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John Hutchings (slave trader)

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Hutchings was Jackson's wife's sister's son

John Hutchings (c. 1775 – November 20, 1817) was a nephew by marriage of American slave trader, militia leader, and U.S. president Andrew Jackson. He was Jackson's partner in his general stores,[1] and his slave-trading operation.[2]

Biography

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Hutchings was a son of Rachel Donelson Robards Jackson's older sister Catherine Donelson.[3] Hutchings may have been known as "Jackey" to friends and family.[4] According to the editors of The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Hutchings was "Jackson's partner in the Lebanon, Gallatin, and Hunter's Hill stores."[5]: 262  Surviving letters from William C. C. Claiborne and Hutchings himself show that they were regularly providing Jackson with updates on Hutchings' success in selling "negroes" and horses that he had brought down from Tennessee to Mississippi.[3] Claiborne wrote to Jackson in 1801, "I can assure you, with great truth, that Mr. Hutchings is a prudent, amiable young man, & is very attentive to your Interest."[5]: 265  On Christmas Day 1801 Hutchings wrote Jackson with his own update, "I shall meet with no dificulty to sell the negres."[5]: 266  A surviving letter from Hutchings to Jackson from an 1804 journey reporting on a journey from Stones River to New Orleans reads as follows:[6][3]: 12–13 

Dear Sir: I this evening retched nashvill on my way to Orleans, after undergoing Some feteague. I had the misfortun of Sinking one of the Boates after being about half loaded. The Boate Sprung aleake in the Bow and'all we Could do She would go to Bot-to There was about Twenty or Twenty five Bales that got Wet. I gave them Two days sun before I put them on Board. I also have plased them on Top of the Boates. I was under the necessaty of taking the pubick Boate and was under the necessaty of Taking off Every plank all Round the gunwell.

The amount of Cotton is as follows:

  • Cotton from Gallatin - 25,567
  • Cotton from Hunters Hill – 16,346
  • Cotton from Lebanon –14,148
  • Total – 56,079
A 21-year-old named William, found in 1820 "with a large iron on his right leg, and trace chain about his neck, locked on by a padlock," claimed his legal owner was John Hutchings of Adams County, "near the White Cliffs." (Note: The other captured slave listed in this ad claimed his legal owner was Isaac Franklin.)

In 1811, Jackson wrote his wife Rachel from Natchez about his work with a coffle of slaves that, "My trusty friend John Hutchings, on the recpt of my letter had come down to this place recd. all the negroes on hand and had carried them up to his farm..."[3]: 273 

During the fiercely contested 1828 presidential election, an opponent of Jackson editorialized about Hutchings possibly receiving preferential treatment and an unearned officer's commission during the War of 1812, asking, "Was not your nephew Capt. John Hutchings mustered into service (as Captain) the 1st October, 1814, and did he not immediately leave the service, and return home to attend your race horses, or his own, and never again joined the Army until after the battle of N. Orleans, of about that time, and all this with your knowledge and consent."[7]

"Uncle Dave Hutchings" The Tennessean, August 14, 1890

Alabama

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According to the Tennessee State Library and Archives, which holds a collection of Hutchings family papers, "Jackson and Hutchings acquired large tracts of land near Milton's Bluff and in northern Alabama near Florence. Sometime after the Treaty of Fort Jackson (1814), Hutchings moved to Huntsville where he maintained a large plantation."[8]

John Hutchings married Mary Smith, who was the niece[9] or daughter of William Smith, a U.S. Senator from South Carolina.[10]: 83  William Smith built a house in Huntsville in 1833.[11]

He died in 1817 and is buried about 20 miles northeast of Athens, Alabama, under a marker commissioned by Jackson that reads:[12]

"Beneath This Marble Slab
Rests the Remains of
John Hutchings.
He Died on the 20th
Day of November, 1817,
Aged 42 Years.
Death is But the Dawn
Of Life Immortal."

In 1818, the firm of Brahan & Hutchings of Huntsville, Alabama was cited as a reference in an advertisement for a commission merchant in Lexington, Kentucky.[13]

A. J. Hutchings

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Andrew Jackson Hutchings (1815–1841)

Andrew Jackson became the guardian of John and Polly Hutchings' orphaned son, Andrew Jackson Hutchings, and raised him at the Hermitage.[14] According to Harriet Chappell Owsley this was Hutchings' dying wish.[15] Andrew and Rachel Jackson traveled to Alabama to sit at Hutchings' deathbed; their trusted slave Hannah Jackson watched the Jacksons' adopted sons Andrew Jackson Jr. and Lyncoya Jackson while they were gone.[16]: 203 

Hutchings was educated at the Hermitage alongside Andrew Jackson Jr. and Lyncoya Jackson. He joined his cousins Andrew Jackson Jr., Samuel Jackson Hays, and Daniel Donelson in Washington in October 1829 during the first year of Jackson's presidency.[16]: 213  He eventually married Mary Coffee, a cousin and a daughter of Jackson's longtime ally John Coffee.[17] They had four children together, only one of whom survived to adulthood, dying in 1863.[10] There is a surviving letter from Andrew Jackson to A. J. Hutchings advising him, "If you get in debt you will be a slave."[18] Andrew Jackson Hutchings died in 1841.[14]

See also

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  • John Brahan – American speculator and slave owner (1774–1834)

References

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  1. ^ "Sep 23, 2011, page X60 - The Tennessean at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  2. ^ "From the Port Gibson Correspondent". The United States Gazette. October 10, 1828. p. 2. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  3. ^ a b c d Various; Jackson, Andrew (1984). Moser, Harold D.; MacPherson, Sharon (eds.). The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume II, 1804–1813. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 978-0-87049-441-3. LCCN 79015078. OCLC 5029597. Free access icon
  4. ^ "Jackson's Record as Slave Trader by Douglas Anderson Sr. (Part 2 of 2)". Nashville Banner. April 29, 1928. p. 31. Retrieved 2024-10-05.
  5. ^ a b c Various; Jackson, Andrew (1980). Smith, Sam B.; Owsley, Harriet Chappell; Moser, Harold D. (eds.). The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume I, 1770–1803. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 978-0-87049-219-8. LCCN 79015078. OCLC 5029597. Free access icon
  6. ^ "Andrew Jackson Well Known Here; Residents Aided Cause". The Huntsville Times. September 11, 1955. p. 14. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  7. ^ "Philo-Tennesseean". The Weekly Natchez Courier. August 23, 1828. p. 3. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  8. ^ "Hutchings Family Papers (1804–1970)" (PDF). TSLA.
  9. ^ Meredith, Rachel (March 31, 2013). 'THERE WAS SOMEBODY ALWAYS DYING AND LEAVING JACKSON AS GUARDIAN': THE WARDS OF ANDREW JACKSON (Thesis). Middle Tennessee State University.
  10. ^ a b DeWitt, John H. (1931). "ANDREW JACKSON AND HIS WARD, ANDREW JACKSON HUTCHINGS: A History Hitherto Unpublished". Tennessee Historical Magazine. 1 (2): 83–106. ISSN 2333-9012. JSTOR 42638062.
  11. ^ "Historic Homes by Pat Jones". The Huntsville Times. June 11, 1933. p. 4. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
  12. ^ "Hutchings' Tomb Found by Hunters". The Commercial Appeal. September 26, 1926. p. 50. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  13. ^ "Lexington Auction & Commission House". National Banner and Nashville Whig. May 30, 1818. p. 4. Retrieved 2024-09-22.
  14. ^ a b "Col. Andrew Jackson Hutchings". Mississippi Free Trader. February 4, 1841. p. 1.
  15. ^ Owsley, Harriet Chappell (1982). "Andrew Jackson and His Ward, Andrew Jackson Donelson". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 41 (2): 124–139. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42626276.
  16. ^ a b Galloway, Linda Bennett (1950). "Andrew Jackson, Junior". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 9 (3): 195–216. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42621045.
  17. ^ "Jackson's Children". Andrew Jackson's Hermitage. Retrieved 2024-08-25.
  18. ^ "Letter from Andrew Jackson to Andrew Jackson Hutchings, April 18, 1833 - Page 7". Tennessee Virtual Archive. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
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