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'{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2019}} {{Year dab|1915|the 2015 film|1915 (film)|the Australian miniseries|1915 (miniseries)|the book by [[Roger McDonald]]|1915: a novel}} {{Events by month|1915}} {{Year nav|1915}} {{C20 year in topic}} {{Year article header|1915}} {{TOC limit|2}} == Events == [[File:HMS Formidable 1898.jpg|thumb|120px|right| [[January 1]]: [[HMS Formidable (1898)|HMS ''Formidable'']], sunk by a German [[U-boat]].]] Below, the events of [[World War I]] have the "WWI" prefix. === January === {{main|January 1915}} *[[January|January –]] [[Joseph Larmor]] published his work on The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction. *[[January 1]] ** WWI: The [[Royal Navy]] battleship [[HMS Formidable (1898)|HMS ''Formidable'']] is sunk off [[Lyme Regis]], [[Dorset]], England, by an [[Imperial German Navy]] [[U-boat]], with the loss of 547 crew. **[[Battle of Broken Hill]]: A train ambush near [[Broken Hill, New South Wales]], Australia, is carried out by two men (claiming to be in support of the [[Ottoman Empire]]) who are killed, together with 4 civilians. **[[Harry Houdini]] performs a [[straitjacket]] escape performance.<ref>{{Cite episode|title=The Great Escape|url=|series=[[Pawn Stars]]|serieslink=|credits=|network=History|season=4|number=28|airdate=2011-05-09|minutes=}}</ref><ref>[http://www.life.com/gallery/23792/image/3241191#index/2 "No Jacket Can Hold Him"], ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', accessed May 9, 2011.</ref> * [[January 5]] – [[Joseph E. Carberry]] sets an altitude record of {{convert|11,690|ft|m}}, carrying Capt. Benjamin Delahauf Foulois as a passenger, in a fixed-wing aircraft. * [[January 12]] ** The [[United States House of Representatives]] rejects a proposal to give women the right to vote. ** ''[[A Fool There Was (1915 film)|A Fool There Was]]'' premières in the United States, starring [[Theda Bara]] as a ''[[femme fatale]]''; she quickly becomes one of early cinema's most sensational stars. * [[January 13]] – The 6.7 {{M|w}} [[1915 Avezzano earthquake|Avezzano earthquake]] shakes the [[Province of L'Aquila]] in Italy, with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of XI (''Extreme''). Various agencies estimate the number of people killed to be 29,978–32,610. * [[January 17]] – WWI: Caucasus Campaign – [[Battle of Sarikamish]]: Russia defeats Ottoman Turkey. * [[January 18]] – [[Twenty-One Demands]] from [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] to [[Republic of China (1912–49)|China]] are made. * [[January 19]] ** [[Georges Claude]] patents the [[neon discharge tube]] for use in advertising. ** WWI: German [[Zeppelin]]s bomb the coastal towns of [[Great Yarmouth]] and [[King's Lynn]] in England for the first time, killing more than 20. * [[January 21]] – [[Kiwanis]] is founded in [[Detroit]], Michigan, as The Supreme Lodge Benevolent Order Brothers. * [[January 23]] – [[Chilembwe uprising]]: [[Baptist]] minister [[John Chilembwe]] initiates an ultimately unsuccessful uprising against British colonial rule in [[Nyasaland]] (modern-day [[Malawi]]). * [[January 24]] – WWI: [[Battle of Dogger Bank (1915)|Battle of Dogger Bank]]: The [[British Grand Fleet]] defeats the [[Imperial German Navy|German High Seas Fleet]], sinking the armoured cruiser {{SMS|Blücher}}.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> * [[January 25]] ** The first United States coast-to-coast [[Long-distance calling|long-distance telephone call]] is facilitated by a newly invented vacuum tube amplifier, ceremonially inaugurated by [[Alexander Graham Bell]] in New York City and his former assistant [[Thomas A. Watson]], in San Francisco, California. ** Emory College is rechartered as [[Emory University]], and plans to move its main campus from [[Oxford, Georgia]] to [[Atlanta]]. * [[January 26]] ** WWI: The [[Ottoman Army]] begins the [[Raid on the Suez Canal]]. ** The [[Rocky Mountain National Park]] is established by an act of the [[United States Congress]]. * [[January 27]] – WWI: Military casualties begin arriving at the [[Hôpital Temporaire d'Arc-en-Barrois]], established earlier in the month. * [[January 28]] – An act of the [[United States Congress]] designates the [[United States Coast Guard]], began in [[1790]], as a military branch. * [[January 31]] – WWI – [[Battle of Bolimów]]: [[German Empire|Germany]]'s first large-scale use of [[Chemical weapons in World War I|poison gas]] as a weapon occurs, when 18,000 [[artillery]] shells containing liquid [[xylyl bromide]] [[tear gas]] are fired on the [[Imperial Russian Army]], on the [[Rawka River]] west of [[Warsaw]]; however, freezing temperatures prevent it being effective.<ref>{{cite web|last=Heller|first=Charles E.|url=http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/resources/csi/Heller/HELLER.asp|title=Chemical Warfare in World War I: The American Experience, 1917–1918|publisher=Combat Studies Institute|series=Leaveanworth Papers, 10|accessdate=August 24, 2012|date=September 1984}}</ref> [[File:Seal of the U.S. Coast Guard.svg|thumb|120px|right|[[January 28]]: [[United States Coast Guard]] military branch]] === February === {{main|February 1915}} * [[February]] – While working as a [[cook (profession)|cook]] at New York's [[Sloane Hospital for Women]] under an assumed name, "[[Typhoid Mary]]" (an [[asymptomatic carrier]] of [[typhoid fever]]) infects 25 people, and is placed in [[quarantine]] for life on [[March 27]]. * [[February 4]] – The [[Maritz Rebellion]] of disaffected [[Boer]]s, against the government of the [[Union of South Africa]], ends with the surrender of the remaining rebels. * [[February 8]] – The controversial film, ''[[The Birth of a Nation]]'', directed by [[D. W. Griffith]], premieres in Los Angeles. It will be the [[List of highest-grossing films#Timeline of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing film]] for around 25 years. * [[February 18]] – WWI: Germany regards the waters around the British Isles to be a war zone from this date, as part of its [[U-boat Campaign (World War I)|U-boat campaign]]. * [[February 20]] – In San Francisco, the [[Panama–Pacific International Exposition]] is opened. === March === {{main|March 1915}} * [[March]] – The [[1915 Palestine locust infestation]] breaks out in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]; it continues until [[October]]. * [[March 3]] – The [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]], the predecessor of [[NASA]], is founded in the United States. * [[March 10]] – [[March 13|13]] – WWI – [[Battle of Neuve Chapelle]]: In the first deliberately planned British offensive of the war, British Indian troops overrun German positions in France, but are unable to sustain the advance. * [[March 11]] – WWI: British [[armed merchantman]] {{HMS|Bayano|1913}} is sunk in the [[North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)|North Channel]] off the coast of [[Scotland]] by [[Imperial German Navy]] [[U-boat]] ''[[SM U-27 (Germany)|SM U-27]]''. Around 200 crew are lost, a number of bodies being washed up on the [[Isle of Man]], with only 26 saved.<ref>{{cite web|last=Johnston|first=Willie|date=March 12, 2015|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-31821949|title=Centenary of HMS Bayano disaster off the Galloway coast|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=March 24, 2015}}</ref> * [[March 14]] – WWI: ** [[Battle of Más a Tierra]]: Off the coast of [[Chile]], the British [[Royal Navy]] forces the Imperial German Navy [[light cruiser]] [[SMS Dresden (1907)|SMS ''Dresden'']] (last survivor of the German East Asia Squadron) to scuttle. ** [[Constantinople Agreement]]: [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]], [[French Third Republic|France]] and the [[Russian Empire]] agree to give [[Constantinople]] and the [[Bosphorus]] to Russia, in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the [[Bolshevik Revolution]]). * [[March 18]] ** WWI: A British attack on the [[Dardanelles]] fails. ** British Royal Navy battleship {{HMS|Dreadnought|1906}} sinks [[SM U-29 (Germany)|German submarine ''U-29'']] with all hands, in the [[Pentland Firth]] off the coast of Scotland, by ramming her, the only time this tactic is known to have been successfully used by a battleship. * [[March 19]] – [[Pluto]] is photographed for the first time, but is not classified as a [[planet]]. * [[March 25]] – The U.S. [[submarine]] ''F-4'' sinks off Hawaii; 21 are killed. * [[March 26]] – The [[Vancouver Millionaires]] win the [[1915 Stanley Cup Finals|Stanley Cup]] in [[ice hockey]] over the [[Ottawa Senators (original)|Ottawa Senators]], 3 games to 0. * [[March 28]] – The first [[Roman Catholic liturgy]] is celebrated by [[Archbishop]] [[John Ireland (bishop)|John Ireland]] at the newly consecrated [[Cathedral of Saint Paul, National Shrine of the Apostle Paul|Cathedral of Saint Paul]], in [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]]. [[File:SMS Dresden German Cruiser LOC 16727.jpg|thumb|250px|right| [[March 14]]: WWI: [[SMS Dresden (1907)|SMS ''Dresden'']], forced to scuttle by the [[Royal Navy]].]] === April === {{main|April 1915}} * [[April 5]] – Boxer [[Jess Willard]], the latest "Great White Hope", defeats [[Jack Johnson (boxer)|Jack Johnson]] with a 26th-round knockout in sweltering heat, at Havana, Cuba. Willard becomes very popular among white Americans, for "bringing back the championship to the white race". * [[April 11]] – [[Charlie Chaplin]]'s film ''[[The Tramp (film)|The Tramp]]'' is released. * [[April 22]] – WWI – Start of [[Second Battle of Ypres]]: Germany makes its first large scale use of [[chemical weapons|poison gas]] on the Western Front. * [[April 24]] – The [[Armenian Genocide]] begins ( it’s not officially an genocide because a lot of country saying that there’s no Armenian Genocide, it was a war, territory war. Too many countries saying that there’s no Armenian genocide, so there’s officially not a genocide. ) with the [[Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915|deportation of Armenian notables]] from [[Istanbul]]. * [[April 25]] – WWI – Start of the [[Gallipoli Campaign]] (lasting until January 1916): A [[landing at Anzac Cove]] is conducted by [[Australian and New Zealand Army Corps]], and a [[landing at Cape Helles]] by British and French troops, to begin the Allied invasion of the [[Gallipoli]] peninsula in the [[Ottoman Empire]]. [[File:RMS Luisitania.jpg|thumb|250px|right| [[May 7]]: WWI: {{RMS|Lusitania}}, sunk by a German [[U-boat]].]] * [[April 26]] – [[Treaty of London (1915)|Treaty of London]]: Italy secretly agrees to leave the [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]] with Germany and [[Austria-Hungary]], and join with the [[Triple Entente]], in exchange for certain territories of Austria-Hungary on its borders. === May === {{main|May 1915}} * [[May 1]] – WWI: General [[Louis Botha]], [[Prime Minister of South Africa]], leads the army in the occupation of [[German South West Africa]]. * [[May 3]] – Canadian soldier [[John McCrae]] writes the poem "[[In Flanders Fields]]". * [[May 5]] – WWI: Forces of the [[Ottoman Empire]] begin shelling [[ANZAC Cove]] from a new position behind their lines. * [[May 6]] – Baseball player [[Babe Ruth]] hits his first career home run (off [[Jack Warhop]]), for the [[Boston Red Sox]]. * [[May 7]] – WWI: [[Sinking of the RMS Lusitania|Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'']]: {{RMS|Titanic}}'s main rival, the British [[ocean liner]] {{RMS|Lusitania}}, is sunk by [[Imperial German Navy]] [[U-boat]] ''[[SM U-20 (Germany)|U-20]]'' off the south-west coast of Ireland, killing 1,198 civilians en route from New York City to [[Liverpool]]. * [[May 9]] – WWI – [[Second Battle of Artois]]: [[German Empire|German]] and [[French Third Republic|French]] forces fight to a standstill; German forces defeat the British at the [[Battle of Aubers Ridge]]. * [[May 17]] – The last purely [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] government in the United Kingdom ends, when the prime minister [[H. H. Asquith]] forms an all-party [[coalition government]], the [[Asquith coalition ministry]], effective [[May 25]]. * [[May 19]] – WWI: [[Third attack on Anzac Cove|The third attack on Anzac Cove]] by Ottoman forces is repelled, by the [[Australian and New Zealand Army Corps]]. * [[May 22]] ** [[Quintinshill rail disaster]] in Scotland: The collision and fire kill 226, mostly troops, the largest number of fatalities in a [[List of rail accidents in the United Kingdom|rail accident in the United Kingdom]]. ** [[Lassen Peak]], one of the [[Cascade Volcanoes]] in [[California]], erupts, sending an ash plume 30,000 feet in the air, and devastating the nearby area with [[pyroclastic flow]]s and [[lahar]]s. It is the only volcano to erupt in the contiguous United States this century, until the [[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens]]. * [[May 24]] – WWI: [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] joins the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]], after declaring war on [[Austria-Hungary]]. * [[May 25]] – [[Republic of China (1912–49)|China]] agrees to the [[Twenty-One Demands]] of the Japanese. * [[May 28]] – [[International Congress of Women]] meet at the Hague as a major peace initiative.<ref>Paull, John (2018) [http://www.academia.edu/36546779/The_Women_Who_Tried_to_Stop_the_Great_War_The_International_Congress_of_Women_at_The_Hague_1915 The Women Who Tried to Stop the Great War: The International Congress of Women at The Hague 1915], In A. H. Campbell (Ed.), Global Leadership Initiatives for Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding (pp. 249-266). (Chapter 12) Hershey, PA: IGI Global.</ref> * [[May 29]] – [[Teófilo Braga]] becomes president of [[First Portuguese Republic|Portugal]]. === June === {{main|June 1915}} * [[June 3]] – [[Mexican Revolution]]: Troops of [[Álvaro Obregón]] and [[Pancho Villa]] clash at [[León, Guanajuato|León]]; Obregón loses his right arm in a grenade attack, but Villa is decisively defeated. * [[June 5]] – [[Women's suffrage]] in national elections is introduced in Denmark. * [[June 9]] – U.S. Secretary of State [[William Jennings Bryan]] resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the [[sinking of the RMS Lusitania|sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'']]. * [[June 11]] – Friar [[Leonard Melki]] and hundreds of other Christians are driven out of [[Mardin]] and massacred by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] troops.<ref>{{cite book|title=Mardine la ville héroïque|last=Simon|first=Hyacinthe|publisher=Maison Naaman pour la culture|year=1991|location=Jounieh-Lebanon}}</ref> * [[June 16]] – [[Women's Institutes]] are established in Britain. * [[June 19]] – In [[Iceland]], at this time a dependency of Denmark: ** [[Women's suffrage]] is granted to those over 40.<ref>{{cite web|title=100 years of women’s suffrage in Iceland|first=Stefan|last=Jonasson|url=https://www.lh-inc.ca/icelandic-paper/online-stories/548-stefan-jonasson|work=Lögberg Heimskringla|accessdate=January 4, 2019}}</ref> ** The modern civil [[flag of Iceland]] is adopted officially. === July === {{main|July 1915}} * [[July]] – WWI – [[South West Africa Campaign]]: The [[Union of South Africa]] occupies [[German South West Africa]] with assistance from Canada, the United Kingdom, the [[Portuguese Republic]] and [[Portuguese Angola]]. South Africa will occupy [[South West Africa]] until March [[1990]]. * [[July 1]] – WWI: In [[aerial warfare]], German fighter pilot [[Kurt Wintgens]] becomes the first person to shoot down another plane, using a [[machine gun]] equipped with [[synchronization gear]]. * [[July 7]] ** An extremely overloaded [[International Railway (New York–Ontario)]] [[Tram|trolleycar]] with 157 passengers crashes near [[Queenston, Ontario]], resulting in 15 casualties. ** [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] militia captain [[Henry Pedris]] is executed in [[British Ceylon]] for inciting race riots, a charge later proved false; he becomes a hero of the [[Sri Lankan independence movement]]. * [[July 9]] – WWI: Theodore Seitz, governor of [[German South West Africa]], surrenders to General [[Louis Botha]], between [[Otavi]] and [[Tsumeb]]. * [[July 11]] – WWI – [[Battle of Rufiji Delta]] &ndash; German cruiser {{SMS|Königsberg|1905}} is forced to [[Scuttling|scuttle]] in the [[Rufiji River]], [[German East Africa]] (present-day [[Tanzania]]). * [[July 14]] – The [[McMahon–Hussein Correspondence]] between [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca]] and the British official [[Henry McMahon (diplomat)|Henry McMahon]] concerning the [[Arab revolt]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]] begins; in exchange for assistance against the Ottomans, the British offer bin Ali their recognition of an independent Arab kingdom, although clear terms are never agreed to.<ref>{{cite book|isbn=978-0-141-01728-0|first=Avi|last=Shlaim|authorlink=Avi Shlaim|title=Lion of Jordan|publisher=Penguin Books|location=London|year=2008|page=2}}</ref> * [[July 22]] – WWI: The "[[Great Retreat (Russian)|Great Retreat]]" is ordered on the Eastern Front; Russian forces pull back out of Poland (then part of Russia), taking machinery and equipment with them. * [[July 24]] – The steamer {{SS|Eastland||2}} capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 844 lives. * [[July 28]] – The [[American occupation of Haiti]] (1915–34) begins. === August === {{main|August 1915}} [[File:Galveston Hurricane 1915 wrecked home.jpg|thumb|August: Destruction by the [[1915 Galveston hurricane]].]] * [[August 5]] – [[August 23|23]] – Hurricane Two of the [[1915 Atlantic hurricane season]] over [[Galveston]] and [[New Orleans]] leaves 275 dead. * [[August 6]] – WWI – [[Battle of Sari Bair]]: The [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at [[Suvla Bay]]. * [[August 16]] – WWI: [[Allies of World War I|The Entente]] promises the [[Kingdom of Serbia]], should victory be achieved over [[Austria-Hungary]] and its allied [[Central Powers]], the territories of [[Baranya (region)|Baranja]], [[Srem]] and [[Slavonia]] from the [[Cisleithania]]n part of the Dual Monarchy, [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and eastern [[Dalmatia]] (from the river of [[Krka (Croatia)|Krka]] to Bar). * [[August 17]] – [[Jewish American]] [[Leo Frank]] is [[lynching|lynched]], for the alleged murder of a 13-year-old girl in [[Atlanta]]. * [[August 31]] – [[Jimmy Lavender]] of the [[Chicago Cubs]] pitches a [[no-hitter]], against the [[San Francisco Giants|New York Giants]]. === September === {{main|September 1915}} * [[September 5]] – The [[Zimmerwald Conference]] begins in [[Switzerland]]. * [[September 6]] – The prototype [[Tanks in World War I|military tank]] is first tested by the [[British Army]]. * [[September 7]] – Former cartoonist [[Johnny Gruelle|John B. Gruelle]] is given a patent for his ''[[Raggedy Ann]]'' doll. * [[September 8]] – WWI: A [[Zeppelin]] raid destroys No. 61 [[Farringdon Road]], London; it is rebuilt in [[1917]], and called The Zeppelin Building. * [[September 11]] – The [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] begins electrified commuter rail service between [[Paoli, Pennsylvania|Paoli]] and [[Philadelphia]], using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]]. * [[September 12]] – French soldiers rescue over 4,000 [[Armenian Genocide]] survivors stranded on Musa Dagh, a mountain in the Hatay province of [[Turkey]]. * [[September 25]] – [[October 14]] – WWI – [[Battle of Loos]]: British forces take the [[French Third Republic|French]] town of [[Loos-en-Gohelle|Loos]], but with substantial casualties, and are unable to press their advantage. This is the first time the British use [[poison gas in World War I]], and also their first large-scale use of 'New' (or [[Kitchener's Army]]) units. * [[September 30]] – WWI: [[Serbian Army]] [[private (rank)|private]] [[Radoje Ljutovac]] became the first soldier in history to shoot down an enemy aircraft, with [[Anti-aircraft warfare|ground-to-air]] fire. === October === {{main|October 1915}} * [[October]] – [[Franz Kafka]]'s [[novella]] ''[[The Metamorphosis]]'' (''Die Verwandlung'') is first published in Germany.<ref>In ''[[Die Weißen Blätter]]''.</ref> * [[October 10]] – [[Albert Cashier]] dies at age 71. * [[October 12]] – WWI: British nurse [[Edith Cavell]] is executed by a [[German Empire|German]] firing squad, for helping [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] soldiers escape from Belgium. * [[October 15]] – WWI – [[Serbian Campaign of World War I|Serbian Campaign]]: [[Austria-Hungary]] invades the [[Kingdom of Serbia]]. [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] enters the war, also invading Serbia. The [[Serbian First Army]] retreats towards [[Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)|Greece]]. * [[October 16]] – WWI: France declares war on [[Bulgaria]]. * [[October 19]] ** WWI: [[Russia]] and [[Italy]] declare war on [[Bulgaria]]. ** [[Mexican Revolution]]: The U.S. recognizes the Mexican government of [[Venustiano Carranza]] ''[[de facto]]'' (not ''[[de jure]]'' until [[1917]]). * [[October 21]] – The [[United Daughters of the Confederacy]] holds its first annual meeting outside the South, in [[San Francisco]]. Historian General [[Mildred Rutherford]] addresses the gathering on the "Historical Sins of Omission & Commission", of [[Yankee]] historians. * [[October 23]] – WWI: The torpedoing of [[armored cruiser]] {{SMS|Prinz Adalbert|1901}} results in only 3 men being rescued from a crew of 675, the greatest single loss of life for the [[Imperial German Navy]] in the [[Baltic Sea]] during the war. * [[October 25]] – [[Lyda Conley]], the first [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] woman to appear before the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] as a lawyer, is admitted to practice there.<ref>“Washington, Oct. 25.” ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 26, 1915.</ref> * [[October 27]] – [[Billy Hughes|William Morris "Billy" Hughes]] becomes the 7th [[Prime Minister of Australia]]. * [[October 28]] – [[St. Johns School fire]]: Fire at St. John's School in [[Peabody, Massachusetts]], claims the lives of 21 girls between the ages of 7 and 17. === November === {{main|November 1915}} * [[November 18]] – The U.S. [[silent film]] ''[[Inspiration (1915 film)|Inspiration]]'', the first mainstream movie in which a leading actress ([[Audrey Munson]]) appears [[Nudity in film|nude]], is released. * [[November 21]] – British polar exploration ship ''[[Endurance (1912 ship)|Endurance]]'' finally breaks apart from pressure of ice around it and sinks into the [[Weddell Sea]], stranding [[Ernest Shackleton]]'s [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]] party in the Antarctic.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shackleton|first=Ernest|title=South|publisher=Century Publishing|location=London|year=1983|isbn=0-7126-0111-2|page=98}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/Ernest_Shackleton_map_time_line.htm|title=Ernest Shackleton, Endurance Voyage, Time Line and Map|publisher=CoolAntarctica.com|year=2001|accessdate=October 27, 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016131004/http://coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/Ernest_Shackleton_map_time_line.htm|archivedate=October 16, 2012}}</ref> * [[November 23]] – The ''[[Triangle Film Corporation]]'' opens its new motion picture theater in [[Massillon, Ohio]]. * [[November 24]] – [[William Joseph Simmons|William J. Simmons]] revives the American Civil War era [[Ku Klux Klan]] at [[Stone Mountain]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. * [[November 25]] – [[Albert Einstein]] presents part of his theory of [[general relativity]] to the [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Einstein|first=Albert|date=November 25, 1915|title=Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation|journal=Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin|pages=844–847|url=http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?url=/permanent/echo/einstein/sitzungsberichte/6E3MAXK4/index.meta|accessdate=August 27, 2018}}</ref> === December === {{main|December 1915}} * [[December 10]] – The 1 millionth [[Ford]] car rolls off the assembly line, at the [[River Rouge Plant]] in [[Detroit]], Michigan. * [[December 12]] – [[President of the Republic of China]] [[Yuan Shikai]] declares himself [[Empire of China (1915–16)|Emperor]]. * [[December 18]] – United States President [[Woodrow Wilson]] marries [[Edith Bolling Galt Wilson|Edith B. Galt]], in Washington, D.C. * [[December 23]] – [[HMHS Britannic|HMHS ''Britannic'']], which will be the largest British ship lost in WWI (though with only 30 fatalities), departs [[Liverpool]] on her maiden voyage as a [[hospital ship]]. * [[December 26]] – The [[Irish Republican Brotherhood]] Military Council decides to stage an [[Easter Rising]] in 1916. === Date unknown === * [[Alfred Wegener]] publishes his theory of [[Pangaea]]. * The first [[stop sign]] appears in [[Detroit]]. * The [[Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis]] is founded in the United States. == Births == {{BDToC|births}} === January === [[File:Meg Mundy 1955.JPG|100px|thumb|[[Meg Mundy]]]] [[File:Fernando Lamas circa mid 1960s.JPG|thumb|100px|[[Fernando Lamas]]]] [[File:Santiago Carrillo firmando en la Feria del Libro de Madrid en 2006.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Santiago Carrillo]]]] [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R65485, Joachim Peiper.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Joachim Peiper]]]] [[File:Alan Lomax.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Alan Lomax]]]] * [[January 1]] ** [[Branko Ćopić]], Yugoslav writer (d. [[1984]]) ** [[Tom Godwin]], American science fiction author (d. [[1980]]) ** [[Fazlollah Reza]], Iranian university professor, electrical engineer (d. [[2019]]) * [[January 2]] – [[John Hope Franklin]], African-American historian (d. [[2009]]) * [[January 3]] ** [[Sid Hudson]], American baseball player (d. [[2008]]) ** [[Mady Rahl]], German stage, film actress (d. [[2009]]) * [[January 4]] ** [[Meg Mundy]], English-born American actress (d. [[2016]]) ** [[Adolf Opálka]], Czechoslovak soldier (d. [[1942]]) * [[January 5]] ** [[Arthur H. Robinson]], American geographer, cartographer (d. [[2004]]) ** [[Humberto Teixeira]], Brazilian flautist (d. [[1979]]) * [[January 6]] ** [[Don Edwards]], American politician (d. [[2015]]) ** [[Alan Watts]], British philosopher (d. [[1973]]) * [[January 7]] ** [[Franz Bartl]], Austrian field handball player (d. [[1941]]) ** [[Helen Mussallem]], Canadian nursing administrator (d. [[2012]]) * [[January 9]] ** [[Fernando Lamas]], Argentine-born actor (d. [[1982]]) ** [[Anita Louise]], American actress (d. [[1970]]) * [[January 11]] – [[Robert Blair Mayne]], British soldier, co-founder of the Special Air Service (d. [[1955]]) * [[January 14]] – [[Mark Goodson]], American television game show producer (d. [[1992]]) * [[January 15]] – [[Leo Mol]], Ukrainian-born Canadian artist, sculptor (d. [[2009]]) * [[January 16]] ** [[Susan Ahn Cuddy]], United States Navy gunnery officer (d. [[2015]]) ** [[Leslie H. Martinson]], American film director (d. [[2016]]) * [[January 17]] – [[Sammy Angott]], American boxer (d. [[1980]]) * [[January 18]] – [[Santiago Carrillo]], Spanish politician (d. [[2012]]) * [[January 20]] ** [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]], Pakistani civil servant, 7th [[President of Pakistan]] (d. [[2006]]) ** [[Edward Stewart (set decorator)|Edward Stewart]], American set decorator (d. [[1999]]) * [[January 23]] **[[W. Arthur Lewis]], British economist, [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1991]]) **[[Potter Stewart]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1985]]) * [[January 24]] – [[Robert Motherwell]], American painter (d. [[1991]]) * [[January 25]] – [[Ewan MacColl]], English folk singer, songwriter, and poet (d. [[1989]]) * [[January 28]] – [[Nien Cheng]], Chinese-born American writer (d. [[2009]]) * [[January 29]] **[[Albert Henderson (actor)|Albert Henderson]], American actor (d. [[2004]]) **[[V. V. Sadagopan]], Indian film actor, music teacher, performer and composer **[[John Serry, Sr.]], American musician, composer, and arranger (d. [[2003]]) * [[January 30]] ** [[Ed Keats]], American rear admiral (d. [[2019]]) ** [[Joachim Peiper]], German Waffen-SS officer (d. [[1976]]) ** [[John Profumo]], British politician (d. [[2006]]) * [[January 31]] ** [[Alan Lomax]], American folklorist, musicologist (d. [[2002]]) ** [[Thomas Merton]], American monk, author (d. [[1968]]) === February === [[File:Robert Hofstadter.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Robert Hofstadter]]]] [[File:Patriarch-Teoctist.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Teoctist Arăpașu]]]] [[File:Lorne Greene - 1969.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Lorne Greene]]]] [[File:Ann Sheridan Argentinean Magazine AD.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ann Sheridan]]]] [[File:Paul W. Tibbets.JPG|thumb|100px|[[Paul Tibbets]]]] * [[February 1]] ** [[Alicia Rhett]], American actress (d. [[2014]]) ** [[Artur London]], Czech statesman (d. [[1986]]) ** Sir [[Stanley Matthews]], English footballer (d. [[2000]]) * [[February 2]] ** [[Abba Eban]], South African-born Israeli foreign affairs minister (d. [[2002]]) ** [[Khushwant Singh]], Indian writer (d. [[2014]]) * [[February 4]] ** [[Ray Evans]], American composer (d. [[2007]]) ** Sir [[Norman Wisdom]], English comedian, singer, and actor (d. [[2010]]) ** [[Virginia Admiral]], American painter and poet (d. [[2000]]) * [[February 5]] – [[Robert Hofstadter]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1990]]) * [[February 6]] – [[Danuta Szaflarska]], Polish screen, stage actress (d. [[2017]]) * [[February 7]] ** [[Teoctist Arăpașu]], Ex-Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch (d. [[2007]]) ** [[Georges-André Chevallaz]], 78th [[President of the Swiss Confederation]] (d. [[2002]]) ** [[Liu Jie]], Chinese politician (d. [[2018]]) * [[February 10]] – [[Karl Winsch]], American professional baseball player, manager (d. [[2001]]) * [[February 11]] ** [[Patrick Leigh Fermor]], British author, soldier (d. [[2011]]) ** [[Harry Walker (rugby union)|Harry Walker]], English rugby union player (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Richard Hamming]], American mathematician (d. [[1998]]) * [[February 12]] ** [[Richard G. Colbert]], American admiral (d. [[1973]]) ** [[Lorne Greene]], Canadian actor (d. [[1987]]) ** [[Olivia Hooker]], American civil rights figure (d. [[2018]]) * [[February 13]] – [[Aung San]], Burmese national leader (d. [[1947]]) * [[February 16]] ** [[Elisabeth Eybers]], South African poet (d. [[2007]]) ** [[Jim O'Hora]], American college football coach (d. [[2005]]) * [[February 19]] **[[Fred Freiberger]], American screenwriter, television producer (d. [[2003]]) **[[John Freeman (British politician)|John Freeman]], British politician (d. [[2014]]) * [[February 20]] – [[Danuta Szaflarska]] Polish screen, stage actress (d. [[2017]]) * [[February 21]] ** [[Ann Sheridan]], American film actress (d. [[1967]]) ** [[Anton Vratuša]], 8th [[Prime Minister of Slovenia]] (d. [[2017]]) * [[February 23]] **[[Jon Hall (actor)|Jon Hall]], American actor (d. [[1979]]) **[[Paul Tibbets]], American World War II bomber pilot (''[[Enola Gay]]'') (d. [[2007]]) * [[February 27]] – [[Dick Crockett]], American actor, stunt performer (d. [[1979]]) * [[February 28]] ** [[Peter Medawar]], Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1987]]) ** [[Zero Mostel]], American film, stage actor (d. [[1977]]) === March === [[File:Csatáry László.jpg|100px|thumb|[[László Csatáry]]]] [[File:Jacques Chaban-Delmas-1 (cropped).jpg|100px|thumb|[[Jacques Chaban-Delmas]]]] [[File:Patricia Morison.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Patricia Morison]]]] [[File:Rudolf Kirchschläger.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Rudolf Kirchschläger]]]] * [[March 1]] – [[Elizabeth Peet McIntosh]], American spy (d. [[2015]]) * [[March 4]] **[[László Csatáry|László Csizsik-Csatáry]], Hungarian convicted Nazi war criminal (d. [[2013]]) **[[Carlos Surinach]], Spanish composer (d. [[1997]]) * [[March 5]] – [[Sydney Sturgess]], British-Canadian actress (d. [[1999]]) * [[March 6]] ** [[Mary Ward (actress)|Mary Ward]], Australian actress ** [[Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin]], Indian leader of the [[Dawoodi Bohra]] Community (d. [[2014]]) * [[March 7]] – [[Jacques Chaban-Delmas]], French politician, [[Prime Minister of France]] (d. [[2000]]) * [[March 8]] – [[Drue Heinz]], American literary publisher (d. [[2018]]) * [[March 9]] – [[Johnnie Johnson (RAF officer)|John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson]], English pilot (d. [[2001]]) * [[March 10]] – [[Harry Bertoia]], Italian artist, designer (d. [[1978]]) * [[March 11]] – [[Vijay Hazare]], Indian cricketer (d. [[2004]]) * [[March 14]] – [[Alexander Brott]], Canadian conductor, composer (d. [[2005]]) * [[March 15]] – [[Carl Emil Schorske]], American cultural historian (d. [[2015]]) * [[March 17]] ** [[Ray Ellington]], British singer, bandleader (d. [[1985]]) ** [[Bill Roycroft]], Australian equestrian (d. [[2011]]) * [[March 19]] – [[Patricia Morison]], American actress (d. [[2018]]) * [[March 20]] ** [[Rudolf Kirchschläger]], Austrian politician, 8th [[President of Austria]] (d. [[2000]]) ** [[Sviatoslav Richter]], Ukrainian pianist (d. [[1997]]) ** [[Marie M. Runyon]], American politician, activist (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Sister Rosetta Tharpe]], American singer (d. [[1973]]) * [[March 23]] – [[Vasily Zaitsev (sniper)|Vasily Zaytsev]], Soviet sniper (d. [[1991]]) * [[March 27]] – [[Robert Lockwood Jr.]], American musician (d. [[2006]]) * [[March 28]] – [[Jeremy Hutchinson, Baron Hutchinson of Lullington|Jeremy Hutchinson]], British lawyer, peer (d. [[2017]]) * [[March 30]] ** [[Brockway McMillan]], American government official and scientist (d. [[2016]]) ** [[Arsenio Erico]], Paraguayan footballer (d. [[1977]]) ** [[Pietro Ingrao]], Italian politician (d. [[2015]]) * [[March 31]] – [[Albert Hourani]], English historian (d. [[1993]]) === April === [[File:Piet de Jong 2011 (1).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Piet de Jong]]]] [[File:Billie Holiday 1949.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Billie Holiday]]]] [[File:Harry Morgan in 1975.JPG|100px|thumb|[[Harry Morgan]]]] [[File:Anthony Quinn signed.JPG|100px|thumb|[[Anthony Quinn]]]] * [[April 1]] – [[O. W. Fischer]], Austrian actor (d. [[2004]]) * [[April 3]] ** [[Axel Axgil]], Danish LGBT rights activist (d. [[2011]]) ** [[Piet de Jong]], Dutch politician, naval officer, [[Ministry of Defence (Netherlands)|Minister of Defence]] (1963–1967), and [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]] (1967–1971) (d. [[2016]]) ** [[İhsan Doğramacı]], Turkish physician, academic (d. [[2010]]) ** [[Paul Touvier]], French Nazi collaborator (d. [[1996]]) * [[April 4]] – [[Dorothy Fay]], American actress (d. [[2003]]) * [[April 6]] ** [[Tadeusz Kantor]], Polish painter, assemblage designer and theatre director (d. [[1990]]) ** [[Thelma McKenzie]], Australian cricketer * [[April 7]] ** [[Stanley Adams (actor)|Stanley Adams]], American actor, screenwriter (d. [[1977]]) ** [[Albert O. Hirschman]], German-born economist (d. [[2012]]) ** [[Billie Holiday]], African-American singer (d. [[1959]]) * [[April 8]] ** Sir [[Alan Dawtry]], British local government official (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Ivan Supek]], Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist (d. [[2007]]) * [[April 10]] ** [[Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan]], Kashmiri guerrilla leader (d. [[2003]]) ** [[Harry Morgan]], American actor and director (d. [[2011]]) ** [[Wynona Mulcaster]], Canadian painter and teacher (d. [[2016]]) * [[April 12]] ** [[George Hogan (basketball)|George Hogan]], American professional basketball player (d. [[1965]]) ** [[Hound Dog Taylor]], American guitarist, singer (d. [[1975]]) ** [[Július Tomin (Interlingua)|Július Tomin]], Czech writer known for promoting [[Interlingua]] (d. [[2003]]) * [[April 15]] – [[Elizabeth Catlett]], African-American artist (d. [[2012]]) * [[April 17]] – [[William Pachner]], Czech painter (d. [[2017]]) * [[April 19]] – [[Vonda Phelps]], American actress (d. [[2004]]) * [[April 20]] – [[Zita Szeleczky]], Hungarian actress (d. [[1999]]) * [[April 21]] – [[Anthony Quinn]], Mexican actor (d. [[2001]]) * [[April 24]] ** [[Salvador Borrego]], Mexican journalist, historical revisionist and neo-nazi writer (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Sam Burston]], Australian farmer (d. [[2015]]) * [[April 29]] – [[Donald Mills]], lead tenor of the [[Mills Brothers]] (d. [[1999]]) * [[April 30]] – [[Elio Toaff]], Italian rabbi (d. [[2015]]) === May === [[File:Orson Welles 1937.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Orson Welles]]]] [[File:Denis Thatcher in 1988.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Denis Thatcher]]]] [[File:Paul Samuelson.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Paul Samuelson]]]] [[File:Herman Wouk 2014.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Herman Wouk]]]] [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F026295-0025, Bonn, Konzert Landesvertretung Baden-Württemberg.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Karl Münchinger]]]] * [[May 1]] – [[Archie Williams]], American athlete (d. [[1993]]) * [[May 2]] ** [[Van Alexander]], American bandleader, arranger and composer (d. [[2015]]) ** [[Doris Fisher (songwriter)|Doris Fisher]], American singer and songwriter (d. [[2003]]) * [[May 3]] ** [[Michele Cozzoli]], Italian composer, conductor and arranger (d. [[1961]]) ** [[Stu Hart]], Canadian wrestling trainer (d. [[2003]]) * [[May 5]] ** [[Alice Faye]], American entertainer (d. [[1998]]) ** [[Ben Wright (English actor)|Ben Wright]], English actor (d. [[1989]]) * [[May 6]] ** [[Sydney Carter]], British musician, poet and songwriter (d. [[2004]]) ** [[Orson Welles]], American actor and director (d. [[1985]]) * [[May 8]] ** [[John Archer (actor)|John Archer]], American actor (d. [[1999]]) ** [[Milton Meltzer]], American author (d. [[2009]]) * [[May 10]] ** [[Beyers Naudé]], South African cleric, theologian and activist (d. [[2004]]) ** Sir [[Denis Thatcher]], British businessman, husband of [[Margaret Thatcher]] (d. [[2003]]) * [[May 12]] ** [[Brother Roger]], Swiss founder of the Taizé Community (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Tadashi Sasaki (engineer)|Tadashi Sasaki]], Japanese engineer (d. [[2018]]) * [[May 15]] ** [[Hilda Bernstein]], English-born author, artist, and activist (d. [[2006]]) ** [[Ida Keeling]], American track and field athlete ** [[Evelyn Owen]], Australian gun designer (d. [[1949]]) ** [[Paul Samuelson]], American economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2009]]) * [[May 16]] – [[Mario Monicelli]], Italian film director (d. [[2010]]) * [[May 19]] – [[Renée Asherson]], British actress (d. [[2014]]) * [[May 20]] – [[Moshe Dayan]], Israeli military leader and politician (d. [[1981]]) * [[May 25]] – [[Aarne Kainlauri]], Finnish athlete * [[May 26]] – [[Sam Edwards]], American actor (d. [[2004]]) * [[May 27]] ** [[Ester Soré]], Chilean musician (d. [[1996]]) ** [[Herman Wouk]], American author (d. [[2019]]) * [[May 29]] – [[Karl Münchinger]], German conductor (d. [[1990]]) * [[May 31]] – [[Carmen Herrera]], Cuban-American painter === June === [[File:Les Paul live 3.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Les Paul]]]] [[File:David Rockefeller - NARA - 195929 (cropped).jpg|100px|thumb|[[David Rockefeller]]]] [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F054628-0037, Ludwigshafen, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Rumor.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Mariano Rumor]]]] * [[June 1]] ** [[Johnny Bond]], American country music singer and songwriter (d. [[1978]]) ** [[John Randolph (actor)|John Randolph]], American actor (d. [[2004]]) * [[June 2]] ** [[Jason Lee (judge)|Jason Lee]], American politician and judge (d. [[1980]]) ** [[Tapio Wirkkala]], Finnish designer (d. [[1985]]) * [[June 3]] – [[Milton Cato]], Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (d. [[1997]]) * [[June 4]] – [[Modibo Keïta]], 1st [[President of Mali]] (d. [[1977]]) * [[June 9]] ** [[Ken Feltscheer]], Australian rules footballer (d. [[2017]]) ** [[Les Paul]], American inventor and musician (d. [[2009]]) * [[June 10]] ** [[Saul Bellow]], Canadian-born writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Peride Celal]], Turkish author (d. [[2013]]) ** [[Inia Te Wiata]], New Zealand Māori bass-baritone opera singer, film actor, whakairo (carver) and artist (d. [[1971]]) * [[June 11]] ** [[Buddy Baer]], American boxer and actor (d. [[1986]]) ** [[Magda Gabor]], Hungarian-American actress (d. [[1997]]) * [[June 12]] ** [[William MacVane]], American surgeon and politician (d. [[2010]]) ** [[David Rockefeller]], American banker and philanthropist (d. [[2017]]) * [[June 14]] ** [[Loke Wan Tho]], Singaporean business magnate, ornithologist, and photographer (d. [[1964]]) ** [[Zoe Dell Nutter]], American dancer, model, promoter, pilot and philanthropist * [[June 15]] ** [[Kaiser Matanzima]], President of the Transkei bantustan (d. [[2003]]) ** [[Nini Theilade]], Danish ballet dancer, choreographer and teacher (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Thomas Huckle Weller]], American virologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[2008]]) * [[June 16]] – [[Mariano Rumor]], Italian politician and [[Prime Minister of Italy]] from 1968 to 1970 and again from 1973 to 1974 (d. [[1990]]) * [[June 17]] ** [[David "Stringbean" Akeman]], American country music banjo player (d. [[1973]]) ** [[Mario Echandi Jiménez]], [[President of Costa Rica]] (d. [[2011]]) ** [[Karl Targownik]], Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (d. [[1996]]) ** [[Walter J. Zable]], American founder and CEO of [[Cubic Corporation]] (d. [[2012]]) * [[June 19]] – [[Pat Buttram]], American actor (d. [[1994]]) * [[June 20]] – [[Terence Young (director)|Terence Young]], British film director and screenwriter (d. [[1994]]) * [[June 21]] ** [[Jesús Arango Cano]], Colombian economist, diplomat, anthropologist, archaeologist and writer (d. [[2015]]) ** [[Karol Miklosz]], Polish-Soviet footballer, Soviet referee and Soviet-Ukrainian football administrator (d. [[2003]]) * [[June 22]] ** [[Duncan Clark (athlete)|Duncan Clark]], Scottish athlete (d. [[2003]]) ** [[Thomas Quinn Curtiss]], American writer, and film and theatre critic (d. [[2000]]) ** [[Randolph Hokanson]], American pianist (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Hatsuko Morioka]], Japanese freestyle swimmer ** [[Cornelius Warmerdam]], American track & field athlete (d. [[2001]]) * [[June 23]] – [[Frances Gabe]], American artist and inventor (d. [[2016]]) * [[June 24]] ** [[Fred Hoyle]], British astronomer (d. [[2001]]) ** [[Bill Radovich]], American football guard (d. [[2002]]) * [[June 25]] – [[Floyd Boring]], American Secret Service agent (d. [[2008]]) * [[June 26]] ** [[George Haigh]], English professional footballer (d. [[2019]]) ** [[Charlotte Zolotow]], American author (d. [[2013]]) * [[June 27]] ** [[Grace Lee Boggs]], American author, social activist, and philosopher (d. [[2015]]) ** [[Graham Botting]], New Zealand cricketer and hockey (d. [[2007]]) ** [[Marie Clarke]], American activist and labor leader ** [[Aideu Handique]], Indian actress (d. [[2002]]) ** [[John Alexander Moore]], American zoology professor emeritus (d. [[2002]]) * [[June 28]] ** [[David "Honeyboy" Edwards]], American musician (d. [[2011]]) ** [[Muzz Patrick]], Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. [[1998]]) ** [[Carmen Vidal]], Spanish cosmetologist and businesswoman (d. [[2003]]) * [[June 29]] – [[John Charles Cutler]], American surgeon (d. [[2003]]) * [[June 30]] ** [[Oskar-Hubert Dennhardt]], German officer (d. [[2014]]) ** [[Robert E. Hopkins]], president of the Optical Society of America in 1973 (d. [[2009]]) === July === [[File:8th Duke of Wellington 4 Allan Warren.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington|Valerian Wellesley]]]] [[File:John Woodruff 1936.jpg|100px|thumb|[[John Woodruff]]]] [[File:Lt. Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Navy.JPG|100px|thumb|[[Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.]]]] * [[July 1]] ** [[A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury]], 9th President of Bangladesh (d. [[2001]]) ** [[Philip Lever, 3rd Viscount Leverhulme]], British peer (d. [[2000]]) ** [[Rudolf Pernický]], Czechoslovak soldier and paratrooper (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Boots Poffenberger]], American Major League Baseball pitcher (d. [[1999]]) ** [[Oscar Valicelli]], Argentine actor (d. [[1999]]) * [[July 2]] ** [[Peggy Hubicki]], English composer and teacher (d. [[2006]]) ** [[Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington]] (d. [[2014]]) * [[July 3]] ** [[Ralph Chapin]], American businessman (d. [[2000]]) ** [[Marta Grandi]], Italian entomologist (d. [[2005]]) * [[July 4]] – [[Timmie Rogers]], American actor and singer-songwriter (d. [[2006]]) * [[July 5]] ** [[Yu Guangyuan]], Chinese economist (d. [[2013]]) ** [[Al Timothy]], Trinidadian musician (d. [[2000]]) ** [[John Woodruff]], American athlete (d. [[2007]]) * [[July 6]] ** [[Leonard Birchall]], Royal Canadian Air Force (d. [[2004]]) ** [[Javare Gowda]], Indian language author (d. [[2016]]) * [[July 7]] ** [[Reynaldo Guerra Garza]], American judge (d. [[2004]]) ** [[Adalbert Gurath Sr.]], Romanian fencer ** [[Billy Mure]], American guitarist (d. [[2013]]) ** [[Terry O'Sullivan]], American actor (d. [[2006]]) ** [[Margaret Walker]], American poet and writer (d. [[1998]]) * [[July 8]] ** [[Malvina Cheek]], British artist (d. [[2016]]) ** [[Lowell English]], United States Marine Corps general (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Neil D. Van Sickle]], American Air Force major general (d. [[2019]]) * [[July 9]] ** [[Joan Tompkins]], American actress (d. [[2005]]) * [[July 10]] – [[Kevin Barrett (footballer)|Kevin Barrett]], Australian rules footballer (d. [[1984]]) * [[July 11]] – [[Leonard Goodwin]], British protozoologist (d. [[2008]]) * [[July 12]] ** [[Princess Catherine Ivanovna of Russia]] (d. [[2007]]) ** [[Emanuel Papper]], American anesthesiologist, professor, and author (d. [[2002]]) * [[July 13]] ** [[Tex Hill]], Korean-American fighter pilot and flying ace (d. [[2007]]) ** [[Paul Williams (saxophonist)|Paul Williams]], African American jazz and blues saxophonist, bandleader and songwriter (d. [[2002]]) * [[July 14]] – [[Harold Pupkewitz]], Namibian entrepreneur (d. [[2012]]) * [[July 15]] ** [[William O. Baker]], former president of Bell Labs (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Alicia Zubasnabar de De la Cuadra]], Argentine human rights activist (d. [[2008]]) ** [[A. A. Englander]], British television cinematographer (d. [[2004]]) ** [[Albert Ghiorso]], American nuclear scientist (d. [[2010]]) ** [[Edith Pfau]], American painter, sculptor and art educator (d. [[2001]]) ** [[Judith Révész]], Hungarian-Dutch potter and sculptor (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Kashmir Singh Katoch]], Indian military advisor (d. [[2007]]) ** [[David Tree]], English actor (d. [[2009]]) ** [[Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulgăr]], Moldovan activist (d. [[2003]]) * [[July 16]] – [[Elaine Barrie]], American actress (d. [[2003]]) * [[July 17]] – [[Fred Ball]], American movie studio executive, actor, and brother of comedian [[Lucille Ball]] (d. [[2007]]) * [[July 18]] ** [[Roxana Cannon Arsht]], American judge (d. [[2003]]) ** [[Carequinha]], Brazilian clown, actor (d. [[2006]]) ** [[Louis Le Bailly]], British Royal Navy officer (d. [[2010]]) * [[July 19]] ** [[Rita Childers]], First Lady of Ireland (1973–1974) (d. [[2010]]) ** [[Åke Hellman]], Finnish painter (d. [[2017]]) ** [[Katherine Sanford]], American biologist (d. [[2005]]) * [[July 20]] ** [[Matest M. Agrest]], Russian-Jewish mathematician (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Gene Hasson]], American Major League Baseball infielder (d. [[2003]]) * [[July 22]] – [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah]], Pakistani female politician, diplomat and author (d. [[2000]]) * [[July 24]] – [[Enrique Fernando]], Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court (d. [[2004]]) * [[July 25]] ** [[S. U. Ethirmanasingham]], Sri Lankan businessman and politician ** [[Julio Iglesias, Sr.]], Spanish gynecologist, father of [[Julio Iglesias]] (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.]], American fighter pilot, brother of [[John F. Kennedy]] (d. [[1944]]) * [[July 26]] – [[K. Pattabhi Jois]], Indian yogi (d. [[2009]]) * [[July 28]] ** [[Audrey Callaghan]], Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Helena Dunicz-Niwińska]], Polish violinist, translator and author (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Dick Sprang]], American [[comic book]] artist during the [[golden age of comics]], [[explorer]] (d. [[2000]]) ** [[Charles Hard Townes]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2015]]) ** [[Frankie Yankovic]], American accordion player (d. [[1998]]) === August === [[File:Gary merrill.png|thumb|100px|[[Gary Merrill]]]] [[File:Ingrid Bergman, Gaslight 1944.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Ingrid Bergman]]]] [[File:Lilian of Sweden 1940s as Mrs. Craig.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland|Princess Lilian]]]] * [[August 2]] ** [[Gary Merrill]], American actor (d. [[1990]]) ** [[Neville Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram]], British army officer (d. [[2017]]) * [[August 3]] ** [[Frank Arthur Calder]], Canadian politician (d. [[2006]]) ** [[Pete Newell]], Canadian-born basketball coach (d. [[2008]]) * [[August 4]] – [[William Keene]], American actor (d. [[1992]]) * [[August 8]] ** [[Alex Schoenbaum]], American collegiate football player and businessman (d. [[1996]]) ** [[María Rostworowski]], Peruvian historian (d. [[2016]]) ** [[Joseph P. Graw]], American businessman and politician (d. [[2018]]) * [[August 9]] – [[George W. BonDurant]], American preacher (d. [[2017]]) * [[August 12]] ** [[Donald Pellmann]], American masters athlete ** [[Michael Kidd]], American choreographer (d. [[2007]]) * [[August 13]] – [[Muhammad Ibrahim Joyo]], Pakistani teacher, writer, scholar, and Sindhi nationalist (d. [[2017]]) * [[August 14]] ** [[Irene Hickson]], American professional baseball player (d. [[1995]]) ** [[Vincent Foy]], Canadian Roman Catholic cleric, theologian (d. [[2017]]) * [[August 18]] – [[Joseph Arthur Ankrah]], 2nd President of Ghana (d. [[1992]]) * [[August 19]] – [[Ring Lardner Jr.]], American film screenwriter (d. [[2000]]) * [[August 21]] – [[Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman]], British lawyer, political adviser (d. [[1995]]) * [[August 22]] – [[Hugh Paddick]], British actor (d. [[2000]]) * [[August 24]] ** [[Dave McCoy]], American founder of the Mammoth Mountain Ski Area ** [[Wynonie Harris]], African-American blues, [[rhythm and blues]] singer (d. [[1969]]) * [[August 25]] – [[Walter Trampler]], American violist (d. [[1997]]) * [[August 27]] – [[Norman F. Ramsey]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2011]]) * [[August 28]] ** [[Tol Avery]], American actor (d. [[1973]]) ** [[Simon Oakland]], American actor (d. [[1983]]) ** [[Max Robertson]], British sports commentator (d. [[2009]]) ** [[Tasha Tudor]], American illustrator (d. [[2008]]) * [[August 29]] ** [[Jack Agazarian]], English World War II spy (d. [[1945]]) ** [[Ingrid Bergman]], Swedish actress (d. [[1982]]) * [[August 30]] ** [[Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland]], British-born Swedish princess (d. [[2013]]) ** [[Robert Strassburg]], American composer (d. [[2003]]) * [[August 31]] – [[Víctor Pey]], Spanish-Chilean engineer (d. [[2018]]) === September === [[File:Franz Josef Strauß 1982.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Franz Josef Strauss]]]] [[File:Luncheon in honor of Doolittle Raiders 141107-N-CS953-014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Richard E. Cole]]]] [[File:MFHussain2.jpg|thumb|100px|[[M. F. Husain]]]] [[File:Brenda Marshall.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Brenda Marshall]]]] * [[September 2]] – [[Meinhardt Raabe]], American actor (d. [[2010]]) * [[September 3]] ** [[Knut Nystedt]], Norwegian composer (d. [[2014]]) ** [[Eddie Stanky]], American baseball player and manager (d. [[1999]]) * [[September 6]] – [[Franz Josef Strauss]], German politician (d. [[1988]]) * [[September 7]] – [[Richard E. Cole]], American air force officer (d. [[2019]]) * [[September 8]] ** [[Frank Cady]], American actor (d. [[2012]]) ** [[Benoît Lacroix]], Canadian theologian and philosopher (d. [[2016]]) ** [[Frank Pullen]], English business person, racehorse owner (d. [[1992]]) * [[September 9]] – [[Richard Webb (actor)|Richard Webb]], American actor (d. [[1993]]) * [[September 10]] **[[Viva Leroy Nash]], American murderer, oldest death row inmate (d. [[2010]]) **[[Edmond O'Brien]], American actor (d. [[1985]]) **[[Robert Sparr]], American film director and screenwriter (d. [[1969]]) * [[September 11]] – [[Raúl Alberto Lastiri]], 39th President of Argentina (d. [[1978]]) * [[September 14]] ** [[John Dobson (amateur astronomer)|John Dobson]], American astronomer (d. [[2014]]) ** [[Douglas Kennedy (actor)|Douglas Kennedy]], American actor (d. [[1973]]) * [[September 15]] ** [[Helmut Schön]], German football player, manager (d. [[1996]]) ** [[Albert Whitlock]], British-born [[Matte (filmmaking)|matte artist]] (d. [[1999]]) * [[September 16]] – [[Eddie Filgate]], Irish politician (d. [[2017]]) * [[September 17]] ** [[M. F. Husain]], Indian artist (d. [[2011]]) ** [[Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez]], Spanish-born philosopher (d. [[2011]]) * [[September 19]] – [[Duffy Ayers]], English portrait painter (d. [[2017]]) * [[September 20]] – [[Malik Meraj Khalid]], Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. [[2003]]) * [[September 21]] – [[Gertrude Poe]], American journalist (d. [[2017]]) * [[September 22]] – [[Bernardino Piñera]], Chilean Roman Catholic bishop * [[September 23]] ** [[Julius Baker]], American flautist (d. [[2003]]) ** [[Zdenko Blažeković]], Croatian politician (d. [[1947]]) ** [[Clifford Shull]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2001]]) * [[September 24]] – [[Joseph Montoya]], American politician (d. [[1978]]) * [[September 27]] – [[Ira Colitz]], American politician (d. [[1998]]) * [[September 28]] ** [[Kay Mander]], British film director, shooting continuity specialist (d. [[2013]]) ** [[Wee Chong Jin]], Singaporean judge (d. [[2005]]) * [[September 29]] ** [[Vincent DeDomenico]], American entrepreneur (d. [[2007]]) ** [[Brenda Marshall]], American actress (d. [[1992]]) * [[September 30]] ** [[Nadezhda Fedutenko]], Soviet red army officer (d. [[1978]]) ** [[Lester Maddox]], Governor of Georgia (d. [[2003]]) === October === [[File:Capovilla.cardinal2014.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Loris Francesco Capovilla]]]] [[File:Arthur-miller.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Arthur Miller]]]] [[File:Yitzhak Shamir (1980).jpg|100px|thumb|[[Yitzhak Shamir]]]] * [[October 1]] ** [[Jerome Bruner]], American psychologist (d. [[2016]]) ** [[Talat Tunçalp]], Turkish Olympian cyclist (d. [[2017]]) * [[October 2]] – [[Chuck Williams (author)|Chuck Williams]], American businessman (d. [[2015]]) * [[October 6]] – [[Neus Català]], Spanish political activist (d. [[2019]]) * [[October 7]] – [[Walter Keane]], American plagiarist (d. [[2000]]) * [[October 11]] – [[T. Llew Jones]], Welsh author, poet (d. [[2009]]) * [[October 12]] ** [[José Bragato]], Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor and arranger (d. [[2017]]) ** [[Tony Rafty]], Australian caricaturist (d. [[2015]]) * [[October 13]] ** [[Terry Frost]], English artist (d. [[2003]]) ** [[Frederick Rosier]], British Royal Air Force commander (d. [[1998]]) * [[October 14]] – [[Loris Francesco Capovilla]], Italian Roman Catholic prelate (d. [[2016]]) * [[October 17]] ** [[Victor Garaygordóbil Berrizbeitia]], Spanish Roman Catholic bishop (d. [[2018]]) ** [[H. Basil S. Cooke]], Canadian geologist, palaeontologist (d. [[2018]]) ** [[John J. McKetta]], American chemical engineer (d. [[2019]]) ** [[Arthur Miller]], American playwright (d. [[2005]]) * [[October 18]] – [[Thomas Round]], English opera singer, actor (d. [[2016]]) * [[October 19]] – [[Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol]], Dutch prelate (d. [[2016]]) * [[October 21]] – [[Aleksandr Ezhevsky]], Soviet engineer, statesman (d. [[2017]]) * [[October 22]] – [[Yitzhak Shamir]], Israeli politician (d. [[2012]]) * [[October 23]] – [[Shin Hyun-joon (general)|Shin Hyun-joon]], South Korean general (d. [[2007]]) * [[October 24]] – [[Bob Kane]], American comic book artist/writer, creator of [[Batman]] (d. [[1998]]) * [[October 27]] – [[Harry Saltzman]], Canadian theatre, film producer (d. [[1994]]) * [[October 28]] – [[Dody Goodman]], American actress, dancer (d. [[2008]]) * [[October 29]] – [[William Berenberg]], American physician (d. [[2005]]) === November === [[File:Eva Macapagal departing for Malacañang.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Eva Macapagal]]]] [[File:Sargent Shriver 1961.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Sargent Shriver]]]] [[File:Augusto Pinochet foto oficial.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Augusto Pinochet]]]] [[File:Armando Villanueva del Campo.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Armando Villanueva]]]] * [[November 1]] ** [[Marion Eugene Carl]], U.S. Marine Corps World War II fighter ace, test pilot (d. [[1998]]) ** [[Frances Hesselbein]], American President, CEO of the Frances Hesselbein Leadership Institute ** [[Eva Macapagal]], 9th First Lady of the Philippines (d. [[1999]]) * [[November 2]] – [[Kay Armen]], American Armenian singer (d. [[2011]]) * [[November 4]] ** [[Wee Kim Wee]], 4th [[President of Singapore]] (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Ismail Abdul Rahman]], Malaysian politician (d. [[1973]]) * [[November 7]] ** [[Philip Morrison]], American physicist, astrophysicist and professor (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Jiao Ruoyu]], Chinese Communist Party politician (d. [[2020]]) * [[November 8]] – [[Richard Luyt]], 1st Governor General of Guyana (d. [[1994]]) * [[November 9]] ** [[André François]], French cartoonist (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Sargent Shriver]], American politician (d. [[2011]]) * [[November 11]] ** [[William Proxmire]], United States Senator (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Anna Schwartz]], American economist (d. [[2012]]) * [[November 12]] – [[Roland Barthes]], French philosopher, literary critic (d. [[1980]]) * [[November 13]] – [[Clara Marangoni]], Italian gymnast (d. [[2018]]) * [[November 16]] – [[Jean Fritz]], American children's writer (d. [[2017]]) * [[November 17]] – [[Albert Malbois]], French prelate (d. [[2017]]) * [[November 18]] – [[James Whittico Jr.]], American physician (d. [[2018]]) * [[November 19]] – [[Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.]], American physiologist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1974]]) * [[November 20]] – [[Bill Daniel]], American politician (d. [[2006]]) * [[November 23]] ** [[John Dehner]], American actor (d. [[1992]]) ** [[Julio César Méndez Montenegro]], President of Guatemala (d. [[1996]]) * [[November 25]] ** [[Augusto Pinochet]], 31st [[President of Chile]] (d. [[2006]]) ** [[Armando Villanueva]], leader of the Peruvian American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (d. [[2013]]) * [[November 26]] – [[Emilio D'Amore]], Italian writer, journalist, and politician (d. [[2017]]) * [[November 28]] – [[Evald Okas]], Estonian painter (d. [[2011]]) * [[November 29]] – [[Eugene Polley]], American engineer (d. [[2012]]) * [[November 30]] ** [[Brownie McGhee]], American musician (d. [[1996]]) ** [[Emmanuel Pelaez]], 6th Vice President of the Philippines (d. [[2003]]) ** [[Henry Taube]], Canadian-born chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2005]]) === December === [[File:Eli Wallach - publicity.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Eli Wallach]]]] [[File:Frank Sinatra '57.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Frank Sinatra]]]] <!--[[File:Curd Juergens by Günter Rittner 1980.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Curd Juergens]]]]--> [[File:Édith Piaf 914-6440.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Édith Piaf]]]] * [[December 2]] ** [[Takahito, Prince Mikasa|Prince Takahito of Mikasa]], younger brother of Japanese Emperor Hirohito (d. [[2016]]) ** [[Marais Viljoen]], former [[President of South Africa]] (d. [[2007]]) * [[December 4]] – [[Virginia deGravelles]], American politician (d. [[2017]]) * [[December 5]] – [[Ren Xinmin]], Chinese aerospace engineer (d. [[2017]]) * [[December 6]] ** [[Nilawan Pintong]], Thai writer (d. [[2017]]) ** [[Alan Sayers]], New Zealand journalist, photographer and athlete (d. [[2017]]) * [[December 7]] – [[Eli Wallach]], American actor (d. [[2014]]) * [[December 8]] – [[Ernest Lehman]], American screenwriter (d. [[2005]]) * [[December 9]] – [[Elisabeth Schwarzkopf]], German-born soprano (d. [[2006]]) * [[December 12]] ** [[Felicity Hill]], British Royal Air Force officer (d. [[2019]]) ** [[Frank Sinatra]], American singer, actor (d. [[1998]]) * [[December 13]] ** [[Curd Juergens]], Austrian-German film actor (d. [[1982]]) ** [[Ross Macdonald]], American-Canadian writer (d. [[1983]]) ** [[B. J. Vorster]], South African politician, Prime Minister and State President (d. [[1983]]) * [[December 14]] – [[Dan Dailey]], American actor, dancer (d. [[1978]]) * [[December 15]] **[[Kenshiro Abbe]], Japanese master of judo, aikido, and kendo (d. [[1985]]) **[[Charles F. Wheeler]], American cinematographer (d. [[2004]]) * [[December 17]] – [[Robert A. Dahl]], American political scientist (d. [[2014]]) * [[December 18]] – [[Bill Zuckert]], American actor (d. [[1997]]) * [[December 19]] ** [[Ke Hua]], Chinese diplomat (d. [[2019]]) ** [[Édith Piaf]], French singer (d. [[1963]]) * [[December 21]] – [[Werner von Trapp]], member of the Austrian Trapp Family Singers (d. [[2007]]) * [[December 22]] – [[Barbara Billingsley]], American actress (d. [[2010]]) * [[December 27]] ** [[Mary Kornman]], American child actress (d. [[1973]]) ** [[Gyula Zsengellér]], Hungarian footballer (d. [[1999]]) * [[December 31]] – [[Davuldena Gnanissara Thero]], Sri Lankan Buddhist monk (d. [[2017]]) == Deaths == === January === [[File:Wyndham Halswelle.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Wyndham Halswelle]]]] * [[January 9]] – [[Yang Shoujing]], Chinese historical geographer and calligrapher (b. [[1839]]) * [[January 13]] – [[Mary Slessor]], Scottish Christian missionary (b. [[1848]]) * [[January 14]] – [[Richard Meux Benson]], English founder of an Anglican religious order (b. [[1824]]) * [[January 19]] – [[Anna Leonowens]] (Anna of ''[[The King and I]]'') (b. [[1831]]) * [[January 23]] – [[Anne Whitney]], American sculptor, poet (b. [[1821]]) === February=== * [[February 3]] – Bosnian Serb conspirators (executed for their part in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria): ** [[Veljko Čubrilović]] (b. [[1886]]) ** [[Danilo Ilić]] (b. [[1891]]) ** [[Miško Jovanović]] (b. [[1878]]) * [[February 5]] – [[Ross Barnes]], American baseball player (b. [[1850]]) * [[February 18]] ** [[Francisco Giner de los Ríos]], Spanish philosopher, educator (b. [[1839]]) ** [[Frank James]], American outlaw (b. [[1843]]) * [[February 22]] – [[John Gough (VC)|Sir John Gough]], British general, Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b. [[1871]]) * [[February 26]] –[[Edward Richardson]], New Zealand engineer and politician (b. [[1831]]) === March=== * [[March 4]] – [[William Willett]], English promoter of [[daylight saving time]] (b. [[1856]]) * [[March 13]] – [[Sergei Witte]], Russian aristocrat, statesman and former Prime Minister (b. [[1849]]) * [[March 14]] – [[Lincoln J. Beachey]], American pilot (b. [[1887]]) [[File:Friedrich Loeffler 3.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Friedrich Loeffler]]]] * [[March 15]] – [[George Llewelyn Davies]], English soldier, inspiration for the "Lost Boys" of ''[[Peter Pan]]'' (killed in action) (b. [[1893]]) * [[March 21]] – [[Frederick Winslow Taylor]], American engineer, economist (b. [[1856]]) * [[March 24]] – [[Morgan Robertson]], American author (b. [[1861]]) * [[March 31]] ** [[Wyndham Halswelle]], Scottish runner (killed in action) (b. [[1882]]) ** [[Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild]], British banker and politician (b. [[1840]]) === April=== * [[April 9]] – [[Friedrich Loeffler]], German bacteriologist (b. [[1852]]) * [[April 16]] – [[Nelson W. Aldrich]], U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (b. [[1841]]) * [[April 20]] – [[Daniel Webster Jones (Mormon)|Daniel Webster Jones]], American Latter-day Saint pioneer (b. [[1830]]) * [[April 23]] ** [[Rupert Brooke]], English poet (sepsis from an infected mosquito bite on active service) (b. [[1887]]) ** [[Frederick Fisher (VC)|Frederick Fisher]], Canadian recipient of [[Victoria Cross]] (killed in action) (b. [[1894]]) * [[April 25]] – [[Frederick W. Seward]], American politician (b. [[1830]]) * [[April 26]] – [[John Bunny]], American actor (b. [[1863]]) * [[April 27]] ** [[William Barnard Rhodes-Moorhouse]], English airman, first aviator awarded Victoria Cross (b. [[1887]]) ** [[Alexander Scriabin]], Russian composer (b. [[1872]]) === May=== * [[May 7]] – [[Sinking of the RMS Lusitania|Sinking of the RMS ''Lusitania'']]: ** [[Justus Miles Forman]], American writer (b. [[1875]]) ** [[Charles Frohman]], American theater producer (b. [[1856]]) ** [[Elbert Hubbard]], American writer, philosopher (b. [[1856]]) ** [[Alice Moore Hubbard]], American wife of Elbert Hubbard (b. [[1861]]) ** [[Charles Klein]], American playwright (b. [[1867]]) ** [[Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt]], American sportsman (b. [[1877]]) * [[May 9]] ** [[François Faber]], Luxembourgian cyclist (killed in action) (b. [[1887]]) ** [[Tony Wilding]], New Zealand tennis player (killed in action) (b. [[1883]]) * [[May 18]] – [[William Bridges (general)|Sir William Bridges]], Australian army general (b. [[1861]]) * [[May 24]] – [[John Condon (British Army soldier)|John Condon]], Irish private soldier in British Army, claimed as youngest British soldier to die in WWI (killed in action) (b. [[1896]]) * [[May 26]] – [[Julian Grenfell]], English poet (killed in action) (b. [[1888]]) * [[May 30]] – [[Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero]], 3-time [[Prime Minister of Spain]] (b. [[1832]]) * [[May 31]] – [[Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey]], 18th [[Governor of New South Wales]] (b. [[1845]]) === June=== * [[June 5]] – [[Henri Gaudier-Brzeska]], French artist, sculptor (killed in action) (b. [[1891]]) * [[June 7]] – [[Charles Reed Bishop]], American businessman, [[philanthropist]] in Hawaii (b. [[1822]]) * [[June 19]] – [[Benjamin F. Isherwood]], American admiral, United States Navy Engineer-in-Chief (b. [[1822]]) * [[June 25]] – [[Tok Janggut]], Malayan rebel leader (killed in action) (b. [[1853]]) === July === [[File:Porfirio diaz.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Porfirio Diaz]]]] [[File:Paul Ehrlich 1915.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Paul Ehrlich]]]] [[File:Alois Alzheimer 003.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Alois Alzheimer]]]] [[File:TupperUniform.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Charles Tupper]]]] * [[July 2]] – [[Porfirio Díaz]], 29th [[President of Mexico]] (b. [[1830]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-porfirio-diaz-2136494|title=Biography of Porfirio Diaz, Ruler of Mexico for 35 Years|publisher=ThoughtCo.|accessdate=May 29, 2019}}</ref> * [[July 16]] – [[Ellen G. White]], American prophetess, co-founder of the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]], most translated American author (b. [[1827]]) * [[July 18]] – [[Ozra Amander Hadley]], American politician (b. [[1826]]) * [[July 21]] – [[Jean Prévost (politician)|Jean Prévost]], Canadian politician (b. [[1870]]) * [[July 22]] – [[Sandford Fleming|Sir Sandford Fleming]], Canadian engineer and inventor (b. [[1827]]) * [[July 25]] – [[Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau]], French socialite, model for the painting ''[[Portrait of Madame X]]'' (b. [[1859]]) === August=== * [[August 10]] – [[Henry Moseley]], English physicist (killed in action) (b. [[1887]]) * [[August 16]] – [[Kálmán Széll]], 13th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. [[1843]]) * [[August 17]] – [[Leo Frank]], Jewish-American factory superintendent who was falsely convicted of the murder of Mary Phagan (b. [[1884]]) * [[August 20]] ** [[Paul Ehrlich]], German scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1854]]) ** [[Carlos Finlay]], Cuban pathologist (b. [[1833]]) * [[August 21]] – [[Josiah T. Settle]], American lawyer and politician (b. [[1850]]) * [[August 30]] – [[Antonio Flores Jijón]], 13th [[President of Ecuador]] (b. [[1833]]) * [[August 31]] – [[Adolphe Pégoud]], French acrobatic pilot, World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. [[1889]]) === September=== * [[September 1]] – [[August Stramm]], German poet, playwright (killed in action) (b. [[1874]]) * [[September 9]] ** [[Antonín Petrof]], Czech piano maker (b. [[1839]]) ** [[Albert Spalding]], American baseball player, sporting goods manufacturer (b. [[1850]]) * [[September 11]] – [[William Sprague IV]], American politician from Rhode Island (b. [[1830]]) * [[September 13]] – [[Andrew L. Harris]], American Civil War hero, Governor of Ohio (b. [[1835]]) * [[September 21]] – [[Anthony Comstock]], American anti-indecency reformer (b. [[1844]]) * [[September 26]] – [[Keir Hardie]], British labour leader (b. [[1856]]) * [[September 27]] – [[Fergus Bowes-Lyon]], brother of [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] (killed in action) (b. [[1889]]) === October=== * [[October 4]] – [[Karl Staaff]], 11th [[Prime Minister of Sweden]] (b. [[1860]]) * [[October 12]] – [[Edith Cavell]], British nurse, war heroine (shot) (b. [[1865]]) * [[October 13]] – [[Charles Sorley]], British poet (killed in action) (b. [[1895]]) * [[October 15]] – [[Theodor Boveri]], German biologist (b. [[1862]]) * [[October 16]] – [[Zdeňka Wiedermannová-Motyčková]], Moravian pioneer of female education (heart attack) (b. [[1868]]) * [[October 22]] – [[Wilhelm Windelband]], German philosopher (b. [[1848]]) * [[October 23]] – [[W. G. Grace]], English cricketer (b. [[1848]]) * [[October 26]] – [[August Bungert]], German composer, poet (b. [[1845]]) * [[October 30]] – [[Charles Tupper|Sir Charles Tupper]], 6th [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (b. [[1821]]) === November=== * [[November 14]] ** [[Theodor Leschetizky]], Polish pianist and composer (b. [[1830]]) ** [[Booker T. Washington]], American educator (b. [[1856]]) * [[November 15]] – [[Félix de Blochausen]], 6th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. [[1834]]) * [[November 21]] – [[Dixie Haygood]], American magician (b. [[1861]]) * [[November 28]] – [[Mubarak Al-Sabah]], [[Emir of Kuwait]] (b. [[1837]]) === December=== * [[December 18]] – [[Henry Roscoe (chemist)|Sir Henry Roscoe]], English chemist (b. [[1833]]) * [[December 19]] – [[Alois Alzheimer]], German psychiatrist, neuropathologist (b. [[1864]]) * [[December 22]] – [[Rose Talbot Bullard]], American medical doctor, professor (b. [[1864]]) * [[December 31]] – [[Tommaso Salvini]], Italian actor (b. [[1829]]) == Nobel Prizes == [[File:Nobel medal.png|right|100px]] * [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Richard Willstätter]] * [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] – [[Romain Rolland]] * [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – not awarded * [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] – not awarded * [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[William Henry Bragg]] and [[William Lawrence Bragg]] ==Notes== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Further reading== * Williams, John. ''The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914–1918'' (1972) pp 43–108. ===Primary sources and year books=== * [https://archive.org/details/NewInternationalYearBookFor1915 ''New International Year Book 1915''], Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 791pp * ''Hazell's Annual for 1916'' (1916), worldwide events of 1915; 640pp [https://archive.org/details/hazellsannualcy1916pric_2 online]; worldwide coverage of 1915 events; emphasis on Great Britain == External links == * [http://www.coinpage.com/1915-pictures.html 1915 Coin Pictures] * Pictures of the 1915 Galveston Hurricane at the [http://digital.lib.uh.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=exact&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/p15195coll5&CISOBOX1=hurricanes University of Houston Digital Library] {{DEFAULTSORT:1915}} [[Category:1915| ]]'