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Hector (immigration ship)

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Coordinates: 45°40′29″N 62°42′37″W / 45.67465°N 62.71022°W / 45.67465; -62.71022
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This article is about the 18th-century ship that carried Scottish settlers to Nova Scotia. For other ships, see Hector (disambiguation) § Ships.

Hector
Map
LocationPictou, Nova Scotia, Canada.
TypeMuseum ship
Websiteshiphector.ca
Part of a series on the
History of Nova Scotia
Bluenose
Events
Port Royal established 1605
Conquest of Acadia 1710
Halifax established 1749
Bay of Fundy Campaign 1755
Fall of Louisbourg 1758
Representative Government established 1758
Halifax Treaties 1760–61
First significant Scottish immigration 1773
Battle of Fort Cumberland 1776
Birchtown established 1783
Capture of USS Chesapeake 1813
Freedom of the Press 1835
First Acadian MLA elected 1837
Responsible Government established 1848
‪Chesapeake Affair 1861
Co-op Movement begins 1861
‪Anti-Confederation Party elected 1867
Saxby Gale 1869
Launch of William D. Lawrence 1873
First airplane in the British Commonwealth 1909
Halifax Explosion 1917
Nova Scotia [Women's] Franchise Act 1918
Launch of Bluenose 1922
Coal Miners' Memorial Day 1925
Pugwash Conferences established 1957
Springhill mining disaster 1958
NS Human Rights Commission established 1967
Acadian Federation of Nova Scotia established1968
Westray Mine explosion 1992
First Black MLA elected 1993
Mi'kmaq-Nova Scotia-Canada Tripartite Forum 1997
Viola Desmond Apology 2010
Other

Hector was a ship that was part of the first significant migration of Scottish settlers to Nova Scotia in 1773. A replica of the original ship is located at the Hector Heritage Quay, a heritage centre run by local volunteers, in Pictou, Nova Scotia.[a]

History

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Replica ship Hector under construction at Heritage Quay, Pictou, NS on July 5, 1996
Hector at Heritage Quay, 2012
Hector Pioneer Monument, Pictou, Nova Scotia, by Nova Scotian sculptor John Wilson

A full-rigged Fluyt, Hector (built in the Netherlands before 1750)[2] was employed in local trade in waters off the British Isles as well as the immigrant trade to North America, having made at least one trip c. 1770 carrying Scottish emigrants to Boston, Massachusetts.

In 1762 the earliest of the Fuadaich nan Gàidheal (Scottish Highland Clearances) forced many Gaelic families off their ancestral lands. The first ship loaded with Hebridean colonists arrived on "St.-John's Island" (Prince Edward Island) in 1770, with later ships following in 1772, and 1774.[3] In 1773 a ship named The Hector landed in Pictou, Nova Scotia with 189 settlers,[4] mostly originating from Loch Broom.[5] In 1784 the last barrier to Scottish settlement – a law restricting land-ownership on Cape Breton Island – was repealed, and soon parts of both Prince Edward Island and Eastern Nova Scotia were predominantly Gaelic-speaking.[6] It is estimated more than 50,000 Gaelic settlers emigrated to Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island between 1815 and 1870.[3]

Her famous voyage took place in 1773 with a departure date around the second week of July, carrying 189 Highlanders who were immigrating to Nova Scotia. The vessel's owner, Mr. John Pagan,[7] along with Dr. John Witherspoon, purchased three shares of land near Pictou, Nova Scotia. Pagan and Witherspoon hired John Ross as a recruiting agent for settlers willing to emigrate to Pictou with an offer of free passage, 1 year of free provisions, and a farm. The settlers (23 families, 25 single men) were recruited at Greenock Renfrewshire and at Loch Broom (Ross-shire) with the majority being from Loch Broom. The settlers that boarded Hector were poor, "obscure, illiterate crofters and artisans from Northern [Scotland], who spoke Gaelic."[8] The school teacher, William McKenzie was one of the few passengers on the Hector to speak both Gaelic and English.[9]

Hector was an old ship and in poor condition when she left Europe.[2] The arduous voyage to Pictou took 11 weeks, with a gale off Newfoundland causing a 14-day delay. Dysentery[10] and smallpox claimed 18 lives amongst the passengers.[11] The vessel arrived in Pictou Harbour on September 15, landing at Brown's Point, immediately west of the present-day town of Pictou.

The year's free provisions never materialized for the passengers of Hector.[12] They had to hurry to build shelter without those provisions before winter set in and starved them.

Second ship

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Another ship, also named Hector was built in 1789.[13] This ship brought over Scottish immigrants to the United States, making departures from Liverpool to New York City in the 1820s and 1830s.[14][15]

Replica

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During the late 1980s and early 1990s, heritage officials in Nova Scotia sought to commemorate the Hector's contribution to Nova Scotia's Scottish history. In 1992, the Ship Hector Foundation was formed from a group of volunteers in Pictou County and elsewhere who began to raise funds for the construction, maintenance and operation of a replica of Hector.

The Hector Heritage Quay, along with the Ship Hector Company Store were opened on the Pictou waterfront in the ensuing years. The marine architect firm J.B. McGuire Marine Associates Ltd. was commissioned to research the particulars of the original Hector and to develop blueprints for an accurate replica. Scotia Trawlers of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia were commissioned to complete phase one and two of the construction at the Hector Heritage Quay, which allowed visitors to the Pictou waterfront to observe the ship's progress, making it an important local attraction. After several years of construction, the replica Hector was launched with great fanfare and media coverage on September 17, 2000. The date had been delayed due to poor weather on the 16th.

Specifications

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Year built: before 1750
Location: Pictou, NS
Deck length overall: 25.9 m (85 ft)
Beam: 6.7 m (22 ft)
Gross tonnage: 200
Number of masts: 3
Owner: Mr. John Pagan, a merchant in Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland

Notes

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  1. ^ Historian Ian McKay and Robin Bates note that there were many Scots already in Nova Scotia prior to the arrival of the Hector.[1]

References

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  1. ^ In the Province of History. McGill-Queens. 2010. p. 271–272
  2. ^ a b Leonard M. Reid, Sons of the Hector (New Glasgow, Nova Scotia: Hector Publishing Co., 1973), 9.
  3. ^ a b "The Case of Gaelic (selection from The Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples/Scots/J.m. Bumsted)". Archived from the original on December 26, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  4. ^ McMillan, Elizabeth (November 6, 2019). "Replica of 1773 ship that brought Scots to Nova Scotia getting retrofit". CBC News. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
  5. ^ unknown (2005). "Hector Festival". DeCoste Centre. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
  6. ^ Kennedy, Michael (2002). "Gaelic Economic-impact Study, p. 25" (PDF). Nova Scotia Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-08-28. Retrieved 2006-08-30.
  7. ^ Ron Wallis, "History of Pictou" Archived 2008-12-28 at the Wayback Machine, Town of Pictou Nova Scotia, accessed November 2, 2008.
  8. ^ Donald MacKay, Scotland Farewell: The People of the Hector (Toronto: Natural Heritage/Natural History Inc, 2001), vii.
  9. ^ Leonard M. Reid, Sons of the Hector (New Glasgow, Nova Scotia: Hector Publishing Co., 1973), 13
  10. ^ Randal W. Oulton and Penelope Chrisholm, "The Hector Passenger List, Arrived in Pictou 1773", Pictou County Nova Scotia GenWeb, accessed November 2, 2008.
  11. ^ "The Hector Story" Archived 2008-12-28 at the Wayback Machine, Town of Pictou Nova Scotia, accessed November 2, 2008.
  12. ^ Leonard M. Reid, Sons of the Hector (New Glasgow, Nova Scotia: Hector Publishing Co., 1973), 18.
  13. ^ "Records of Bristol Ships" (PDF). bristol.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  14. ^ "ISTG - Ship Hector". immigrantships.net.
  15. ^ "Wait, Were There Two Ships Named 'Hector'?". March 10, 2016.

Bibliography

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  • Boudreau, Michael. "A 'Rare and Unusual Treat of Historical Significance': The 1923 Hector Celebration and the Political Economy of the Past." Journal of Canadian Studies 28 (4) (1993): 28–48.
  • Bumsted, J.M. (1981). "Scottish Emigration to the Maritimes, 1770–1815: A New Look at an Old Theme". Acadiensis. 10: 65–85.
  • Campey, Lucille H. "After the Hector" Toronto: Natural Heritage/Natural History Inc., 2004
  • MacKay, Donald. Scotland Farewell: The People of the Hector. Toronto: Natural Heritage/Natural History Inc., 2001.
  • Reid, Leonard M. Sons of the Hector. New Glasgow, Nova Scotia: Hector Publishing Co., 1973.
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45°40′29″N 62°42′37″W / 45.67465°N 62.71022°W / 45.67465; -62.71022

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