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[[File:Vivian Silver 3.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Vivian Silver]], a Canadian-Israeli peace activist and women's rights activist, was one of the people killed in Be'eri]]
[[File:Vivian Silver 3.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Vivian Silver]], a Canadian-Israeli peace activist and women's rights activist, was one of the people killed in Be'eri]]
According to a reconstruction of events by [[Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory|Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel]], published in June 2024, at 12:56, about 40 Gazan militants broke into the home of Pessi Cohen, killing a civilian and wounding another. <ref name="IICI" > [[Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory | Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel]], https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session56/a-hrc-56-crp-3.pdf Detailed findings on attacks carried out on and after 7 October 2023 in Israel]] A/HRC/56/CRP.3 United Nations]] 10 June 2024 pp.44-46</ref>The house was used to concentrate some 15 abducted Israelis.
According to a reconstruction of events by [[Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory|Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel]], published in June 2024, at 12:56, about 40 Gazan militants broke into the home of Pessi Cohen, killing a civilian and wounding another. <ref name="IICI" > [[Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory | Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel]], https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session56/a-hrc-56-crp-3.pdf Detailed findings on attacks carried out on and after 7 October 2023 in Israel]] A/HRC/56/CRP.3 United Nations]] 10 June 2024 pp.44-46</ref>The house was used to concentrate some 15 abducted Israelis.
At around 15:00, the [[Al-Qassam Brigades|al-Qassam]] commander, Hasan Hamduna, asked a survivor of the [[Re'im music festival massacre |Nova massacre]] to contact and negotiate with Yamam for a safe conduit of the militants and their hostages to Gaza. 7 hostages were placed outside the house. <ref name="IICI" />At 4 pm, [[Barak Hiram|Brigadier General Barak Hiram]] head of the [[99th Infantry Division (Israel) |99th Infantry Division]], a religious Jew from the West Bank settlement of [[Tekoa (Israeli settlement)|Tekoa]], <ref name="JNS" > [https://www.jns.org/investigation-clears-idf-general-of-wrongdoing-in-failed-oct-7-hostage-rescue/ Investigation clears IDF general of wrongdoing in failed Oct. 7 hostage rescue], [[Jewish News Syndicate]] 3 April 2024</ref>arrived with a large security force and joined the [[Yamam]] forces present at the site. The ensuing firefight lasted half an hour, and at 4.30 pm Hamduna, still in contact with Yamam by telephone, declared his desire to surrender. He eventually stripped and stepped outside using a female hostage, Yasmin Porat, as a [[human shield]]. <ref name="IICI" />Both reached the Israeli forces at 5.30 pm, and, at that time, the remaining militants fired an [[Rocket-propelled grenade|RPG rocket]] at the Israeli forces. Hamduna agreed to hail the 40 militants on a loudspeaker and call on them to lay down their arms, but shooting continued for another hour. <ref name="IICI" />At around 7pm, [[Barak Hiram|Brigadier General Barak Hiram]] gave an order for a tank to shell the house, ‘even at the cost of civilian casualties’. An overhead helicopter video shows two shells being fired.<ref name="IICI" /><ref>Hilo Glazer, [https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-05-31/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/who-is-the-idf-general-who-ordered-tank-fire-on-a-kibbutz-home-with-13-hostages-inside/0000018f-ca16-da41-a9cf-db3eaa080000 'Who Is Barak Hiram, the IDF General Who Ordered Tank Fire on a Kibbutz Home With 13 Hostages Inside?, '] [[Haaretz]] 31 May 2024 </ref>
At around 15:00, the [[Al-Qassam Brigades|al-Qassam]] commander, Hasan Hamduna, asked a survivor of the [[Re'im music festival massacre |Nova massacre]] to contact and negotiate with Yamam for a safe conduit of the militants and their hostages to Gaza. 7 hostages were placed outside the house. <ref name="IICI" />At 4 pm, [[Barak Hiram|Brigadier General Barak Hiram]] head of the [[99th Infantry Division (Israel) |99th Infantry Division]], a religious Jew from [[Tekoa (Israeli settlement)|Tekoa]], <ref name="JNS" > [https://www.jns.org/investigation-clears-idf-general-of-wrongdoing-in-failed-oct-7-hostage-rescue/ Investigation clears IDF general of wrongdoing in failed Oct. 7 hostage rescue], [[Jewish News Syndicate]] 3 April 2024</ref>arrived with a large security force and joined the [[Yamam]] forces present at the site. The ensuing firefight lasted half an hour, and at 4.30 pm Hamduna, still in contact with Yamam by telephone, declared his desire to surrender. He eventually stripped and stepped outside using a female hostage, Yasmin Porat, as a [[human shield]]. <ref name="IICI" />Both reached the Israeli forces at 5.30 pm, and, at that time, the remaining militants fired an [[Rocket-propelled grenade|RPG rocket]] at the Israeli forces. Hamduna agreed to hail the 40 militants on a loudspeaker and call on them to lay down their arms, but shooting continued for another hour. <ref name="IICI" />At around 7pm, [[Barak Hiram|Brigadier General Barak Hiram]] gave an order for a tank to shell the house, ‘even at the cost of civilian casualties’. An overhead helicopter video shows two shells being fired.<ref name="IICI" /><ref>Hilo Glazer, [https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-05-31/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/who-is-the-idf-general-who-ordered-tank-fire-on-a-kibbutz-home-with-13-hostages-inside/0000018f-ca16-da41-a9cf-db3eaa080000 'Who Is Barak Hiram, the IDF General Who Ordered Tank Fire on a Kibbutz Home With 13 Hostages Inside?, '] [[Haaretz]] 31 May 2024 </ref>


13 hostages were killed, among them two 12-year-old twins, Liel and Yanai Hezroni, and their aunt, Ayala Hezroni. One of the twins' bodies was so badly burned by Hamas that it was only identified more than a month after the attack.<ref>{{cite news |title=Forensic team identifies body of 12-year-old Liel Hatzroni from Kibbutz Be'eri |url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel-at-war/1700400505-forensic-team-identifies-body-of-12-year-old-liel-hatzroni-from-kibbutz-be-eri |access-date=14 December 2023 |publisher=i24news |date=19 November 2023 |archive-date=14 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214000340/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel-at-war/1700400505-forensic-team-identifies-body-of-12-year-old-liel-hatzroni-from-kibbutz-be-eri |url-status=live }}</ref>
13 hostages were killed, among them two 12-year-old twins, Liel and Yanai Hezroni, and their aunt, Ayala Hezroni. One of the twins' bodies was so badly burned by Hamas that it was only identified more than a month after the attack.<ref>{{cite news |title=Forensic team identifies body of 12-year-old Liel Hatzroni from Kibbutz Be'eri |url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel-at-war/1700400505-forensic-team-identifies-body-of-12-year-old-liel-hatzroni-from-kibbutz-be-eri |access-date=14 December 2023 |publisher=i24news |date=19 November 2023 |archive-date=14 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214000340/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel-at-war/1700400505-forensic-team-identifies-body-of-12-year-old-liel-hatzroni-from-kibbutz-be-eri |url-status=live }}</ref>

Revision as of 20:11, 9 July 2024

Be'eri massacre
Part of the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel
One of the houses in Be'eri in the massacre's aftermath
Be'eri is located in the Gaza Strip
Be'eri
Be'eri
class=notpageimage|
Site of the attack in Israel
Native nameהטבח בבארי
LocationBe'eri, Southern District, Israel
Coordinates31°25′26″N 34°29′23″E / 31.42389°N 34.48972°E / 31.42389; 34.48972
Date7 October 2023; 13 months ago (2023-10-07)
Attack type
Mass shooting, mass murder, Arson, war crime
Deaths
VictimsHundreds missing[7]
Perpetrator

On 7 October 2023, in the opening attacks of the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, Hamas militants[9][10][11] carried out a massacre at Be'eri, an Israeli kibbutz near the Gaza Strip.

Around 70 Hamas militants of the al-Qassam Brigades, Nuseirat Battalion, along with DFLP militants had attacked the kibbutz and at least 130 people were killed in the attack,[1] including women (such as peace activist Vivian Silver),[12] children,[3] and one infant,[13][14][15][16] claiming the lives of 10% of the farming community's residents. Dozens of homes were also burned down.[17] This incident occurred concurrently with a series of other massacres and military engagements in multiple neighbouring Israeli communities, including Netiv haAsara, Kfar Aza, and the Rei'm music festival massacre.[18] Several newspapers described the massacre as an act of terrorism.[19][9][20][21][22]

A few early claims regarding the attack, including that twenty children had been burned to death with their hands bound, that a pregnant woman had had her belly sliced open and her fetus killed, and that two teenagers were raped, were later found to be untrue.[23]

Hostages were taken, leading to a stand-off with the Israel Defense Forces.[24][25] Relatives of some of those killed have demanded a probe into potential deaths of some of these hostages from friendly fire, including one incident in which an Israeli tank fired at a house full of hostages.[26][27][28]

Background

Kibbutz Be'eri is a veteran-established kibbutz located in the Gaza periphery since 1946. Its members are generally on the secular left, and it includes many peace activists.[29]

The kibbutz had around 1,200 residents before the attack and was the largest village of the Eshkol Regional Council.[11][30]

Attack

The courtyard of a destroyed home after the attack

The Hamas force targeting Be'eri consisted of militants belonging to the al-Qassam Brigades' Nuseirat Battalion led by Abed al Rahman.[8] On the morning of 7 October 2023, at 6:30 am, Hamas militants began firing rockets at the kibbutz. Another Palestinian militant group, the Maoist[31] DFLP, later declared that its troops (organized as National Resistance Brigades) were also fighting the IDF in Be'eri.[32] Around 70 militants entered the kibbutz on motorcycles and in vehicles.[33] The kibbutz's 10-member security team fought the attackers but was overwhelmed and at least five were killed.[34]

Using collected WhatsApp messages from a mother's group in the kibbutz and CCTV footage, a rough timeline was established. Hamas arrived at the gate of the kibbutz before 6:00 am, with the militants first executing the civilians in a vehicle.[35] By 7:10 am, the first messages on the WhatsApp group contained images of three motorbikes, each carrying two heavily armed Hamas militants leaving through the main gate. At 9:05 am, Hamas was seen dragging a corpse from the car that was destroyed at the kibbutz gate.[citation needed]

Tutorials on locking doors were shared on the WhatsApp group, but concerns were expressed over the shelters' inability to stop attackers.[35] Hamas attackers went around the neighborhoods, shooting and throwing grenades, massacring the occupants of each house and setting some on fire with Molotov cocktails. WhatsApp was used to advise occupants and share safehouses, but it also turned increasingly desperate as mentions of deaths of family members and a dead baby surfaced.[35] One 10-month-old baby is confirmed to have been killed during the attack, shot through the door of a safe room[36] while held in the arms of her mother.[23][37]

After capturing the village, the attackers started going from house to house, shooting or capturing the residents.[38] They also shot at buildings and set some on fire. The militants were accompanied by a camera team and journalist who documented the attack and extolled it as a Palestinian victory.[11] Many residents tried to hide in safe rooms, but the militants blew up the safe room doors and killed those inside.[39]

Israeli president Isaac Herzog in Be'eri, on 15 October 2023.

The militants took up to 50 people hostage in a dining room in Be'eri,[40] and kidnapped others, taking them the Gaza Strip.[11] Behind the main dining hall, dozens of Hamas members held 15 Israelis as hostages.[citation needed] Videos emerged showing the hostages being led barefoot across a street in town.[40] The hostages in the dining hall were freed when security forces stormed the dining hall, killing the militants there.[41]

One of the many houses which was burned and destroyed during the attack

Two hours after the massacre began, twenty Israeli Air Force airmen from the elite Shaldag Unit arrived by helicopter at Kibbutz Be'eri. Five were killed and one was wounded by the militants within a very short time, many of them near "the iconic yellow gate of the kibbutz." The surviving airmen were forced to retreat and find other civilian areas with less resistance due to their now very small group.[6] An Israeli CH-53D helicopter was destroyed on the ground by Hamas militants hours after the attack.[42]

At some point, at least two tanks arrived and were ordered to shell houses where militants were thought to be hiding.[43] After around 12 hours, more IDF forces arrived and killed most of the militants. The IDF reported that they had killed dozens of militants and freed all the hostages in Be'eri within 18 hours of the initial attack, but 48 hours later were still sweeping the kibbutz for Hamas holdouts.[40][11][44][45]

An operational team, later dubbed the Elchanan team led by Staff Sergeant (res.) Elchanan Meir Kalmanson, of Mossad, arrived independently from Otniel to Be'eri along with his brother Menachem, and their nephew Itiel joined them. They evacuated in an armored jeep over 100 residents of the kibbutz for 15 hours.[46]

Casualties, hostages and unverified reports in the fog of war

Vivian Silver, a Canadian-Israeli peace activist and women's rights activist, was one of the people killed in Be'eri

According to a reconstruction of events by Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel, published in June 2024, at 12:56, about 40 Gazan militants broke into the home of Pessi Cohen, killing a civilian and wounding another. [47]The house was used to concentrate some 15 abducted Israelis. At around 15:00, the al-Qassam commander, Hasan Hamduna, asked a survivor of the Nova massacre to contact and negotiate with Yamam for a safe conduit of the militants and their hostages to Gaza. 7 hostages were placed outside the house. [47]At 4 pm, Brigadier General Barak Hiram head of the 99th Infantry Division, a religious Jew from Tekoa, [48]arrived with a large security force and joined the Yamam forces present at the site. The ensuing firefight lasted half an hour, and at 4.30 pm Hamduna, still in contact with Yamam by telephone, declared his desire to surrender. He eventually stripped and stepped outside using a female hostage, Yasmin Porat, as a human shield. [47]Both reached the Israeli forces at 5.30 pm, and, at that time, the remaining militants fired an RPG rocket at the Israeli forces. Hamduna agreed to hail the 40 militants on a loudspeaker and call on them to lay down their arms, but shooting continued for another hour. [47]At around 7pm, Brigadier General Barak Hiram gave an order for a tank to shell the house, ‘even at the cost of civilian casualties’. An overhead helicopter video shows two shells being fired.[47][49]

13 hostages were killed, among them two 12-year-old twins, Liel and Yanai Hezroni, and their aunt, Ayala Hezroni. One of the twins' bodies was so badly burned by Hamas that it was only identified more than a month after the attack.[50] Some of the hostages were slain by crossfire while in the garden. [47] According to the investigations by IDF Armoured Corps and the Antiquities Authority most of the hostages were killed by shots from AK-47 rifles and not by the tank shelling.[51] Hiram was absolved of any wrong-doing.[48]

Towards the end of the evacuation, Elchanan was killed by fire from militants.[52][53] In this battle, Lt. Col. Eli Ginsberg, who was the commander of the Lotar unit, was also killed. In parallel, while treating a seriously wounded casualty, a Shayetet 13 naval fighter, Staff Sergeant Ofek Rosso, was killed.[54]

The kibbutz suffered heavy losses of life and property.[55] A resident later told The Times of Israel that the kibbutz was "completely destroyed".[56] Some hostages were held captive for two days, until Israeli Defense Forces moved in on 9 October. A resident who was away at the time when the attack began said Israeli forces only gained control on Monday night, after commanders in the field made difficult decisions – including shelling houses with their occupants inside, without knowing whether the hostages inside them were dead or alive.[57]a

Erroneous claims

Yossi Landau, regional head of the relief organisation ZAKA, stated to Sky News that around 80% of the bodies at Be'eri and Kfar Aza showed signs of torture, and that he found "two piles of ten children each were tied to the back, burnt to death" at Be'eri.[58] Haaretz later found the claim regarding the tied children was erroneous, because the list of the dead at Be'eri only includes 9 children, and there are no cases known from Be'eri or any of the surrounding communities of children from several families having been murdered together.[23][59] In January 2024, Kibbutz Be'eri also pushed back against a senior IDF commander's claim that eight babies were killed in the kibbutz's communal nursery and that an Auschwitz survivor called Genia was among those murdered during the attack.[59] A kibbutz spokesperson said: "Nearly one hundred people were murdered on Kibbutz Be'eri, and the community suffered hundreds of heartbreaking incidents on that Black Saturday and over the past months, especially regarding the hostages. However, incidents such as eight murdered babies and a murdered Holocaust survivor named Genia – did not happen."[59]

Survivors and first responders reported that some of the women from Be'eri suffered sexual violence during the attack.[60][61] One highly publicized testimony, asserting that a pregnant woman had had her womb cut open and her fetus stabbed, was later shown to have been untrue; the kibbutz released a statement saying that "the story of the pregnant woman reported by Zaka is not relevant to Be'eri."[23] Another case concerned teenage sisters murdered by Hamas and allegedly raped before being killed; a video taken by an Israeli soldier subsequently came to light contradicting an Israeli military paramedic's public testimony of what he found at the scene.[61]

A UN report published in March 2024 said the UN team was unable to confirm whether sexual violence took place in Be’eri.[61] It stated that at least two Be’eri cases reported in the press were determined to be "unfounded", including one where a crime scene had been altered and bodies moved, but added that the team also "received credible information" about bodies found naked, bound or gagged in Be’eri and that "circumstantial evidence – notably the pattern of female victims found undressed and bound – may be indicative of some forms of sexual violence."[61][62]

Aftermath

On 24 October 2023, the IDF reportedly killed Abed al Rahman, deputy commander of the Nuseirat Battalion, who had led the Be'eri massacre.[8] On 6 January 2024, the IDF and Shin Bet announced that the commander of the Nuseirat battalion Ismail Siraj and his new deputy Ahmed Wahaba, who had replaced Rahman, were killed in an airstrike.[63]

At a meeting between members of the kibbutz and the Kalmanson family after the Baari massacre, a letter from a kibbutz member was quoted about the Elchanan team's actions: "... Elchanan rescued us from the window of the shelter, while the house was burning ... after long hours of distress, he arrived like an angel and immediately instilled confidence in us. His face will remain etched in my heart forever ..."[64]

In January 2024 it was announced that based on estimates from the Tkuma Administration which is leading the rehabilitation and development of the affected kibbutzim and Gaza periphery, the cost of rebuilding the kibbutz would be around $80 million. An internal survey of kibbutz survivors and evacuees in early 2024 showed that a very small percentage - less than 1% - have indicated that they never want to return to the kibbutz. About 20% said that they would return the minute they were given the green light from officials, while the majority of respondents indicated that their decision would depend on various factors, mostly clustered around security in the kibbutz and relations between Israel and the Gaza Strip.[65]

Accusations of friendly fire during attack

See also: Friendly fire during the Israel–Hamas war

Of the 14 hostages held at the Pessi Cohen house, only two survived: Yasmin Porat and Hadas Dagan. Porat said in interviews that an Israeli tank fired on a house in which several dozen militants were holding 14 hostages, including the 12-year-old twins.[66][26] Porat had been able to leave the house with one of the militants who, wishing to surrender, had spoken on the phone to Israeli police, according to Porat, and been told to undress and leave the house with her.[67] He did so, using Porat as a human shield, and was arrested; Porat then informed Israeli police of the number of hostages and hostage-takers left in the house.[26][66][67] The militants unsuccessfully demanded safe passage from the Israeli army and police in order to return to the Gaza Strip with the hostages.[26] They placed roughly half the hostages, including Dagan and her husband, in the backyard, between the house and the Israeli troops.[66] Dagan and her husband lay down beside the wall of the house.[66] In an ensuing gun battle, at least two hostages and one of the hostage-takers died, according to Dagan.[66]

As dusk fell on October 7, an argument broke out between the SWAT commander and division commander General Barak Hiram, according to The New York Times; the SWAT commander believed more hostage-takers might surrender, but Hiram wanted the situation resolved by nightfall.[66] After Hamas militants in the house fired a rocket-propelled grenade, Hiram ordered a tank commander to breach the house, "even at the cost of civilian casualties", and the tank fired two shells.[66][68] Of the 14 hostages left after Porat's departure, only Dagan survived the crossfire and shelling.[27][66][26] Dagan said her husband was killed when shrapnel from the second tank shell entered his neck, severing an artery.[66] Altogether, an IDF investigation later claimed, 12 of the 13 hostages were killed by Hamas before the all the militants were killed.[51]

The Times report led to a public debate in Israel on the appropriateness of General Hiram's conduct.[68] In January 2024, relatives of the victims delivered a letter to the military in which they said that "according to the evidence, the shooting of the tank was fatal and killed many hostages in addition to the terrorists" and demanded a "comprehensive and transparent probe into the decisions and actions that led to this tragic outcome".[26][27][28] The families also prevented the demolition of the house in question, to enable an investigation to take place.[28] Haaretz asked the IDF in an editorial to disclose whether or not the decision to fire on the house was an application of Israel's controversial Hannibal Directive.[69]

A broken metal door that was included in the photograph exhibition

An Australian man who had been living at Kibbutz Be'eri on 7 October 2023 told SBS World News he was prepared to kill his children had Hamas managed to come for him and his family.[70]

Depiction in media

In November 2023, an exhibition about the massacre and the resulting damage was opened at the Haifa City Museum which includes photographs taken in the kibbutz after the attack and as well as collected items to show the scale of destruction.[71] Also in November 2023, art and video works retrieved from the gallery in the kibbutz were removed and displayed at the National Museum of 21st Century Arts in Rome as part of an exhibit entitled "Ninety-five percent heaven, five percent hell" as part of the cultural attaché of the Israeli Embassy in Italy.[72]

Landscapes of the kibbutz were created by resident Haran Keslo, and recovered from the kibbutz after the attack. They were displayed at the Haim Atar Ein Harod Art Center and had been created over between about 2020 and 2023.[73]

See also

Notes

^ Note a: Note changes in later archive versions of the article: 28 Oct., 31 Oct.

References

  1. ^ a b Shaulov, Roni; Zitun, Yoav (18 October 2023). "Charred remains of mother, son recovered 11 days after Hamas massacre". Ynet. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  2. ^ https://people.com/israeli-family-of-10-kidnapped-by-hamas-exclusive-8358203 Archived 17 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Video shows apparent death of Israeli hostages in Hamas custody". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  4. ^ "זעזוע בדרום: מעל 100 גופות נמצאו בקיבוץ בארי". Srugim (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  5. ^ זיתון, יואב (9 October 2023). ""נלחמנו עם חצי כוח עד שנגמרו הכדורים": הקרבות ההירואיים של יחידת שלדג". Ynet. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023 – via www.ynet.co.il.
  6. ^ a b Lidor, Canaan (10 October 2023). "Testimonies from Be'eri massacre expose deep trauma predating Israel's creation". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  7. ^ Mandell, Andrea (16 October 2023). "Nightmare Phone Call Reveals Israeli Family of 10 Kidnapped by Hamas: 'Survival, That's Where We Are' (Exclusive)". People. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b c "Israel kills three Hamas commanders, one who took part in massacre". The Jerusalem Post. 24 October 2023. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  9. ^ a b Kierszenbaum, Quique (11 October 2023). "'It was a pogrom': Be'eri survivors on the horrific attack by Hamas terrorists". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  10. ^ Macias, Amanda; Meredith, Sam; Iordache, Ruxandra. "Israel-Hamas war live updates: 22 U.S. citizens confirmed dead; Israel to form emergency government". CNBC. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  11. ^ a b c d e Lidor, Canaan (8 October 2023). "Kibbutz Be'eri bloodbath reminds Israelis of fears and fortitude from 1948". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  12. ^ "Canadian Israeli peace activist Vivian Silver, feared to be held hostage, confirmed killed in Hamas attacks". CBC News. 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  13. ^ "Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths". 15 December 2023.
  14. ^ "עדויות תושבי העוטף ממתקפת הפתע על ישראל: "טובחים כאן בתינוקות"". Israel Hayom (in Hebrew). 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  15. ^ "המספרים נחשפים: נרצחו 13 ילדים, 31 נערים ו-25 מעל גיל 80 מתחילת המלחמה - וואלה! חדשות". וואלה! (in Hebrew). 15 November 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  16. ^ "ynet - מלחמת 7 באוקטובר: פרטי החללים והנרצחים". ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  17. ^ Tzuri, Matan; Green Shaulov, Roni; Kutub, Adam (9 October 2023). "'After a minute, my friend was murdered in front of me'". Ynet. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  18. ^ "Hamas Leaves Trail of Terror in Israel". The New York Times. 10 October 2023. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  19. ^ Hutchinson, Bill (13 October 2023). "Israel's 'Ground Zero:' The Be'eri Kibbutz was among the bloodiest scenes of the Hamas attack". ABC News. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  20. ^ ToI Staff (2 November 2023). "Hundreds of soldiers waited outside Be'eri with terrorists still inside, survivor says". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
  21. ^ "Verbatim report of proceedings - The despicable terrorist attacks by Hamas against Israel, Israel's right to defend itself in line with humanitarian and international law and the humanitarian situation in Gaza (debate) - Wednesday, 18 October 2023". www.europarl.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
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  23. ^ a b c d "Hamas Committed Documented Atrocities. But a Few False Stories Feed the Deniers". Haaretz. 4 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
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