other Matsumoto stories take place in different eras. During these appearances, Yamato does little more than a brief flyby or appearance in the background. This is also probably due to licensing restrictions. Matsumoto owns all of the rights to the artistic aspects of Yamato including the ship designs, but is legally restricted from using the characters, names (other than Yamato), settings, and situations. Those rights belong to co-creator Nishizaki.
  • During the return trip to Earth, it was intended that Yamato's crew would encounter Captain Harlock but this idea was scrapped when the series was truncated to 26 episodes due to lower ratings. A manga version by Leijii Matsumoto does use this plot element in revising the ending of the Quest for Iscandar. Captain Harlock shows up periodically as captain of the pirate vessel Deathshadow. It is revealed in the end that he was Mamoru Kodai who was thought to be dead.
  • Many video games based on the series have been available over the years. The Nintendo Game Boy, PC Engine Super CDRom, and the Bandai WonderSwan had a unique Yamato release for each platform. The series has become quite popular on Sony's game platform in recent years, with Bandai releasing three Space Battleship Yamato games for the PlayStation and another three games for the PlayStation 2. In addition to these, the Yamato theme was also extended to another Japan-only PlayStation 2 release, this being a pachinko game titled Fever 7. Note that no Yamato games have ever seen a release outside of Japan.
  • It is rumored that George Lucas spent time in Japan while researching and writing Star Wars, and that Space Battleship Yamato, with its space ships moving like their Earthly counterparts (space fighters that maneuver like airplanes, etc.) may have been one of his inspirations. Yamato has also been accused of ripping off Star Wars by critics unaware that it preceded George Lucas' epic by 3 years.
  • The sequel to Babylon 5, Crusade, featured a backstory that was nearly identical to that of Space Battleship Yamato: The crew of a new, untested ship (built with alien technology, and with a big super cannon in the bow) must venture off-world to retrieve something to save the Earth before time runs out (in this case, the antidote to an alien disease).
  • The Wave Motion Gun lent its concept to the Terran Battlecruiser's main armament in the game Starcraft. It was named the Yamato Cannon. Like the one on the Yamato, it only fires once, the next shot only possible after charging its energy to full, and it takes time to charge it.
  • The episode The Day of Sagittarius from The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (anime) involved a space battle that took place inside a computer game. The artwork on the CD case featured the likeness of Captain Juzo Okita (Captain Abraham Avatar). During the battle, the episode's characters are shown standing on the bridges of their respective ships. The captain of the enemy fleet is dressed like Leader Desler (Leader Desslok), holding a goblet in his hand in the same manner as Desler; even so, the episode takes more from Ginga Eiyuu Densetsu than from the Yamato series.
  • Marcy Playground wrote a song called "Wave Motion Gun" in which it mentions watching Star Blazers and the wave motion gun.
  • In the final episode of the anime Hime-sama Goyōjin, the Cat King rode in a battleship that resembled the Yamato in raiding Princess Nana's castle.
  • In Star Trek The Next Generation, another Galaxy class starship was named U.S.S. Yamato. Originally, it was assumed by fans to be in homage to Star Blazers due to the fact that the effects director Rick Sternbach was known to be an anime fan who included anime references in the show's graphics. However, Sternbach later revealed that the writers named the starship after the historical battleship, completely unaware of the anime reference.
  • in the 2008 Pixar film WALL·E, the "executive starliners", notably the Axiom, are spacecraft designed to visually resemble oceangoing vessels, in reference to the Yamato being an oceangoing vessel turned into a spacecraft with most major EDF vessels to follow visually designed similarly.

English title

For many years, English-language releases of the anime bore the title Space Cruiser Yamato. This romanization has appeared in Japanese publications because Nishizaki, a sailing enthusiast who owned a cruiser yacht, ordered that this translation be used out of love for his boat. However, it is inaccurate, as 戦艦 senkan means "battleship" and not "cruiser" (which in Japanese would be 巡洋艦 junyōkan). Today, Yamato releases, including the Voyager Entertainment DVD, are marketed either as Star Blazers or Space Battleship Yamato.

Westerners frequently mistakenly refer to the ship as "Yamamoto". Incidentally, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto was the flagship commander of the WW II Battleship Yamato although he was not aboard at the time she sunk.

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