Aleksei Kruchyonykh: Difference between revisions
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Kruchonykh was born on 21st February 1886, in the Kherson region of Russia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Janecek|first=Gerald|title=Reference Guide to Russian Literature|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=|editor-last=Cornwell|editor-first=Neil|location=|pages=numbers absent}}</ref> He went to Odessa Art School, publishing caricatures to make a living, but changed his mind in 1912 to be a poet instead. Soon he became a major poet of [[Cubo-Futurism]], a style he helped to launch with his friends [[David Burliuk]], [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]], [[Mikhail Larionov]], and others. Some of his books were illustrated by [[Olga Rozanova]], a female Cubo-Futurist. He helped write the drafts for the most famous Cubo-Futurist manifesto, ''A Slap in the Face of Public Taste'', notable for its statement to throw the writers of old off "the steamboat of modernity".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Rann|first=James|title=The Unlikely Futurist: Pushkin and the Invention of Originality in Russian Modernism|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=73}}</ref> The first example of [[zaum]] poetry was by him; called ''[[Dyr bul shchyl]]'', it was published in a 1913 book called ''Pomada''. He also |
Kruchonykh was born on 21st February 1886, in the Kherson region of Russia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Janecek|first=Gerald|title=Reference Guide to Russian Literature|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=|editor-last=Cornwell|editor-first=Neil|location=|pages=numbers absent}}</ref> He went to Odessa Art School, publishing caricatures to make a living, but changed his mind in 1912 to be a poet instead. Soon he became a major poet of [[Cubo-Futurism]], a style he helped to launch with his friends [[David Burliuk]], [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]], [[Mikhail Larionov]], and others. Some of his books were illustrated by [[Olga Rozanova]], a female Cubo-Futurist. He helped write the drafts for the most famous Cubo-Futurist manifesto, ''A Slap in the Face of Public Taste'', notable for its statement to throw the writers of old off "the steamboat of modernity".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Rann|first=James|title=The Unlikely Futurist: Pushkin and the Invention of Originality in Russian Modernism|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=73}}</ref> The first example of [[zaum]] poetry was by him; called ''[[Dyr bul shchyl]]'', it was published in a 1913 book called ''Pomada''. He was also the first Russian poet to try writing a poem only using vowels.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Markov|first=Vladimir|title=Russian Futurism: a History|publisher=University of California Press|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=121}}</ref> He went to the house of the composer [[Mikhail Matyushin]] with [[Kazimir Malevich]] that summer; they collaborated to write the Futurist opera ''[[Victory over the Sun]]'', with music by Matyushin, prologue by [[Velimir Khlebnikov]], and set designs by Malevich. Around 1913-4 he befriended [[Roman Jakobson]] (later to become a linguist), publishing with him a book of poems called ''Transrational Boog'' in 1916. ''[[Universal War]]'' was also published that year. During the war he served as a technical draftsman. |
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After the October Revolution, he ran away to Tifilis, Georgia, with the Georgian Cubo-Futurist [[Ilia Zdanevich]], publishing books together. He returned to Russia in 1921, publishing more books and lecturing with friends;<ref name=":0" /> his views became so shocking the authorities decided to restrict his access publishers, so he made his books himself. When the Soviets banned the avant-garde, he got a job as a secretary. He also collected and sold rare books and manuscripts written by the people of his generation, |
After the October Revolution, he ran away to Tifilis, Georgia, with the Georgian Cubo-Futurist [[Ilia Zdanevich]], publishing books together. There, somebody founded an institute devoted to the study of his work and life so far, but this was probably just a joke.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Markov|first=Vladimir|title=Russian Futurism: a History|publisher=University of California Press|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=349-50}}</ref> He returned to Russia in 1921, publishing more books and lecturing with friends;<ref name=":0" /> his views became so shocking the authorities decided to restrict his access to publishers, so he made his books himself. When the Soviets banned the avant-garde, he got a job as a secretary. He also collected and sold rare books and manuscripts written by the people of his generation, eventually falling into obscurity with only occasional acknowledgment from the public. In 1932 he wrote his memoirs.<ref name=":1" /> He died of pneumonia in 1968. |
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==Legacy== |
==Legacy== |
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Revision as of 05:06, 10 September 2020
Aleksei Kruchyonykh | |
|---|---|
 Mikhail Matyushin (left), Kruchenykh (middle) and Kazimir Malevich (right) at the First All-Russian Congregation of the Bards of the Future (The Futurist Poets) meeting in March 1912. Photo by Karl Bulla. | |
| Born | Aleksei Yeliseyevich Kruchonykh February 9, 1886 Olevka, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | June 17, 1968 (aged 82) |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Known for | Poetry, Collage, Artist's book |
| Notable work | Universal War, 1916 |
| Movement | Russian Futurism, Zaum |
Aleksei Yeliseyevich Kruchyonykh[1] (Template:Lang-ru; 9 February 1886 – 17 June 1968) was a Russian poet, artist, and theorist, perhaps one of the most radical poet of Russian Futurism, a movement that included Vladimir Mayakovsky, David Burliuk and others. Born in 1886, he lived in the time of the Russian Silver Age of literature, and together with Velimir Khlebnikov, another Russian Futurist, Kruchenykh is considered the inventor of zaum, a poetry style utilising nonsense words. Kruchonykh wrote the libretto for the Futurist opera Victory Over the Sun, with sets provided by Kazimir Malevich. In 1912, he wrote the book Dyr bul shchyl; four years later, in 1916, he created his most famous book, Universal War.
He is also known for his Declaration of the Word as Such (1913): "The worn-out, violated word "lily" is devoid of all expression. Therefore I call the lily éuy – and original purity is restored."[2]
Biography
Kruchonykh was born on 21st February 1886, in the Kherson region of Russia.[3] He went to Odessa Art School, publishing caricatures to make a living, but changed his mind in 1912 to be a poet instead. Soon he became a major poet of Cubo-Futurism, a style he helped to launch with his friends David Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Mikhail Larionov, and others. Some of his books were illustrated by Olga Rozanova, a female Cubo-Futurist. He helped write the drafts for the most famous Cubo-Futurist manifesto, A Slap in the Face of Public Taste, notable for its statement to throw the writers of old off "the steamboat of modernity".[4] The first example of zaum poetry was by him; called Dyr bul shchyl, it was published in a 1913 book called Pomada. He was also the first Russian poet to try writing a poem only using vowels.[5] He went to the house of the composer Mikhail Matyushin with Kazimir Malevich that summer; they collaborated to write the Futurist opera Victory over the Sun, with music by Matyushin, prologue by Velimir Khlebnikov, and set designs by Malevich. Around 1913-4 he befriended Roman Jakobson (later to become a linguist), publishing with him a book of poems called Transrational Boog in 1916. Universal War was also published that year. During the war he served as a technical draftsman.
After the October Revolution, he ran away to Tifilis, Georgia, with the Georgian Cubo-Futurist Ilia Zdanevich, publishing books together. There, somebody founded an institute devoted to the study of his work and life so far, but this was probably just a joke.[6] He returned to Russia in 1921, publishing more books and lecturing with friends;[3] his views became so shocking the authorities decided to restrict his access to publishers, so he made his books himself. When the Soviets banned the avant-garde, he got a job as a secretary. He also collected and sold rare books and manuscripts written by the people of his generation, eventually falling into obscurity with only occasional acknowledgment from the public. In 1932 he wrote his memoirs.[4] He died of pneumonia in 1968.
Legacy
The Russian punk band Grazhdanskaya Oborona have a reggae-styled song called "Posveshtenie A. Kruchyonykh" (Homage to A. Kruchyonykh) on their 1990 concept album Instruktsiya po vyzhivaniyu.
See also
References
- ^ Also romanized Kruchenykh, due to confusion about ⟨ё⟩
- ^ George Steiner, After Babel, III, 3.[1]
- ^ a b Janecek, Gerald. Cornwell, Neil (ed.). Reference Guide to Russian Literature. Routledge. pp. numbers absent.
- ^ a b Rann, James. The Unlikely Futurist: Pushkin and the Invention of Originality in Russian Modernism. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 73.
- ^ Markov, Vladimir. Russian Futurism: a History. University of California Press. p. 121.
- ^ Markov, Vladimir. Russian Futurism: a History. University of California Press. pp. 349–50.
External links
- On Kruchyonykh (in English)
- Kruchyonykh in Tiflis (from Chapter Nine of G. Janecek, Zaum: The Transrational Poetry of Russian Futurism) (in English)
- Biography and poems (in Russian)
- Biography, bibliography (in Russian)
- Four zaum poems (in Russian)
- Visual Poems 1917 - 1921
- Digitized Russian avant-garde books
- English translations of 4 poems
- Includes English translations of two poems, 118-120
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