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Shadowsocks

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Shadowsocks
Original author(s)Clowwindy
Initial release20 April 2012; 12 years ago (2012-04-20)[1][2]
Stable release(s) [±]
rust1.11.2[3] Edit this on Wikidata / 24 July 2021; 28 November 2021; 17 December 2021; 22 March 2022; 5 April 2022; 13 March 2023; 23 September 2023; 26 November 2023; Error: first parameter cannot be parsed as a date or time. (24 July 2021; 28 November 2021; 17 December 2021; 22 March 2022; 5 April 2022; 13 March 2023; 23 September 2023; 26 November 2023)
windows4.4.1.0[4] Edit this on Wikidata / 8 February 2022; 2 years ago (8 February 2022)
android5.3.3[5] Edit this on Wikidata / 7 February 2023; 20 months ago (7 February 2023)
X-NG1.10.2[6] Edit this on Wikidata / 29 March 2023; 19 months ago (29 March 2023)
Repository
Written inPython; Rust; C#; Kotlin; Swift; Objective-C; C; Go; C++ Edit this on Wikidata
Operating systemUnix-like operating system
Microsoft Windows
Android
iOS Edit this on Wikidata
Typecommunication protocol
free software
Internet censorship circumvention Edit this on Wikidata
Websiteshadowsocks.org Edit this on Wikidata

Shadowsocks is a free and open-source encryption protocol project, widely used in China to circumvent Internet censorship. It was created in 2012 by a Chinese programmer named "clowwindy", and multiple implementations of the protocol have been made available since.[7][8] Shadowsocks is not a proxy on its own, but (typically) is the client software to help connect to a third-party SOCKS5 proxy. Once connected, internet traffic can then be directed through the proxy.[9] Unlike an SSH tunnel, Shadowsocks can also proxy User Datagram Protocol (UDP) traffic.

Takedown

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On 22 August 2015, "clowwindy" announced in a GitHub thread that they had been contacted by the police and could no longer maintain the project.[10] The code of the project was subsequently branched with a removal notice.[11][12][13][14] Three days later, on 25 August, another proxy application, GoAgent, also had its GitHub repository removed.[12][13] The removal of the projects received media attention, with some speculating about a possible connection between those removals and a distributed-denial-of-service attack targeting GitHub which occurred several days later.[15] Danny O'Brien, from Electronic Frontier Foundation, published a statement on the matter.[16]

Despite the takedown, collaborators of the project have continued the development of the project.

Server implementations

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The original Python implementation can still be installed using the Pip Python package manager, but the contents of its GitHub repository have been removed.[17][18] Other server implementations include one in Go, Rust, and C using the libev event loop library; C++ with a Qt GUI; and Perl. The Go and Perl implementations are not updated regularly and may have been abandoned.[18][19][20][21]

Client implementations

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All of the server implementations listed above also support operating in client mode. There are also client-only implementations available for Windows (shadowsocks-win), macOS (ShadowsocksX-NG), Android (shadowsocks-android), and iOS (Wingy).[22] Many clients, including shadowsocks-win and shadowsocks-android, support redirecting all system traffic over Shadowsocks, not just applications that have been explicitly configured to do so, allowing Shadowsocks to be used similarly to a VPN. If an application doesn't support proxy servers, a proxifier can be used to redirect the application to the Shadowsocks client. Some proxifiers, such as Proxycap, support Shadowsocks directly, thus avoiding the need for a Shadowsocks client, but some require a client.

Net::Shadowsocks

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Net::Shadowsocks is name of the Perl implementation of Shadowsocks protocol client and server available on CPAN.[23]

ShadowsocksR

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ShadowsocksR is a fork of the original Shadowsocks project, claimed to be superior in terms of security and stability. Upon release, it was found to violate the License by not having the source code of the C# client available.[24] It was also criticized for its solution to the alleged security issues in the source project. Shadowsocks is currently under development, while development of ShadowsocksR has stopped.[25]

Similar projects

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Shadowsocks is similar to The Tor Project's Pluggable Transport (PT) idea. PT makes it hard for Internet Service Providers to detect Tor traffic. They also both use a socks proxy interface. Whereas Shadowsocks is simpler, Obfs4 used in PT is more obfuscated.[26] Unlike Obfs4, Shadowsocks is not resistant to Active Probing.[27] The most similar PT to Shadowsocks is Obfs3.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "发一个自用了一年多的翻墙工具 shadowsocks". Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  2. ^ "Shadowsocks 的前世后生". GFW BLOG. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  3. ^ "Release 1.11.2".
  4. ^ "Release 4.4.1.0".
  5. ^ "Release v5.3.3 · shadowsocks/shadowsocks-android · GitHub".
  6. ^ "Release v1.10.2 · shadowsocks/ShadowsocksX-NG · GitHub".
  7. ^ clowwindy (20 April 2012). "initial commit". Retrieved 10 June 2016 – via GitHub.
  8. ^ "Ports and Clients". Retrieved 10 June 2016 – via GitHub.
  9. ^ "Shadowsocks – Protocol". shadowsocks.org. Archived from the original on 4 December 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  10. ^ clowwindy (22 August 2015). "Adopting iOS 9 network extension points". Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2016 – via GitHub. Two days ago the police came to me and wanted me to stop working on this. Today they asked me to delete all the code from GitHub. I have no choice but to obey. I hope one day I'll live in a country where I have freedom to write any code I like without fearing.
  11. ^ clowwindy (22 August 2015). "shadowsocks/shadowsocks@938bba3". Retrieved 10 June 2016 – via GitHub.
  12. ^ a b Rudolph, Josh (25 August 2015). "Circumvention Tool Deleted After Police Visit Developer". China Digital Times. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
  13. ^ a b Percy (26 August 2016). "中国开发者被警察要求删除软件" [Chinese coder ordered to delete software by police] (in Chinese). GreatFire. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
  14. ^ Kan, Michael (30 August 2015). "China intensifies Internet censorship ahead of military parade". PC World. International Data Group. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
  15. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin (29 August 2015). "Recent GitHub DDOS Linked to Chinese Government and Two GitHub Projects". Softpedia. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
  16. ^ O'Brien, Danny (28 August 2015). "Speech that Enables Speech: China Takes Aim at Its Coders". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
  17. ^ "Shadowsocks". GitHub.
  18. ^ a b "Shadowsocks Servers". Shadowsocks. Archived from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  19. ^ zhou0 (18 December 2017), shadowsocks-perl: An asynchronous, non-blocking shadowsocks client and server written in Perl, retrieved 11 January 2018{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ shadowsocks-go: go port of shadowsocks, shadowsocks, 10 January 2018, retrieved 11 January 2018
  21. ^ shadowsocks-rust: A Rust port of shadowsocks, retrieved 12 October 2019
  22. ^ "Shadowsocks - Clients". shadowsocks.org. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  23. ^ "Net::Shadowsocks - the asynchronous, non-blocking shadowsocks client and server". Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2017 – via CPAN.
  24. ^ clowwindy (18 August 2015). "AppData & temp & 当前目录" (in Chinese). Retrieved 10 June 2016 – via GitHub.
  25. ^ "Long-term Shadowsocks Plan: ShadowsocksR versus Shadowsocks2 · Issue #501 · StreisandEffect/Streisand". GitHub.
  26. ^ https://censorbib.nymity.ch/pdf/Deng2017a.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  27. ^ "How China Detects and Blocks Shadowsocks · Issue #22 · net4people/BBS". GitHub.
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