Kumbhakarna Mountain
Mount Kumbhakarna or Jannu (Limbu: Phoktanglungma) is the 32nd-highest mountain in the world. It is an important western outlier of Kangchenjunga, the world's third-highest peak. Kumbhakarna is a large and steep peak in its own right, and has numerous challenging climbing routes. A subsidiary peak, found on the east face of the mountain, is known as Jannu East. The peak is long known as one of the last unclimbed peaks in the Himalayas and rises to 7,468m.
The official name of this peak is Kumbhakarna, but the designation Jannu is still better known. It is called Phoktanglungma by the native population, literally "mountain with shoulders" (phoktang means "shoulder" and lungma means "mountain"), in the Limbu language, and is sacred in the yuma religion.
Location
[edit]Kumbhakarna is the highest peak of the Kumbhakarna Section of the Kangchenjunga Himal (using H. Adams Carter's classification[3]), which straddles the border between Nepal and Sikkim, and lies entirely within Nepal. A long ridge connects it with Kangchenjunga to the east.
Notable features
[edit]Kumbhakarna is the 32nd highest peak in the world (using a cutoff of 500m prominence, or re-ascent). It is more notable for its climbing challenge, and is one of the hardest peaks in the world in terms of technical difficulty because of its complex structure, its vertical relief, and the particularly steep climbing near the summit. The north face, in particular, has been the scene of some of the most technical (and controversial) climbing achieved at altitudes over 7000m.
Climbing history
[edit]Kumbhakarna Jannu was first reconnoitered in 1957 by Guido Magnone, and first attempted in 1959 by a French team led by Jean Franco. It was first climbed in 1962 by a team led by the French alpinist Lionel Terray. Those reaching the summit were René Desmaison, Paul Keller, Robert Paragot and Gyalzen Mitchung Sherpa (April 27) and Lionel Terray, André Bertraud, Jean Bouvier, Pierre Leroux, Yves Pollet-Villard, Jean Ravier and Wangdi Sherpa (April 28).[4][5][6]
Their route started from the Yamatari Glacier south of the peak and followed a circuitous route to the large plateau known as the Throne (a hanging glacier south of the summit), continuing to the summit via the southeast ridge.
The Huge, steep north face (the so-called "Wall of Shadows") was first climbed in 1976 by a Japanese team led by Masatsugu Konishi (ja:小西政継, by a route that starts on the left side of the face and then meets the east ridge, avoiding the steep headwall at the top of the face (though a New Zealand team had climbed the north face the previous year without proceeding to the summit). A Dutch team ascended the north face in 1987, three men reached the summit but only one made it down. A Slovenian climber, Tomo Česen, claimed a solo ascent of a more direct route on the face in 1989, but this claim is considered suspect by many in the climbing community.[5]
In 2004, after a failed attempt the previous year, a Russian team led by Alexander Odintsov succeeded in climbing the direct north face route through the headwall. This required big-wall aid techniques in a sustained, committing setting at over 7500m, a major achievement. However some in the climbing community were upset to learn that the Russians left a good deal of equipment on the wall, provoking a debate over what constitutes appropriate modern style on such a route.[7] Despite the controversy, the team won the Piolet d'Or for the ascent.
On October 12th 2023, three American climbers, Alan Rousseau, Matt Cornell and Jackson Marvell reached the summit. They climbed with no supplemental oxygen, no ropes fixed in advance, and no porters beyond base camp, using only what they could carry on their backs.[8]
The Himalayan Index lists over a dozen ascents of Jannu; there may be others that have not been written up in climbing literature.
| Jannu East | |
|---|---|
| Jannu Est | |
  Jannu East Nepal | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 7,468 m (24,501 ft) |
| Prominence | 50 m (160 ft) |
| Parent peak | Jannu |
| Geography | |
| Location | Nepal |
| Parent range | Himalya |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | unclimbed |
Jannu East
[edit]The east face of Jannu rises to 7,468m.[9] The north face of this subsidiary peak has been described as "arguably amongst the hardest unclimbed, unattempted walls worldwide".[10] In 1991, the mountain was first attempted by a Slovenian team, but the climbers declined their summit bid at 7,050m.[11] Several other attempts over the years by Slovenian teams have been unsuccessful.[12]
In 2022, a Spanish team attempted the East face alpine style. They were ultimately unsuccessful.[13]
In 2023, Michael Gardner and Sam Hennessey reached 7,010m via the North face before descending due to high winds.[12] The next year, Gardner and Hennessey returned to the mountain. On October 7, 2024, American climber Michael Gardner died when he fell from Jannu East when attempting a new route up the mountain's north face.[14][15] French climbers Léo Billon, Nicolas Jean and Benjamin Védrines who were also attempting the peak, came to Gardner's climbing partner Sam Hennessey's aid and aborted their attempt on the peak.[16]
Gallery
[edit]-
Kumbhakarna from the west, a pass between Olung and Gyabla -
The north-face -
The west-face from Kambachen
References
[edit]- ^ Kangchenjunga (Map). 1:120,000. Cartography by Himalayan Maphouse Pvt Ltd. Nepa Maps. § C6.
- ^ "Peak Bagger:Himalaya, Central Nepal Himalaya, Khumbu, Ghurka Himal, Annapurna Himal, Xishapangma Area, Sikkim-Eastern Nepal Himalaya, Western Nepal Himalaya, Assam Himalaya, Punjab Himalaya, Bhutan Himalaya, Garwhal Himalaya, Ganesh Himal". Retrieved 22 October 2024.
- ^ H. Adams Carter, "Classification of the Himalaya", American Alpine Journal 59 (1985), pp. 109–141
- ^ Liz Hawley, Himalayan Database
- ^ a b Andy Fanshawe and Stephen Venables, Himalaya Alpine Style, Hodder and Stoughton, 1995.
- ^ High Asia: An Illustrated History of the 7000 Metre Peaks by Jill Neate, ISBN 0-89886-238-8
- ^ American Alpine Journal 79 (2005), pp. 56–63.
- ^ "Three American Climbers Solve 'The Last Great Problem in the Himalayas'". The New York Times. December 1, 2023. Retrieved 2025-01-04.
- ^ "Kumbhakarna East - Peakbagger.com". www.peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2025-04-14.
- ^ Callaghan, Anna (2019-04-04). "Two Russian alpinists complete a new line on the east wall of Jannu (7710m)". Alpinist. Retrieved 2025-04-14.
- ^ "AAC Publications - Asia, Nepal, Kangchenjunga Region, Kumbhakarna Himal, Jannu (Kumbhakarna), East Face Attempt and History". publications.americanalpineclub.org. Retrieved 2025-04-14.
- ^ a b Annapurna, Kris (2024-06-29). "Climbing History of the Peaks of the 2024 Cutting Edge Grants. Part 3: Jannu East » Explorersweb". Explorersweb. Retrieved 2025-04-14.
- ^ Benavides, Angela (2022-09-16). "Spanish Team to Attempt First Ascent of Jannu East » Explorersweb". Explorersweb. Retrieved 2025-04-14.
- ^ Birdwell, Maury (2024-10-09). "A Climber We Lost: Michael Gardner". Climbing. Retrieved 2025-04-14.
- ^ "Vedrines Reveals Plans For Jannu East. Will He Steal The Americans' Thunder?". Yahoo Life. 2024-09-17. Retrieved 2025-04-14.
- ^ "Jannu East : French alpinists Benjamin Védrines, Leo Billon and Nicolas Jean gave up, then helped an American after the death of his climbing partner". Alpine Mag | International Magazine. 2024-10-08. Retrieved 2025-04-14.
External links
[edit]
- Himalayan Index
- DEM files for the Himalaya (Corrected versions of SRTM data)
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
