Troyville culture

The Troyville culture is an archaeological culture in areas of Louisiana and Arkansas in the Lower Mississippi valley in the Southeastern Woodlands. It was a Baytown Period culture^[1] and lasted from 400 to 700 CE during the Late Woodland period. It was contemporaneous with the Coastal Troyville and Baytown cultures (all three had evolved from the Marksville Hopewellian peoples) and was succeeded by the Coles Creek culture.^[1] Where the Baytown peoples built dispersed settlements, the Troyville people instead continued building major earthwork centers.^[2]^[3]

Subsistence

The Troyville-Coles Creek people lived on gathered wild plants and local domesticates, and maize was of only minor importance.^[4] Acorns, persimmons, palmetto, maygrass, and squash were all more important than maize.^[4] Tobacco was cultivated as well, and protein came from deer and smaller mammals, but the bounty of the region kept maize from being adopted as a staple until as late as the thirteenth century CE.^[4]

Known Troyville culture sites

Site	Image	Description
DePrato Mounds		A multimound complex located in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, radiocarbon and decorated pottery dated to about 600 CE during the Troyville/Coles Creek period.^[5]
Greenhouse site		A multimound site in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana from the Troyville-Coles Creek Period^[6]
Marsden Mounds		A multimound site in Richland Parish, Louisiana near Delhi, Louisiana, with a Poverty Point period component (1500 BCE) and a Troyville-Coles Creek component (400 to 1200 CE).^[7]
Peck Mounds		A multimound site from the Late Troyville-Early Coles Creek period located in Catahoula Parish, Louisiana^[8]
Troyville Earthworks		A large multimound site with components dating from 100 BCE to 700 CE. It once had the tallest mound in Louisiana at 82 feet (25 m) in height. It is located in Catahoula Parish, Louisiana in the town of Jonesville.^[9] It is the type site for the culture.
Venable Mound		A single mound site with components from the Troyville, Coles Creek and Plaquemine periods, located in Morehouse Parish, Louisiana^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b Raymond Fogelson (September 20, 2004). Handbook of North American Indians : Southeast. Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 978-0-16-072300-1.
^ "Southeastern Prehistory : Late Woodland Period". NPS.GOV. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
^ Timothy P Denham; José Iriarte; Luc Vrydaghs, eds. (2008-12-10). Rethinking Agriculture: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives. Left Coast Press. pp. 199–204. ISBN 978-1-59874-261-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c Snow, Dean R. (2010). Archaeology of Native North America. New York: Prentice-Hall. p. 244.
^ "Indian Mounds of Northeast Louisiana : Deprato Mounds". Archived from the original on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
^ "Louisiana Prehistory:Marksville, Troyville-Coles Creek, and Caddo". Archived from the original on 2012-01-10. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
^ "Indian Mounds of Northeast Louisiana:Marsden Mounds". Archived from the original on 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
^ "Indian Mounds of Northeast Louisiana:Peck Mounds". Archived from the original on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
^ "Indian Mounds of Northeast Louisiana: Transylvania Mounds". Archived from the original on 2014-03-20. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
^ "Indian Mounds of Northeast Louisiana:Venable Mound". Archived from the original on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2011-10-20.

External links

[HANDBOOK-1] Raymond Fogelson (September 20, 2004). Handbook of North American Indians : Southeast. Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 978-0-16-072300-1.

[2] "Southeastern Prehistory : Late Woodland Period". NPS.GOV. Retrieved 2011-10-23.

[3] Timothy P Denham; José Iriarte; Luc Vrydaghs, eds. (2008-12-10). Rethinking Agriculture: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives. Left Coast Press. pp. 199–204. ISBN 978-1-59874-261-9.

[ARCHAEOLOGY-4] Snow, Dean R. (2010). Archaeology of Native North America. New York: Prentice-Hall. p. 244.

[DEPRATO-5] "Indian Mounds of Northeast Louisiana : Deprato Mounds". Archived from the original on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2011-10-21.

[GREENHOUSE1-6] "Louisiana Prehistory:Marksville, Troyville-Coles Creek, and Caddo". Archived from the original on 2012-01-10. Retrieved 2011-10-20.

[MARSDEN-7] "Indian Mounds of Northeast Louisiana:Marsden Mounds". Archived from the original on 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2011-10-20.

[PECK-8] "Indian Mounds of Northeast Louisiana:Peck Mounds". Archived from the original on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2011-10-20.

[TRANSYLVANIA-9] "Indian Mounds of Northeast Louisiana: Transylvania Mounds". Archived from the original on 2014-03-20. Retrieved 2011-10-20.

[VENABLE-10] "Indian Mounds of Northeast Louisiana:Venable Mound". Archived from the original on 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2011-10-20.

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v t e Baytown and Troyville cultures
Late Woodland period List of archaeological periods (North America)
Baytown sites	Baytown Site Holly Bluff site Roland Site Winterville Mounds
Troyville sites	DePrato Mounds Greenhouse site Marsden Mounds Mott Archaeological Preserve Peck Mounds Troyville Earthworks Venable Mound
Related topics Coles Creek culture Eastern Agricultural Complex Fourche Maline culture Marksville culture Platform mound Plum Bayou culture

v t e Pre-Columbian North America
Periods Lithic Archaic Formative Classic Post-Classic
Archaeological cultures	Adena Alachua Ancient Beringian Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) Anishinaabe Avonlea Baytown Belle Glade Buttermilk Creek complex Caborn-Welborn Cades Pond Calf Creek Caloosahatchee Clovis Coles Creek Comondú Deptford Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Walton Fremont Glacial Kame Glades Hohokam Hopewell List of Hopewell sites La Jolla Las Palmas Maritime Archaic Mississippian List of Mississippian sites Mogollon Monongahela Old Cordilleran Oneota Paleo-Arctic Paleo-Indians Patayan Plano Plaquemine Poverty Point Red Ocher Safety Harbor Santa Rosa-Swift Creek St. Johns Steed-Kisker Suwannee Valley Tchefuncte Troyville Weeden Island
Archaeological sites	Angel Mounds Anzick site Bandelier National Monument Bastian Benson Blue Spring Shelter Bluefish Caves The Bluff Point Stoneworks Brewster Cahokia Candelaria Cave Casa Grande Chaco Canyon Coso Rock Art District Crystal River Cuarenta Casas Cueva de la Olla Cutler Eaker El Fin del Mundo El Vallecito Effigy Mounds Etowah Indian Mounds Eva Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Center Fort Juelson Four Mounds Gila Cliff Dwellings Glenwood Grimes Point Helen Blazes Holly Bluff Hopewell Culture National Historical Park Horr's Island Huápoca Key Marco Kimball Village Kincaid Mounds Kolomoki Mounds Lake Jackson Mounds Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site L'Anse aux Meadows Lynch Quarry Site Marksville Marmes Rockshelter Meadowcroft Rockshelter Mesa Verde Moaning Cavern Moorehead Circle Morrison Mounds Moundville Mummy Cave Nodena site Ocmulgee Mounds Old Stone Fort Orwell site Paquime Painted Bluff Parkin Park Pinson Mounds Plum Bayou Mounds Portsmouth Earthworks Poverty Point Pueblo Bonito Rassawek Recapture Canyon River Styx Roberts Island Rock Eagle Rock Hawk Rosenstock Village Russell Cave Salmon Ruins Serpent Mound Sierra de San Francisco Shell ring sites Spiro Mounds Stallings Island SunWatch Taos Pueblo Town Creek Indian Mound Turkey River Mounds Upward Sun River Velda Mound West Oak Forest Earthlodge Wickiup Hill Windover Winterville Wupatki
Human remains	Anzick-1 Arlington Springs Man Buhl Woman Kennewick Man La Brea Woman Leanderthal Lady Melbourne Man Minnesota Woman Peñon woman Spirit Cave mummy Vero man
Miscellaneous	Aridoamerica Ballgame Black drink Ceremonial pipe Chanunpa Chunkey Clovis point Container Revolution Eastern Agricultural Complex Eden point Effigy mound Falcon dancer Folsom point Green Corn Ceremony Horned Serpent Kiva Medicine wheel Metallurgy Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing Mound Builders N.A.G.P.R.A. Norse colonization of North America Oasisamerica Piasa Projectile point Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Stickball Three Sisters agriculture Thunderbird Transoceanic contact Underwater panther Water glyphs
Related Genetic history Pre-Columbian era

Subsistence

Known Troyville culture sites

See also

References

External links