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Sports (Mutations)

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Over the years, many mutations, or sports, have been identified in Red Delicious apple trees. In addition to those that were propagated without any legal protection (or cut out because they were seen as inferior) 42 sports were patented in the United States:

Plant Patent Number Date "Inventor" Marketed as Mutated From Assignee Habit Patern Earlier Color
90 Apr 3, 1934 Shotwell Delicious standard less stripe 2 wk. 3-4 times
1278May 18, 1954 Plough Royalred1805 Richared C&O standard blush 10 d. lighter
1411Aug 23, 1955 Brauns Red King1811 Starking Van Well standard stripe 2 wk. more complete
1565Feb 12, 1957 Bisbee Starkrimson Starking Stark spur blush "earlier" similar
1805Feb 3, 1959 Frazier & Jenkins Starking Elon J. Gilbert standard blush 10 d. brighter
1811Feb 17, 1959 Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton standard blush 2 wk. darker
1822Mar 24, 1959 Gilbert Redspur Starking C&O spur blush later brighter
1916Feb 23, 1960 Hutchinson Top Red3556 Shotwell C&O standard striped 2-3 wk. darker
1930Apr 5, 1960 Wood Woods, Starkspur2606 Starking Stark spur striped 1 wk. deeper
2285Sep 24, 1963 Gould Red Delicious Miller&Miller standard blush "early" more intense
2433Aug 11, 1964 Gilbert Miller Sturdyspur Starking Cons. Orch. Co spur blush "early" dark
2440Aug 25, 1964 Frank Rypczynski "Frank", Super Starking5569 StarkingStark standard subdued stripes 30 d. fuller
2606Mar 15, 1966 Cooper Starkrimson or Welspur spur stripe 10-14d. more intense
2816June 4, 1968 Trumbull Oregon Spur4819 Red King Van Well spur stripe 2 wk. darker
2956Dec 23, 1969 Diede Starking Stark standard more intense
3025Feb 2, 1971 Matson Stark Earlibrite5547 Ryan Red Stark standard blush 1 month bright
3035Mar 2, 1971 Maxam Starking standard blush deeper
3040Apr 13, 1971 Norton Vance spur 2-3 wk. brilliant
3485Feb 19, 1974 Coke Rose Red Starking Rose spur blush from start dark
3541May 7, 1974 Pagnelli Starking Stark spur blush brighter
3556May 28, 1974 Ward Early Red One4839 Brauns Van Well standard stripe 4 wk. darker blackish-purple
3557May 28, 1974 Flanagan Starking Stark spur stripe before Topred brighter, lighter
3567June 11, 1974 Slusarenko unknown Stark standard stripe 4 d. before #2440 red
3578June 25, 1974 Campbell Red Chief3578 Starkrimson Hilltop spur stripe "earlier" deeper, brighter
4159Nov. 29, 1977 Silvers Silverspur Hi Early McCormick spur stripe 2 wk. before Hi Early bright
4372Jan 30, 1979 Craig Oregon Spur spur stripe 2 wk. darker, heavier
4587Aug 12, 1980 Perleberg Ace Starkrimson or Oregon Red spur stripe 18 d. bright but deep
4801Jan 19, 1982 Garretson Starking Carlton <spur / dwarf blush bright
4819Feb 2, 1982 Green Oregon Spur II6190 Oregon Spur Wells & Wade spur stripe 10 d. dark
4839Apr 20, 1982 Evans et al. Scarlet Spur6190 Oregon Spur Van Well spur blush 2 wk. red stem
4926Nov 9, 1982 Coke&Smith Super Clone4926M Starking McCormick, Bountiful Ridge spur, dwarfing stripe no change, late bloom light
5334Nov 13, 1984 Kemp Top Spur5334 Starkrimson C&O spur stripe 5-7 d. deeper, brighter
5421Mar 26, 1985 Hanners Eve's Delight Spokane Beauty stripe light
5472May 21, 1985 Jenkins Jenred,5472 Starkspur,5472 Ultrastripe5472 Oregon Spur Stark spur stripe 15 d. more consistent
5547Sep 3, 1985 Hare Hared,5547 Dixiered,5547 Starkspur5547 Oregon Spur Stark spur blush 15-20 d. dark
5569Oct 8, 1985 Gonzalez Rico7237 Sharp Red Merleley & al. standard stripe 20 d.
6190May 31, 1988 Sandidge Super Chief Red Chief spur stripe 18 d. red stem
6702Mar 28, 1989 Valle Vallee Spur6702 Red Chief spur blush 2 wk. dark red with bloom
7237May 29, 1990 Sali Sali7237 Redspur semi-spur blush "earliest" purple tinge
7928Aug 4, 1992 Winkel AW-1647928 Redchief Inter-Plant Patent Marketing spur blush 5-10 d. brighter
10,832Mar 23, 1999 Deutscher Cumberland Spur10,832 Oregon Spur spur blush 10-14 d. complete
14,757May 4, 2004 Burchinal Adams Apple, Burchinal Red Delicious14,757 Oregon Spur II Microsoft spur blush immediately more uniform, deeper, purple, bloom

Well-known but unpatented sports include:

  • Chelan Red, which has been described as having oxblood red fruit
  • Hi Early
  • Houser
  • Mood,2433 or Starking, which colors ~2 wk. before "standard Delicious"1411
  • Richared - brighter red than standard, blush, not stripe 1278
  • Ryan
  • Sharp Red
  • Spokane Beauty
  • Wellspur

In 1997, the application for #4159 noted the "starchy and bland taste of some of the newer varieties."

The plant patent for #4926 promoted the sport as a dwarfing interstock, a dwarfing rootstock for pears, or to produce "crab apple" sized Delicious apples.

Epidendrum References

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Dressler on subdividing Epidendrum: http://www.springerlink.com/content/x65562qp48721l67/


Epidendrum dendrobii

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Epidendrum dendrobii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Orchidaceae
Subfamily:
Epidendroideae
Tribe:
Epidendreae
Subtribe:
Laeliinae
Genus:
Epidendrum
Subgenus:
Pleuranthium

Rchb.f. 1850
Species:
E. dendrobii
Binomial name
Epidendrum dendrobii
Rchb.f. 1850
Synonyms

Epidendrum pileatum (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. 1861

Epidendrum dendrobii is a terrestrial species of reed-stemmed Epidendrum of the Orchidaceae which grows on steep slopes in tropical montane cloud forests of Cochabamba, Bolivia and Venezuela at altitudes near 2.6 km.

Description

E. dendrobii is a terrestrial, sympodial orchid with tall (~1.2 m.[1]) slender stems without any swelling, covered with foliaceous sheaths, most tipped with long, acute, slightly keeled, distichous leaves[2]. The inflorescenses are short (1.5 cm) lateral racemes, or sometimes (Reichenbach, 1861) panicles, carying six to eight waxy-textured flowers arising between spathaceous bracts. The sepals are somewhat broader than the petals. The lip is trilobate, with the lateral lobes larger than the median lobe. The callus consists of two lamina at the apex of the column, followed by three broad keels.

Taxonomic Quibbles According to Kew[3] (In July, 2009), E. dendrobii and E. pileatum (the type species of the subgenus Pleuranthium) are the same species. Both H. G. Reichenbach, 1861 and Dodson & Vásquez, 1989, distinguish between E. dendrobii, with smaller yellowish flowers, and E. pileatum, with larger (> 1 cm) greenish flowers with each floral segment rolled backwards from the long axis.


  1. ^ C. Dodson & R. Vásquez, Icones Plantarum Tropicarum Series II: Orchids of Bolivia Plate 0333 "Epidendrum pileatum", Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. 1989
  2. ^ H. G. Reichenbach "Orchides" in C. Müller, Ed. Walpers Annales Botanices Systematicae Tomus VI pp. 414-415. Berlin. 1861.
  3. ^ http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/

Place in category Epidendrum_Pleuranthium|dendrobii

Epidendrum anisatum

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Epidendrum anisatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Orchidaceae
Subfamily:
Epidendroideae
Tribe:
Epidendreae
Subtribe:
Laeliinae
Genus:
Epidendrum
Subgenus:
E. subg.Amphiglottium
Section:
E. sect. Schistochila
Subsection:
E. subsect. Integra
Binomial name
Epidendrum anisatum
Synonyms

see text

Taxonomic quibbles

According to R. Govaerts [1], E. anisatum Lex. has one synonym, E. gladiatum Lindl.

Reichenbach listed both E. anisatum and E. gladiatum under "Schistochila Integra"" (E. subsect. Integra) and said of E. anisatum: "This is very near E. gladiatum, with which I once confounded it; but it seems to be satisfactorily distinguished by its narrow fleshy leaves, short membranous blunt bracts etc."[2]

Schweinfurth, on the other hand, listed E. vandifolium Lindl. and E. Juergensenii Rchb.f. as synonyms of E. gladiatum, but did not mention E. anisatum.[3] Govaerts accepts E. vandifolium Lindl. as a separate species, with E. durangense Hágsater & Holman as a synonym, [4] and E. juergensenii Rchb.f. as yet another species, without any synonyms.[5]

According to IOSPE, both E. gladiatum and E. vandifolium are synonyms for E. anisatum,[6] which is distinct from E. durangense.[7]

Footnotes

  1. ^ R. Govaerts, "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families", Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?accepted_id=67788&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=67788&status=true
  2. ^ H. G. Reichenbach "ORCHIDES", item 256 (E. anisatum), in C. Müller, Ed. Walpers. Annales Botanices Systematicae VI(1861) pp. 385. Berlin.
  3. ^ Schweinfurth "Orchids of Peru" Fieldiana:Botany 30(1960)449. Field Museum. Chicago, IL.
  4. ^ Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-71827. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/acceptedRef.do?accepted_id=69823&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=69823&status=true
  5. ^ Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-71827. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/acceptedRef.do?accepted_id=68693&repSynonym_id=-9998&name_id=68693&status=true
  6. ^ http://www.orchidspecies.com/epianisatum.htm
  7. ^ http://www.orchidspecies.com/epidurangense.htm

Category Epidendrum_Subtaxa

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As mentioned in the lead article, the genus Epidendrum is quite large and varied. Many taxa have been removed over the centuries, and the work continues. An early attempt to divide up the genus (and not simply remove what did not belong) was published by Lindley.[1] H. G. Reichenbach expanded on Lindley's work in his 1861 treatise "Orchides", in which he accepted and placed 374 Epidendrum species into thirteen subgenera[2]; some have since been elevated to new genera, some taxa have been removed from Epidendrum, and some remain:

1. Epicladium Most of these are now in Cattleya or Guarianthe, with the exceptions of E. hastatum, E. boothianum, E. citrinum, and E. campylostaliy, which are now in Prosthechea.
2. Encyclium has been elevated to the genus Encyclia. Reichenbach listed four sections
E. sect. Holochila, with the description "Labellum integerrimum" (lip very undivided)
E. sect. Sarcochila, with the description "Labellum apice ipso tridentatum, carnosum" (the fleshy lip with three teeth at the apex).
The remaining two sections carried the collective description "labellum trilobum
lobo medio membranaceo" (the lip with three lobes: the middle lobe membranaceous)
E. sect. Sphaerochila, with the description "lobis lateralibus rotundatis, intermedio subconformi, nec majore" (rotund lateral lobes, the middle lobe smaller, or not larger)
E. sect. Hymenochila, with the description "lobis lateralibus angustis, indermedio difformi saepius multo majore" (lateral lobes narrow, the middle lobe differing by being much more encircling)
3. Diacrium has been elevated to the genus Caularthron.
4. Hormidium has been elevated to generic rank by Withner and Harding[3] but is recognized as part of Prosthechea by Kew[4]
5. E. subg. Psilanthemum Klotzsch, with radical inflorescences, included Cattleya walkeriana and Epidendrum stamfordianum.
6. Aulizeum included many taxa which are now in Prosthechea
7. Osmophytym included many taxa which are now in Prosthechea
8. Lanium, from which Reichenbach 1861 removed both species.

The remaining subgenera carry the description "Caulis foliosus strictus"; they have often been known as the "reed stemmed Epidendrum" species.

9. E. subg. Spathium, described as "Spatha 1, magna" are characterized by the inflorescence erupting from a large, flattened spathe at the apex of the stem. Reichenbach did not subdivide this subgenus.
10. E. subg. Amphiglottium, described as "Spathae plures, imbricatae" (the peduncle covered from the base by many imbricating sheathes). Reichenbach listed three sections and three subsections on p. 373
E. sect. Polycladia described as "Flores vere paniculati" (inflorescence a true panicle)
The remainder of the subtaxa of E. subg. Amphiglottium carry the collective description "Flores racemosi (raro in paniculam racemosam luxuriantes.)" (inflorescence a raceme, or rarely a panicle of luxuriant racemes)
E. sect. Holochila described as "Labellum indivisum" (undivided lip)
E. sect. Schistochila consists of three entries, under the collective description "Labellum lobatum" (lobate lip)
E. subsect. Integra, spelled as Schistochila integra and described as "laciniis omnibus integris" (all of the lobes with smooth margins)
The remaining subsections (the "lacerate" subsections) carry the additional collective description "laciniis laceria" (the lip margins lacerate)
E. subsect. Carinata, spelled as Schistochila carinata and described as "lobo medio lamellato" (the midlobe with one or more keels)
E. subsect. Tuberculata, spelled as Schistochila tuberculata and described as "lobo medio nuso basi bicalioso"
11. E. subg. Epidendrum, spelled as "Euepidendrum" and described as "Spatha o" (neither spathe nor sheath at the base of the peduncle). Reichenbach 1861 listed four sections and four subsections on p. 397—399
E. sect. Equitantia, described as "Folia equitantia" (leaves forming a fan).
E. sect. Sarcophylla, without a description, but merely an attribution to "Rchb. fil." One species
E. microphyllum.
E. sect. Teretifolia, also without a description and with an attribution to "Rchb. fil." and a list of three species
E. teres, E. karwinskii, and E. subulaatifolium
E. sect. Planifolia, described as "Folia plana" (flat leaves), with four subsections
E. subsect. Spathacea, spelled "Planifolia spathacea" and described as "bracteis spathaceis saepius ancipitibus" (the floral bracts forming spathes that surround the stems).
The remaining subsections carry the additional collective description "bracteis depauparatis" (the floral bracts small)
E. subsect. Umbellata, spelled "Planifolia umbellata" and described as "floribus umbellatis" (the inflorescence umbel-like).
E. subsect. Racemosa, spelled "Planifolia racemosa" and described as "floribus racemosis" (the inflorescence a raceme)
E. subsect. Paniculata, spelled "Planifolia paniculata" and described as "floribus paniculatis" (the inflorescence a panicle)
12. E. subg. Pleuranthium Rchb.f., described as "Inflorescentia laeralis" (lateral inflorescences).
13. Amblostoma Rchb.f., pp. 374-376 has been elevated to the genus Barkeria



Place in category Epidendrum

Cattleya subtaxa

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p. 21

  • Laelioidea (Fowlie) Withner type: C. dormaniana
  • Rhizantha (Cogniaux) Withner type: C. walkeriana "inflorescentia basialaris" also C. nobilior (22)
  • Cattleya Lindley. type: C. labiata
sect. Cattleya Lindley type
C. labiata , also C. gaskelliana (22)
sect. Xantheae Withner type
C. dowiana "Flores luteoli vel aurei" also C. aurea (22)
sect. Maximae Withner type
C. maxima
  • Stellata Withner type: C. luteola also C. iricolor (22)
  • Circumvolva Withner type: C. skinneri
sect. Aurantiacae Withner type
C. aurantiaca
sect. Moradae Withner type" C. skinneri "Flores purpurei; labellum rotundatum"
  • Aclandia Withner type: C. aclandiae also C. velutina (23)
  • Intermedia (Cogniaux) Withner type: C. forbesii also C. harrisoniana (23)
  • Schomburgkoidea Withner type: C. violacea also C. bicolor (23), C. tenuis (23)
  • Falcata Withner type: C. guttata
sect. Guttatae (Cogniaux) Withner type
C. guttata also C. amethstoglossa (23), C. schilleriana(23)
sect. Granulosae (Fowlie) Withner type
C. granulosa also C. porphyroglossa (23), C. schofeldiana (23)
  • Crispae
sect. Crispae Pfitzer L. crispa, L. fidelensis, L. grandis, L. purpurata, L. tenebrosa, L. virens, Laelia xanthina
sect. Hadrolaelia schlechter L. alaorii, L. jongheana, L. praestans, L. pumila
sect. Perriniae Withner (1990) l. perrinii
sect. Lincoranae Withner (1990) L. sincorana
sect. Esalqueanae Withner L. bradei, L. esalqueana, L. itambana,
sect. Harpophyllae Withner L. harpophylla, L. kautskyana
Sect. Liliputinae Withner (1990) L. ghillanyi, L. kettieana, L. liliputana, L. longipes, L. reginae
sect Parviflorae Lindl. L. angereri, L. blumenscheinii, L. briegeri, L. cinnabarina, L. endsfeldzii, L. flavaLindl., L. gloedeniana, L. gracilis, L. mileri, L. sanguiloba, L. verboonenii
sect. rupestres Withner 1990 L. caulescens, L. crispata, L. crispilabia, L. mantiqueirae


Apple sports

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Empire

[edit]

By the year 2001, three mutant forms of Empire had been patented. None of them were mutants of mutants:

Date "Inventor" Marketed as Assignee Earlier Color Plant Patent Number
Mar 10, 1992 Teeple Teeple Red Empire, Royal Empire Cornell no redder US plant patent 7820
Oct 20, 1992 Thome TF808 Inter-Plant Patent Marketing 5—7 days redder US plant patent 8010
Feb 1, 2000 Crist CB515, Crown Empire Adams County Nursery 2.5 weeks redder US plant patent 11201

Cortland

[edit]

The original Cortland variety, which produced apples which were 20—30% red,[5] was not patented.

Date "Inventor" Marketed as Mutated From Assignee Habit Pattern Earlier Color Plant Patent Number
Jan 19, 1982 LaMont Lamont, Starkspur standard Stark Bro's Nursery spur striped same same US plant patent 4800
Aug 30, 1983 Nicklin Redcort standard Hilltop Nursery standard stiped 2 wk. 90% red US plant patent 5095
Oct 7, 1997 Hartenhof NS-911 standard Adams County Nursery standard striped same red overall US plant patent 10049

Fuji

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Many sports (mutants) of the Fuji apple have been recognized and propagated. In addition to those that have remained unpatented, at least twenty have received US plant patents:

Date "Inventor" Marketed as Mutated From Assignee Habit Pattern Earlier Color Plant Patent Number
Aug 29, 1989 Hiraragi Yataka Fuji Makoto Okada standard stripe 1 Month - US plant patent 7001
Oct 6, 1992 Yahagi Heisei Fuji, Beni Shogun[6] Yataka7001 Nakajima Tenkoen standard solid no dark red US plant patent 7997
Nov 17, 1992 Cooper T.A.C.#114 Redsport Type 2 T.A.C. spur stripe 10—14 days more brilliant red, 80—90% US plant patent 8032
Sep 26, 1995 Fukuda Tensei Fuji Fukushima Tenkoen standard, larger stripe no same US plant patent 9298
Apr 16, 1996 Lynd Fuji-Spike Fuji Lynd spur stripe 0—5 days same US plant patent 9508
Sep 24, 1996 Van Leuven Myra unknown red strain C & O standard blush w/ subtle stripe 1 week bright pink US plant patent 9645
Dec 9, 1997 Auvil Fuji 216 T.A.C.#1148032 Auvil standard blush 5—21 days brighter red, 90—100% US plant patent 10141
Mar 24, 1998 Coopr & Perkins Fuji Compact T.A.C. #114 T.A.C.#1148032 T.A.C. spur same same same US plant patent 10291
Jan 25, 2000 Van Leuven Fiero Yataka7001 C & O standard indistinct stripe 7—10 days more intense blush US plant patent 11193
Sep 18, 2001 Snyder Snyder BC 2 Snyder semi-spur heavy stripe same same US plant patent 12098
Nov 27, 2001 Torres Triple E BC 2 - standard 85—100% blush 10—14 days solid red US plant patent 12219
Apr 16, 2002 Rankin Rankin Red Yakata7001 Twin Springs Fruit Farm standard 70—90% blush 5 days more intense US plant patent 12551
Nov. 11, 2003 Teague Irene BC 2 - standard solid 60 days yellow US plant patent 14299
Oct 26, 2004 Braun Brak Fuji Kiku standard striped earlier ruby red US plant patent 15261
Feb 21, 2006 Clevenger Fugachee Fuji - standard 70—90% blush 14 days before Fiero - US plant patent 16270
Jun 6, 2006 Banning Banning Red Desert Rose Fuji Banning standard stripe - redder US plant patent 16624
Aug 14, 2007 Lee, Edwards, Delugar CABp Nagafu 6 CABp 4 standard stripe - "superior" US plant patent 17914
Sep 11, 2007 Eppich Eppich 2 T.A.C. #1148032 - standard blush with light stripe unclear yellow and red US plant patent 18004
Apr 29, 2008 Braun Fuji Fubrax Fuji Kiku SRL standard dark ruby red stripes and blush late green-yellow US plant patent 18761
Jul 29, 2008 Leis, Mazzola Fujiko Nagafu 12 Consorzio Italians Vivaisti standard diffused no more intense red US plant patent 19054

Unpatented Fuji mutants include:

  • BC 2
  • Desert Rose Fuji
  • Nagafu 2
  • Nagafu 6
  • Nagafu 12
  • Redsport Type 1
  • Redsport Type 2

Gala

[edit]

Many sports of Gala have been selected, mostly for increased red color, including the popular Royal Gala. The original cultivar produced fruit with orange stripes and a partial orange blush over a yellow background. Since then, several un-patented sports have been recognized. Additionally, more than twenty sports have received US plant patents:

Date "Inventor" Marketed as Mutated From Assignee Habit Pattern Earlier Color Plant Patent Number
Oct 15, 1974 McKenzie Gala - Stark standard partial blush - yellow US plant patent 3637
Oct 4, 1977 Ten Hove Royal Gala, Tenroy Gala3637 Stark standard stripe - red US plant patent 4121
May 10, 1988 Creech Scarlet Gala[7] Kidd's D-83637 C & 0 standard blush - scarlet US plant patent 6172
Aug 1, 1989 Kiddle Galaxy Tenroy4121 Stark standard stripe earlier intense red US plant patent 6955
Dec 18, 1990 Cooper Treco Spur Red Gala No. 42, Regal Auvil Oregon Rootstock spur stripe - red US plant patent 7396
Jul 16, 1991 Fulford Fulford Kidd3637 standard blush - bright red US plant patent 7589
Mar 1, 1994 Olsen Obrogala, UltraRed Tenroy4121 Stark standard stripe 2-4 days redder US plant patent 8621
Apr 5, 1994 Waliser Waliser Gala Tenroy4121 Waliser standard stripe 10 days bright red US plant patent 8673
May 10, 1994 Hill Applewaites Kidd's3637 standard blush 2-3 days more complete red US plant patent 8720
Nov 5, 1996 Olsen Olsentwo Gala, Pacific Gala Royal Gala4121 standard stripe 5-10 days distinguishably different US plant patent 9681
Sep 2 1997 Brookfield Baigent Royal Gala4121 Brookfield standard stripe extremely early bright red US plant patent 10016
Nov 11 1997 Gale Gale Gala Royal Gala4121 Van Well standard stripe 3 weeks more complete US plant patent 10114
Jun 23, 1998 Fackler Big Red Gala Kidd's3637 Protree standard stripe - same US plant patent 10458
Mar 30, 1999 Simmons Simmons Imperial Peace Valley standard stripe 21 days brighter red US plant patent 10840
Jan 18, 2000 Stiekema Stiekema 1 Obragala8621 standard blush - red US plant patent 11182
Apr 11, 2000 McSpadden, Jr Caitlin Tenroy4121 Stark standard stripe "earlier" - US plant patent 11348
Aug 13, 2002 Black Harry Black Kidd's3637 International Plant Management standard stripe 5 wk. later - US plant patent 12842
Apr 29, 2003 Banning Banning Gala Imperial standard stripe - intense red blush, darker stripe US plant patent 13753
Jan 6, 2004 Smith Smith gala Tenroy4121 standard stripe - yellow US plant patent 14448
May 4, 2004 Weaver Weaver Fulford7589 Adams County Nursery more compact blush - bright red US plant patent 14752
Jan 4, 2005 Ligonniere Dalitoga Imperial SNC Elaris standard stripe 3 wk. yellow US plant patent 15465
Aug 15, 2006 Burkitt Burkitt Gala Tenroy4121 BMA Trust standard stripe 10 d. completely red US plant patent 17013
Feb 26, 2008 McDonald El Niño Royal4121 standard intense dark red stripe bright red US plant patent 18512
Jul 8 2008 McLaughlin McLaughlin Gala Kidd's3637 standard 4—6 d. yellow US plant patent 19007
Dec 30, 2008 Fankhauser Alvnia Gala Fankhauser standard stripes "earlier" red, > 95A% coverage US plant patent 19604
Apr 14, 2009 Richard Galaval Galaxy6955 Pepinieres du Valois standard blush - intense dark purple brown US plant patent 19909

Unpatented varieties include: Auvil, Imperial

Unpatented varieties include: Auvil

Winesap

[edit]
Date "Inventor" Marketed as Mutated From Assignee Habit Pattern Earlier Color Plant Patent Number
US plant patent

Bartlett

[edit]
Date "Inventor" Marketed as Mutated From Assignee Habit Flavor Texture Color Plant Patent Number
Jul 1, 1947 Moritz Max-Red Bartlett Bartlett MacKelvie standard sweeter finer red US plant patent 741
Dec 27, 1977 Crisafulli Bartlett semi-dwarf good red blush US plant patent 4169
Apr 14, 1998 Biehn Cinnamon Bartlett standard sweeter russet US plant patent 10325
Feb 26, 2008 Lowry Carolina Gold Bartlett Associated Fruit standard more tart russet US plant patent 18515
Date Originator Marketed as Parent Other Parent Plant Patent Number
Aug 27, 1974 Griggs California Max Red Bartlett741 Comice US plant patent 3599
Aug 9, 1988 Reimer Reimer Max Red Bartlett741 Comice US plant patent 6245
Jan 30, 2007 White Prem2P Max Red Bartlett741 Nijisseiki US plant patent 17387
Apr 17, 2007 Hart Prem1P Max Red Bartlett741 Nijisseiki US plant patent 17624

Nanodes

[edit]
  • Nanodes Lindl. Ed.Bot.Reg.18(1832) Accepted by Govaerts(2003), but Kew says synonoym of Epidendrum L. (1762) nom. cons.


Neolehmannia

[edit]

Neolehmannia Kraenzl (1899) not accepted by R.Govaerts, syn of Epidendrum

Neolehmannia angustata(T.Hashim.)T.Hashim.(1990), Kew says Epidendrum angustatum (T.Hashim.)Dodson (1993), other syn. is Neolehmannia difformis var angustata T.Hashim.1986


References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Notes upon the genus Epidendrum, by Professor Lindley" in W. J. Hooker, Journal of Botany Vol. III, London, England, 1841. pp. 81-89
  2. ^ H. G. Reichenbach "Orchides" in C. Müller, Walpers Annales Botanices Systematicae, Tomus IV, Berlin, 1861, pp. 309-417
  3. ^ C. L. Withner & P. A. Harding The Cattleyas an their relatives: the debatable Epidendrums Timber Press, Inc. Portland, Oregon 2004
  4. ^ http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/prepareChecklist.do
  5. ^ US plant patent 5095
  6. ^ 9645
  7. ^ US plant patent 7396
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