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Chemical compound
Milacemide (INN )[ 2] is an MAO-B inhibitor and glycine prodrug .[ 3] It has been studied for its effects on human memory and as a potential treatment for the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease .[ 4] Early clinical trials did not show positive results however,[ 3] and the drug is now abandoned and it is sold as a nonprescription drug or supplement. While milacemide is not an amino-acid , it acts similarly to glycine in the brain.[ 5]
^ "milacemide - Compound Summary" . PubChem Compound . USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 8 August 2005. Identifiers and Related Records. Retrieved 9 January 2012 .
^ "International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances. Supplement to WHO Chronicle , 1983, Vol. 37, No. 6 (December). Recommended International Nonproprietary Names (Rec. INN): List 23" (PDF) . World Health Organization. p. 6. Retrieved 8 January 2016 .
^ a b Dysken, MW; Mendels, J; LeWitt, P; Reisberg, B; Pomara, N; Wood, J; Skare, S; Fakouhi, JD; Herting, RL (May 1992). "Milacemide: a placebo-controlled study in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . 40 (5): 503–6. doi :10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02019.x . PMID 1634705 . S2CID 34816755 .
^ Harris, Carol Turkington ; foreword by Joseph R. (2002). The encyclopedia of the brain and brain disorders (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-4774-X . Archived from the original on 2014-03-03. Retrieved 2017-09-10 . {{cite book }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
^ Theodore I. Lidsky and Jay S. Schneider Phd, Brain Candy (2001). Brain Candy . New York, United States Of America: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743218436 .
Receptor (ligands )
GlyR Tooltip Glycine receptor
Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., brometone , chlorobutanol (chloretone) , ethanol (alcohol) , tert -butanol (2M2P) , tribromoethanol , trichloroethanol , trifluoroethanol )
Alkylbenzene sulfonate
Anandamide
Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital , sodium thiopental )
Chlormethiazole
D12-116
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine )
Etomidate
Ginseng constituents (e.g., ginsenosides (e.g., ginsenoside-Rf ))
Glutamic acid (glutamate)
Ivermectin
Ketamine
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., alfaxolone , pregnenolone (eltanolone) , pregnenolone acetate , minaxolone , ORG-20599 )
Nitrous oxide
Penicillin G
Propofol
Tamoxifen
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Triclofos
Tropeines (e.g., atropine , bemesetron , cocaine , LY-278584 , tropisetron , zatosetron )
Volatiles /gases (e.g., chloral hydrate , chloroform , desflurane , diethyl ether (ether) , enflurane , halothane , isoflurane , methoxyflurane , sevoflurane , toluene , trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) , trichloroethylene )
Xenon
Zinc
Antagonists: 2-Aminostrychnine
2-Nitrostrychnine
4-Phenyl-4-formyl-N-methylpiperidine
αEMBTL
Bicuculline
Brucine
Cacotheline
Caffeine
Colchicine
Colubrine
Cyanotriphenylborate
Dendrobine
Diaboline
Endocannabinoids (e.g., 2-AG , anandamide (AEA) )
Gaboxadol (THIP)
Gelsemine
iso-THAZ
Isobutyric acid
Isonipecotic acid
Isostrychnine
Laudanosine
N-Methylbicuculline
N-Methylstrychnine
N,N-Dimethylmuscimol
Nipecotic acid
Pitrazepin
Pseudostrychnine
Quinolines (e.g., 4-hydroxyquinoline , 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxylic acid , 5,7-CIQA , 7-CIQ , 7-TFQ , 7-TFQA )
RU-5135
Sinomenine
Strychnine
Thiocolchicoside
Tutin
Negative modulators: Amiloride
Benzodiazepines (e.g., bromazepam , clonazepam , diazepam , flunitrazepam , flurazepam )
Corymine
Cyanotriphenylborate
Daidzein
Dihydropyridines (e.g., nicardipine , nifedipine , nitrendipine )
Furosemide
Genistein
Ginkgo constituents (e.g., bilobalide , ginkgolides (e.g., ginkgolide A , ginkgolide B , ginkgolide C , ginkgolide J , ginkgolide M ))
Imipramine
NBQX
Neuroactive steroids (e.g., 3α-androsterone sulfate , 3β-androsterone sulfate , deoxycorticosterone , DHEA sulfate , pregnenolone sulfate , progesterone )
Opioids (e.g., codeine , dextromethorphan , dextrorphan , levomethadone , levorphanol , morphine , oripavine , pethidine , thebaine )
Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin )
PMBA
Riluzole
Tropeines (e.g., bemesetron , LY-278584 , tropisetron , zatosetron )
Verapamil
Zinc
NMDAR Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
Transporter (blockers )
GlyT1 Tooltip Glycine transporter 1 GlyT2 Tooltip Glycine transporter 2
AMPAR Tooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor KAR Tooltip Kainate receptor NMDAR Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor